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Biomedical subjects

S P Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S P Jain.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Coronary angioscopy of abrupt occlusion after angioplasty.

OBJECTIVES: This study used angioscopy to determine the specific cause of vessel occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and compared the angiographic and angioscopic lesion morphologies in this setting. BACKGROUND: Occlusion of a dilated coronary artery is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after coronary angioplasty. Attempts to reopen occluded vessels are either empirically guided or directed by angiography, which has inherent limitations. Angioscopy, the in vivo direct visualization of the endovascular surface, is potentially a more accurate means of identifying the cause of vessel occlusion after angioplasty. METHODS: Percutaneous coronary angioscopy was performed in 17 patients (17 vessels) after angiographic confirmation of postangioplasty vessel occlusion. RESULTS: Angioscopy demonstrated the primary cause of the postangioplasty occlusion to be dissection in 14 patients (82%) and intracoronary thrombi in 3 (18%). Compared with angioscopy, angiography was significantly less accurate in identifying the specific cause of the occlusion and correctly identified the cause of vessel occlusion in only 5 (29%) of 17 patients (p < 0.001), including 4 (29%) of 14 deep dissections and 1 (33%) of 3 occlusive thrombi. CONCLUSIONS: Angioscopy specifically identified the cause of occlusion in every patient, with coronary dissection the predominant cause of abrupt occlusion after coronary angioplasty. However, angiography was unable to identify a specific cause for vessel occlusion in the majority of our patients. Angioscopy may therefore prove useful in selecting specific treatment strategies for patients with abrupt occlusion after angioplasty, such as stent placement, atherectomy, repeat dilation or thrombolysis.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1991

Influence of various instrument settings on the flow information derived from the power mode.

To evaluate the factors influencing flow information displayed by the power operating mode, color Doppler flow mapping was used to image the flow in an in vitro left heart pulse duplicator system. The effect of changing one instrument setting, such as pulse repetition frequency, color filter and frame rate while keeping all other instrumental settings constant, was noted on the displayed flow areas. The flow areas derived using power and velocity modes were also compared. An increase in pulse repetition frequency and color filter decreased the flow areas significantly, and a flow area increase occurred with a decrease in frame rate. No significant difference was observed between the flow areas derived using the two operating modes. Like the velocity mode, the power mode display is also influenced by instrument settings. Although low velocity flows are better delineated using this mode, however, no significant difference occurred in the flow areas measured by this mode and velocity mode. Further studies need to be conducted to address its potential applications in the clinical setting and in quantitation.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

Two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow mapping in the diagnosis and prognosis of ventricular septal rupture.

Doppler color flow mapping in conjunction with two-dimensional echocardiography was used to evaluate ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction (seven anterior and eight inferior) in 15 patients and to correlate these findings with cardiac catheterization and surgical or autopsy data. Ventricular septal rupture was diagnosed by turbulent flow traversing the ventricular septum. The direction and velocity of shunt flow was determined by color M-mode and conventional Doppler methods. In all patients, Doppler color flow mapping correctly defined the site of septal rupture, which occurred at areas of discordant septal wall motion or "hinge points" (six posterior inlet, three anterior inlet, and six apical trabecular septum). Each of three patients with moderate tricuspid regurgitation and three of four patients with right-to-left shunting during diastole died, and all had an elevated right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Right ventricular wall motion index was significantly higher in the patients who died compared with those who survived (mean +/- SEM; 2.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.2, p = 0.012), but there was no difference in left ventricular wall motion index. The rupture size measured by Doppler color flow imaging (1.7 +/- 0.1 cm) correlated with the size determined during surgery or autopsy (1.8 +/- 0.2 cm, r = 0.68, p = 0.022) and the pulmonic-to-systemic shunt flow ratio by cardiac catheterization (2.4:1 +/- 0.3, r = 0.74, p = 0.004). Color-guided continuous-wave Doppler estimates of right ventricular systolic pressure (47 +/- 2 mm Hg) correlated with cardiac catheterization measurements (48 +/- 3 mm Hg, r = 0.90, p = 0.0002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tumoral calcinosis in Somalia and Ethiopia: a report of twenty one cases and brief review of literature.

Tumoral calcinosis is an uncommon lesion of obscure aetiology often misdiagnosed. It occurs predominantly in the Negroid and African races, but there is paucity of African literature. This is the first report of eleven cases amongst Somalis and ten Ethiopians, involving only the greater trochanteric, gluteal and iliac crest regions. The clinical, radiological, macroscopical and histological features are typical and universally similar. It may grow rapidly, but usually, gradually over the years, more frequently at the pressure points. Multiple tumours do occur; affects both the sexes and all ages, but here all the Somalis were females. Most cases in both the countries were elderly (60 to 75 years of age) in contrast to other series. Wide surgical excision is essential to avoid recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of pterion formation and its variations in the skulls of Nigerians and Indians.

An attempt has been made to study and compare the incidence and variations in the pterion formation in the skulls of 40 Nigerians and 72 Indians obtained from the Department of Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria. The present study concludes: 1. All the three varieties of pterion i.e. sphenoparietal, frontotemporal and stellate are found in both races. 2. The frequency of sphenoparietal pterion is high in both races (Indians 95.3%, Nigerians 84.79%) while the frontotemporal (Indians 3.46%, Nigerians 10.11%) and the stellate (Indians 1.38%, Nigerians 5.06%) pterion are more common in Nigerians. 3. The frequency of epipteric bone is high in Indians (Indians 11.79%, Nigerians 3.79%) and is more commonly associated with sphenoparietal pterion. 4. No epipteric bone is associated with stellate pterion in both races. 5. The difference in the distance of pterion from the zygomatic arch is highly significant between two races on both sides. 6. The difference in the distance of pterion from the frontozygomatic suture is insignificant between the two races. 7. The frequency of "high Pterion" is more in Nigerians on both sides. 8. The frequency of "Backward Pterion" is more in Indians on the right side, whereas little more in Nigerians on the left side.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interparietal bones in Nigerian skulls.

The study was conducted on 40 adult Nigerian skulls which were examined for the presence of interparietal and pre-interparietal bones. Only one interparietal bone was found (2.5% of the present series) while a single pre-interparietal bone was found in four skulls (10%) and multiple pre-interparietal bones in one skull (2.5%).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Age and wisdom teeth in Nigeria.

An attempt has been made to estimate the eruption age of wisdom teeth in the North Nigerian population. The present study was carried out on 654 boys and 584 girls of age groups ranging from 11-23 years. From the data collected estimates have been provided for the eruption age of the third molar. In general, teeth of the lower jaw erupt before those of the upper jaw. The teeth on the left side erupt earlier than those on the right side. The wisdom teeth erupt little earlier amongst boys (18 years) as compared with girls (18.5 years). In general, the wisdom teeth erupt in Nigerians with some constancy between the age of 15 and 21. The wisdom teeth fail to erupt in 5% of the individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A non-metrical study of Nigerian cranium.

Incidence of non-metrical variants have been studied on 33 Nigerian adult male cranium of mixed race. The observations have been compared with those of Berry and Berry (1967) on Ashanti race of Nigerians. The significant divergence were seen in 11 variants.

Black People↗
PubMed1985

Anthropometric study of male external genitalia of 320 healthy Nigerian adults.

Five basic measurements of the male external genitalia were studied in 320 healthy male medical students belonging to the various parts of Nigeria (West Africa). Their ages range from 17 to 23 years. The measurements were as follows: average length of the penis (81.6 +/- 0.94 mm); circumference of the penis (88.3 +/- 0.02 mm); circumference of the scrotum (212.6 +/- 2.48 mm); length of right testis (46.8 +/- 0.54 mm); width of right testis (32.4 +/- 0.37 mm); length of left testis (46.0 +/- 0.53 mm); and width of left testis (31.4 +/- 0.36 mm). The size of the genitalia increases with the increase in age in younger year groups. The adult stages of genitalia development are reached at the age of 21 years in 89.0% of the individuals. The growth of the genitalia is continued with the increasing height and weight, but this growth slows down after attaining a definite height and weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ethnomedicinal plants of Jaunsar-Bawar hills, Uttar Pradesh, India.

During an ethnomedicobotanical survey of Jaunsar-Bawar, a hilly tribal inhabited area in Uttar Pradesh, India, it was observed that about 100 plants are being used by the local Jaunsari tribe for the treatment of various ailments. An alphabetical list of these plants is given along with their family, local name, local uses, locality and collection number.

India↗
PubMed1984

Variations in the articular facets of the adult cuneiform bones.

This study was carried out on 300 adult cuneiform bones (100 each of medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform bones) for variations in their articular facets. The bones under study are from the Department of Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria. In each group, 75 were male and 25 female bones. The difference in the incidence of various patterns of articular facets in the different cuneiform bones between males and females as well as between right and left sides was found to be statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Eruption age of teeth in Nigeria.

Present study was carried out on 1,022 boys and 646 girls of various age groups. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the eruption age of teeth in various age groups, ranging from 6 to 23 years in Northern Nigerian population. From the data collected a mean have been provided for the eruption age of each tooth. The differences noticed in the eruption ages between boys and girls are not very marked. However, a few points of interest may be mentioned. The lateral incisor, first premolar and Canine erupt earlier amongst girls. The first molar and the central incisor seem to erupt earlier among boys than girls. The teeth of the lower jaw erupt before those of the upper jaw. The Nigerian's wisdom teeth erupt with some constancy between 14-21st years. The third molar tooth fails to erupt in 5% individuals. The second premolar was absent in 0.5% populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of organo-tellurium compounds on the enzymatic alterations in rats.

An attempt has been made to correlate early toxicity of organo-tellurium (Te) compounds with enzymic alterations in liver, kidney, brain and serum at 1 and 3 days following single i.p. injections of bis-(tetraphenyl phosphonium) tetracyanato-bis-p-methoxy p-phenyl tellurate(IV) (TTMT) and bis-(tetraheptyl ammonium) tetraiodocyclopentane tellurate(IV) (TACT). These compounds, at 2 and 1 mg Te/kg body weight as TTMT and TACT, respectively, produced cholinergic signs and caused death within 3 days. Administration at maximum tolerable doses of 0.5 mg and 0.1 mg Te/kg body weight as TTMT and TACT, respectively, resulted in significant reduction of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in serum and brain and by a significant decrease in hepatic glutathione and in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and alkaline phosphatase in liver and kidney.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1983

Incidence of the metopic suture in adult Nigerian skulls.

This study was carried out on 206 adult Nigerian skulls for the incidence of the metopic suture. Metopism was present in 3.4% of cases, and a metopic suture (complete or incomplete) was observed in 34.97% of the skulls. The metopic suture was present in the lower part of the frontal bone, in various shapes, in 30.10% of cases. The most common shape observed was linear type (24.27%). Inverted U-shaped, and wide side to side excursion, were found in 0.49% of cases of each kind, these being the least common form of the suture. The incidence in the upper, upper middle and lower middle parts of the frontal bone was 0.49% in each type.

Adult↗