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Biomedical subjects

S Ono

Publications and source records attributed to S Ono.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Increased expression of insulin-like growth factor I in skin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has potent effects on motor neuron survival and is being studied as a possible therapeutic agent for ALS. However, little is known concerning IGF-I in the skin of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim was to evaluate IGF-I immunoreactivity of skin in patients with ALS. METHODS: IGF-I immunoreactivity of skin from 18 patients with ALS and 16 controls was examined. RESULTS: IGF-I immunoreactivity was markedly positive in the epidermis and dermal blood vessels and glands and was moderately positive in the reticular dermis in all patients with ALS. On the other hand, the epidermis and dermal blood vessels and glands and the reticular dermis showed a weak IGF-I immunoreactivity in controls. The optical density for IGF-I immunoreactivity of the epidermis and dermal blood vessels and glands, and the reticular dermis in patients with ALS was significantly higher than in diseased controls, and was significantly increased with duration of illness. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a metabolic alteration of IGF-I may take place in the skin of patients with ALS.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Increased expression of laminin 1 in the skin of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abnormalities of collagen and glycosaminoglycans of skin have been reported in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, little is known concerning laminin in ALS. The aim of this study is to evaluate laminin 1 immunohistochemistry of skin in ALS patients. We studied laminin 1 immunoreactivity of skin from 17 patients with ALS, 17 patients with other neurological or muscular diseases (control group A) and 10 patients without neurological or muscular disorders (control group B). The dermis, the epithelial basement membrane of the epidermal layer and the basement membrane of skin appendages and blood vessels of skin in ALS patients were significantly higher than in control groups A and B, and showed a significant positive correlation with the duration of illness in the optical density for laminin 1 immunoreactivity. In addition, there was an appreciable positive relationship in the laminin 1 immunoreactivity between the dermis and the basement membrane in ALS patients. These data suggest that alterations of laminin 1 in the skin of ALS patients could be related to the pathogenesis of ALS and may contribute to changes in the mechanical properties of the skin, resulting in the absence of bedsores in ALS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Serum markers of type I collagen synthesis and degradation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Collagen abnormalities in the skin and spinal cord have been reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) reflect type I collagen synthesis and degradation, respectively. However, there has been no study concerning PICP or ICTP in ALS. We studied collagen contents of the skin and measured serum levels of PICP and ICTP in patients with ALS and control subjects. Serum PICP levels were significantly lower in ALS patients than in controls. Serum ICTP levels were significantly higher in ALS patients than in controls, and there was an appreciable positive correlation between serum ICTP levels and the duration of illness in ALS patients. In ALS patients, the collagen content of the skin was significantly smaller than in controls and indicated a progressive decrease in relation to illness. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between serum ICTP concentrations and the collagen content of the skin in ALS patients. These data suggest that increased ICTP levels and decreased serum PICP levels may reflect unique changes in the skin, with a predominance of degradation compared to the synthesis of type I collagen in ALS.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Difference in the effects of low temperatures on the tension of human pulmonary artery and vein ring segments.

BACKGROUND: Although limited data suggest that pulmonary flushing with organ preservation solutions should not be performed at too low temperatures, the influence of temperature on pulmonary vascular tone is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low temperatures of the tension of human pulmonary artery and vein ring segments and the vascular resistance of perfused rat lungs. METHODS: 5 sets of human pulmonary artery and vein ring segments were suspended from a force displacement transducer at 37, 24 and 8 degrees C, and the effect of 30 mM K(+) on the tension was monitored. The effect of 30 mM K(+) on vascular resistance was also examined at low temperatures in 5 perfused rat lungs. RESULTS: Pulmonary artery segments dilated at 24 degrees C, and more significant vasodilatation was observed at 8 degrees C. In contrast, there was a significant constriction of pulmonary veins at 8 degrees C. Vasoconstriction induced by 30 mM K(+) at 37 degrees C was significantly inhibited at low temperatures in both pulmonary arteries and veins. In rat lungs, perfusion at 8 degrees C caused a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, even though no further increase was observed in the presence of 30 mM K(+). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that pulmonary arteries dilate and the veins constrict at 8 degrees C and may increase pulmonary vascular resistance. We conclude that the different effect of low temperatures between pulmonary arteries and veins may explain why pulmonary vascular flushing with organ preservation solutions at room temperature is more satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Neutrophils mediate acute lung injury in rabbits: role of neutrophil elastase.

We investigated the roles of neutrophil and neutrophil elastase in acute lung injury (ALI) to elucidate the mechanism of ALI. We designed two protocols. Protocol I: Experimental ALI was induced by endotoxin (0.02 mg/kg) and platelet-activating factor (8 microg/kg/4 h) in untreated rabbits (control group I), in neutropenic rabbits pretreated with nitrogen-N-oxide hydrochloride, and in untreated rabbits infused with a neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046; 20 mg/kg/4 h). Protocol II: ALI was induced by smaller doses of endotoxin (0.015 mg/kg) and platelet-activating factor (7 microg/kg/4 h) than those used in protocol I in untreated rabbits (control group II), in neutrophilic rabbits pretreated with human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and in neutrophilic rabbits infused with ONO-5046 (as in protocol I). The severity of ALI was assessed by the protein concentration, the elastase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the histologic pulmonary edema ratio. The degree of pulmonary neutrophil accumulation was assessed by pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity and histological findings. Both ALI and pulmonary neutrophil accumulation were suppressed by neutropenia (protocol I), while they were exacerbated by neutrophilia (protocol II). The neutrophil elastase inhibitor could suppress ALI, but it could not suppress pulmonary neutrophil accumulation in both untreated and neutrophilic rabbits (protocols I and II). These findings indicate that neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI via neutrophil elastase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Construction of an enantiomerically pure 6-substituted 3,5-syn-dihydroxyhexanoic acid system by an enantioselective deprotonation strategy: formal synthesis of an antiobesity agent, (-)-tetrahydrolipstatin.

Preparation of 6-substituted 4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (12), a key intermediate for the synthesis of (-)-tetrahydrolipstatin, was achieved in an optically pure form by employing an enantioselective deprotonation reaction of the prochiral bicyclic derivative (5) as a key step.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗
PubMed2000

Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in transluminal endovascular stent-graft repair for thoracic aortic aneurysm.

The endovascular stent-graft has been devised for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) to reduce complications associated with conventional surgical repair. The present study assessed the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for intra- and post-operative examinations in patients treated with transluminal endovascular stent-graft repair for TAA. Nine patients with TAA and 2 with chronic type B aortic dissection were studied. Immediately after stent-graft deployment, perigraft leakage was evaluated with both intraoperative TEE and aortography. In 9 of 11 patients, TEE and aortography immediately after stent-graft deployment revealed the same perigraft leakage results. TEE might therefore be useful for evaluating perigraft leakage and thrombus formation after stent-graft repair for TAA and could be an alternative to aortography, especially for patients with renal dysfunction who have the possibility of contrast agent-induced complications.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Stimulation of noradrenaline release by T-588, a cognitive enhancer, in PC12 cells.

Previously, we reported that (R)-(-)-1-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-2-[2-(N,N- diethylamino)ethoxy] ethanol hydrochloride (T-588), a novel putative cognitive enhancer, stimulated noradrenaline (NA) release from rat cerebral cortical slices. In this study, we investigated the effects of T-588 compared to other secretagogues on NA release from PC12 cells. Addition of as little as 10 microM T-588 stimulated [3H]NA release in a dose-dependent and an extracellular Ca(2+)-independent manner from PC12 cells. Ten micromolar ionomycin-, 300 microM adenosine-5'-O-(gamma-thiotriphosphate)- and 10 microM forskolin-induced extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent [3H]-NA release was further enhanced by 30 microM T-588. Cytosolic synaptophysin and 25-kDa synaptosome-associated protein immunoreactivity was increased by addition of T-588 in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, increases in synaptic vesicle-related proteins triggered by T-588 had a 4-min lag time and were completely dependent on extracellular CaCl2. These findings suggest that T-588 stimulates NA release from PC12 cells in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. T-588 also induced the translocation of synaptic vesicles in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Clinical trials and the new good clinical practice guideline in Japan. An economic perspective.

Japanese clinical trials have been drastically changing in response to the implementation of the International Conference on Harmonisation-Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guideline in 1997. The most important aim of the new guideline is to standardise the quality of clinical trials in the US, European Union and Japan, but it inevitably imposes substantial costs on investigators, sponsors and even patients in Japan. The study environment in Japan differs from that in the US in several ways: (i) historical lack of a formal requirement for informed consent; (ii) patients' attitudes to clinical trials in terms of expectation of positive outcomes; (iii) the implications of universal health insurance for trial participation; (iv) the historical absence of on-site monitoring by the sponsor, with the attendant effects on study quality; and (v) the lack of adequate financial and personnel support for the conduct of trials. Implementation of the new GCP guideline will improve the ethical and scientific quality of trials conducted in Japan. It may also lead to an improved relationship between medical professionals and patients if the requirement for explicit informed consent in clinical trials leads to the provision of a similar level of patient information in routine care and changes the traditional paternalistic attitude of physicians to patients. The initial response of the Japanese 'market' for clinical trials to the implementation of the ICH-GCP guideline has been clinical trial price increases and a decrease in the number of study contracts. These changes can be explained by applying a simple demand-supply scheme. Whether clinical trials undertaken in Japan become more or less attractive to the industry in the long term will depend on other factors such as international regulations on the acceptability of foreign clinical trials and the reform of domestic healthcare policies.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2000

The development of peritumoral stroma required for IL-12 induced tumor regression depends on the T cell/IFN-gamma-involving host-tumor interaction.

T cell migration into tumor masses is a critical process in the scenario of IL-12-induced tumor regression. Our previous study showed that this depends on the development of peritumoral stroma prior to IL-12 therapy. The present study investigated the regulation of the development of peritumoral stroma in comparison with tumor-parenchymal stroma. In the OV-HM and CSA1M tumor models, tumor regression associated with T cell migration was induced following IL-12 treatment. Both OV-HM and CSA1M tumor masses growing in syngeneic mice developed peritumoral stroma before IL-12 treatment. However, peritumoral stroma was not observed in these two types of tumor masses generated in nude mice, T cell-depleted syngeneic mice, anti-IFN-gamma mAb-treated mice or IFN-gamma-deficient mice. In contrast, parenchymal stroma formation did not appear to be affected because tumors generated in these groups of mice exhibited rather higher growth rates than those of tumors in normal syngeneic mice. Importantly, the lack of peritumoral stroma in tumor masses was associated with the failure of T cells to migrate to these tumor masses: splenic T cells prepared from IL-12-treated tumor-bearing mice migrated into the corresponding tumor mass growing in untreated syngeneic recipient mice, whereas portions of the same donor cells failed to migrate into the above stroma-negative tumor masses. These results indicate that the development of peritumoral and parenchymal stroma is differentially regulated; there exist functional differences in the two types of stroma; and the formation of peritumoral stroma requires components of the host's immune system such as IFN-gamma and T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Assessment of systematic nodal dissection by VATS lobectomy for lung cancer].

The feasibility of the complete systematic nodal dissection by the video-assisted thoracic surgery was prospectively assessed in 22 cases of clinical stage I lung cancer (16 right, 6 left cases). Resection of the designated lobe with the mediastinal lymph node dissection was carried out by the small thoracotomy with the aid of the thoracoscope, followed by the standard surgery to verify the completeness of systematic nodal dissection. Although residual lymph nodes were found in 14 of 22 cases, the residual rate was 2.9% and 2.7% by the number and 2.3% and 2.1% by the weight in right and left cases, respectively. Average time and hemorrhage for performing the procedure were 196 minutes, 216.7 minutes and 157.5 g, 145 g in right and left cases, respectively. As a consequence, sufficient systematic nodal dissection in lung cancer was suggested to be feasible by VATS lobectomy.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Mismatches in the treatment for gastric cancer and their correction].

Mismatches in the treatment of gastric cancer to date in Japan are as follows: 1. Difference in the definitive pathological diagnosis even among well-known, experienced pathologists. The case of a patient who was successfully treated by the authors is reported in this paper. 2. The insufficient number of medical oncologists for gastric cancer. 3. The administration of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery without obvious evidence that it is needed. 4. Inadequate preventive measures, i.e. refrainment from smoking and eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 5. The application of standard surgery, which is designed basically to treat advanced gastric cancer with serosal and nodal involvement, in cases of early gastric cancer. These mismatches have been corrected recently by the adoption of modified surgery and an endoscopic approach to the early gastric cancer. These modifications could be attained through our pioneering effort to find a balance between the two contradictory approaches of radical treatment and preservation of organic function, which are often irreconcilable in cancer treatment in general, after the accumulation of sufficient data on early gastric cancer in a Japanese nationwide study.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

[A case of mediastinal pseudocyst with unusual cystic findings in computed tomography].

We report here a case of mediastinal pseudocyst with unusual CT findings. A 25-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to a chest abnormal shadow. She had a cystic mass which was located at anterior mediastinum and was adjacent to great vessels broadly without invasive findings. The intraoperative and histological findings revealed that the cystic mass was a pseudocyst which had been generated by the rupture of a thymic cyst to the mediastinum.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Hoarseness after endotracheal intubation caused by submucosal hemorrage of the vocal cord and recurrent nerve palsy].

Hoarseness often follows endotracheal intubation. A 58 year old man suffered from hoarseness due to recurrent nerve palsy and submucosal hemorrhage of the right vocal cord after general anesthesia. He was scheduled for resection of chronic pyoderma of the buttocks and atheroma of the right retroauricular region. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 300 mg and endotracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 6 mg. A spiral tube with 8 mm of inner diameter (Mallinckrodt Medical) was inserted with no problems. The tube was fixed at left side of the mouth. The cuff was inflated with air but the cuff pressure was not monitored. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (1-3%) and 67% N2O in 33% O2. Respiration was controlled mechanically. The patient was turned to the prone position and his head was turned to the right. The duration of surgery was one hour and forty minutes. Extubation of the tube involved no problems. He complained of hoarseness after surgery. Right recurrent nerve palsy and submucosal hematoma were observed. Without any treatment, hematoma disappeared in 70 days and hoarseness in 183 days. These hematoma and recurrent nerve palsy might be due to the compression of the vocal cord and recurrent nerve by tracheal tube and traction of the recurrent nerve by rotation of the neck.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2000

[Cytokine production in surgical stress].

Surgical injury influences the function of mononuclear cells, leading to various systemic responses. Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin (IL)-1, -6, -8, and the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, which are mainly produced by mononuclear cells, are known to play an important role in the response to and pathogenesis of surgical stress. TNF alpha production by monocytes is extremely upregulated, but monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression is suppressed in patients with surgical stress. While production of Th1 cytokines such as IL-12 and interferon-gamma by mononuclear cells is suppressed, production of Th2 cytokines and IL-10 is upregulated during surgical stress. Immune suppression following surgical stress has been clarified recently in terms of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production balance mainly caused by mononuclear cells. It is thought to be very important to maintain immunological function after surgical stress by controlling cytokine production and balance.

Cytokines↗
PubMed2000

[Successful treatment for descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a case report].

A 21-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, neck swelling, and dyspnea. She was diagnosed as descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) extended from odontogenic infection. On the day of admission, she underwent cervical drainage. Next day, the CT scan showed an abscess below the tracheal bifurcation and bilateral pleural effusion. Mediastinal drainage was performed through a right thoracotomy, and a left thoracic tube was inserted. Anaerobic Peptostreptococcus was found with bacteriological culture. After the mediastinal drainage, bilateral thoracic irrigation was performed through the thoracic tubes. Left thoracic tube was removed on the 8th day and right one was removed on the 20th day after the thoracotomy. She was discharged on the 42nd day. DNM is relatively rare, but it is lethal disease with high mortality. Immediate and sufficient mediastinal drainage is indispensable for the disease.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

[A case report of central respiratory failure due to hemimedullary syndrome].

A hemimedullary infarction, in which both medial and lateral medullary infarctions occur simultaneously, is a rare cerebrovascular disease. Pontomedullary lesions often cause central respiratory failure, and the majority of central respiratory failures are due to bilateral pontomedullary lesions. We report a 66-year-old man with central respiratory failure due to a hemimedullary infarction detected by magnetic resonance imaging. He was admitted to our hospital on March 7, 1998, because of a sudden onset of dysarthria, and both numbness and weakness on his left side. Soon after arriving at the hospital, his spontaneous respiration ceased. Therefore, he was intubated and artificial ventilation was started. Pertinent neurological abnormalities on admission consisted of dysarthria, dysphagia, right Horner's sign, right gaze evoked horizontal nystagmus, right soft palate palsy, and tongue deviation to the right. In addition, left hemiparesis, left Babinski's sign, sensory impairment on the left side including the face, and central respiratory failure were noted. Although voluntary respiration recovered in 12 days, sleep apnea continued for 5 months, which was considered to be due to the automatic respiratory failure. An important feature of this patient was that the hemimedullary infarction caused the central respiratory failure. To our knowledge, this is the third patient whose central respiratory failure occurred because of a hemimedullary infarction.

Aged↗