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Biomedical subjects

S Onishi

Publications and source records attributed to S Onishi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Myocardial "elektive disseminierte Parenchymnekrose" revisited.

A 43-year-old man was found to show cardiac arrest during overnight detention in a police station. The autopsy revealed no abnormality other than a fatty liver on gross examination. Microscopic examination of the heart showed typical disseminated hypoxemic foci of necrosis with hemorrhaging but without infiltration of inflammatory cells, which Büchner, about 60 years ago, proposed as a sign of acute coronary insufficiency without acute coronary occlusion due to massive hemorrhage. However, the disseminated focal hemorrhagic necrosis of microscopic size found in the present study appears to be one of early signs of ischemia in the heart muscle and to occur frequently at silent ischemic heart attacks during daily life.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

New approach to the medical information system for quality management in patient care: development of Problem Mapping System.

A new type of medical information system named Problem Mapping System (P-Map) has been developed, which aids physicians with solving patients' problems. With this system, physicians can define the problems of in-patients, monitor their progress clearly, and share information efficiently. In P-map, a list of problems, such as disease names, can be set for each inpatient easily. The progress of each problem is clearly shown using progress lines on a time axis. Physicians can save the Subjective Objective Assessment Plan (SOAP) notes which are linked to each problem. At the final stage of patient care, a discharge summary can be made easily. With the aid of this system, the quality of patient care is improved due to the following: (1) physicians can make the best decision; (2) medical staff in the same team can provide the best medical treatment; (3) evaluation of each medical treatment is easy; (4) saved data can be used effectively for education and research; (5) the system can improve cooperation with other medical institutes by providing discharge summary information which can be distributed using e-mail; and (6) the system can improve patients' understanding for the purpose of informed consent by providing clear and well organized information to patients.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1999

Serum antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been suggested as a causative organism of Crohn's disease. Despite a long-term debate to prove this possibility, the role of this bacteria in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is still a subject of controversy. In the present study, serum antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgM) to the protoplasmic antigen of M. paratuberculosis were quantified in patients with Crohn's disease and in control subjects by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay whose specificity was increased by preabsorbing the sera with cell extracts of Mycobacterium phlei. As compared to normal controls (1/20; 0.062+/-0.022), a significant difference was seen in the antibody-positive prevalence rate and mean values of the serum IgG titer in patients with Crohn's disease (5/13; 0.102+/-0.039) (P < 0.05), but not in patients with ulcerative colitis (2/20; 0.065+/-0.035) and tuberculosis (0/4; 0.053+/-0.008). No significant differences were seen in the antibody-positive prevalence rate and mean values of the serum IgA and IgM titers among the four study groups. These results indicate the unique immune response to M. paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease, suggesting that this organism may play some role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

I-123 MIBG cardiac imaging in diabetic neuropathy before and after epalrestat therapy.

I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy is a new method to evaluate cardiac sympathetic nerve disturbance in patients with diabetes mellitus. Epalrestat specifically inhibits aldose reductase and improves diabetic neuropathy. The authors report a case of improvement in cardiac sympathetic dysfunction using MIBG scintigraphy with epalrestat therapy. In this case, epalrestat effectively reversed diabetic neuropathy, and MIBG scintigraphy was useful to evaluate the effect of epalrestat.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1999

Identification of carbonic anhydrase IV and VI mRNA expression in human pancreas and salivary glands.

Cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA) II is involved in acid-base balance in a wide variety of tissues. Extracellular CAs, membrane-bound CA IV and excretory CA VI, play a cooperative role with CA II in regulating the luminal pH in kidney and salivary glands, respectively. To extend the evidence into pancreas, we studied messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of CA IV and CA VI in human pancreas. mRNA expressions of CA II, IV, and VI were studied in human pancreas, kidney, liver, and salivary glands by three different detection methods: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-PCR-Southern blot, and Northern blot analyses. CA IV mRNA expression was consistently detected in all four tissues except for liver; only RT-PCR-Southern blot successfully identified its expression in liver. In contrast, RT-PCR and RT-PCR-Southern blot identified CA VI mRNA in salivary glands and pancreas, but Northern blot failed to detect its expression in pancreas. There was no detectable signal of CA VI expression in kidney and liver by all detection methods. CA II mRNA expression was consistently detected in all tissues studied. These results indicate that pancreas and salivary glands contain both of CA IV and VI and suggest that the extracellular CA isozymes may form a mutually complementary system with CA II to regulate the luminal pH of the pancreatic duct system.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1999

Cholecystokinin A and B receptor mRNA expression in human pancreas.

Little information is available on the expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors in the human pancreas, especially in the developing pancreas. We evaluated expression patterns for the CCK receptors in human pancreas at three different ages: fetus, infant, and adult. Expressions of CCK-A and CCK-B receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) were studied in human midtrimester fetus (14-15 weeks' gestation), infant (50 days old), and adult pancreas by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Southern blot analysis. Expression levels of mRNA for both receptors also were evaluated by Northern blot analysis of adult pancreas. Northern blot analysis showed a strong signal for CCK-B receptor mRNA in adult pancreas, but no detectable signal for CCK-A receptor mRNA. However, RT-PCR/Southern blotting showed the presence of CCK-A receptor mRNA in adult pancreas. This was confirmed by sequencing of the complementary DNA (cDNA). RT-PCR/Southern blot analysis also showed CCK-A and CCK-B receptor mRNA expression in fetal and infant pancreas. These results show that the both CCK receptor types are expressed in human pancreas at stages of early gestation, but there is predominant expression of CCK-B receptor in adult pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mutations in exons 2 and 3 of the cationic trypsinogen gene in Japanese families with hereditary pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Single-point mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene have been reported in hereditary pancreatitis kindreds in the white population. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether similar gene mutations are present in Japanese hereditary pancreatitis kindreds. METHODS: All five exons of the cationic trypsinogen gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in six Japanese families with hereditary pancreatitis. RESULTS: Two types of single-point mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene, which were identical with those reported in white families with hereditary pancreatitis, were observed in separate Japanese families with hereditary pancreatitis: 21Asn (AAC) to Ile (ATC) (N21I) in exon 2 and 117Arg (CGC) to His (CAC) (R117H) in exon 3. Pancreatitis occurred at more advanced ages in patients with the N21I mutation than in those with the R117H mutation. Besides normal polymorphisms in exons 4 and 5, no mutation was found in patients in the remaining four families with hereditary pancreatitis, 21 patients with sporadic chronic pancreatitis, or five normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results show heterogeneity, but no racial specificity, in the cationic trypsinogen gene mutations in hereditary pancreatitis kindreds. A distinctive clinical feature for each of the mutation types is suggested: adult onset for the N21I mutation and childhood onset for the R117H mutation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Anesthetic management of a patient with tracheal bronchus with one lung ventilation].

A 56-year-old-male with malignant pleural mesothelioma of the left lung underwent pneumonectomy and pleurectomy. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was not done preoperatively. Anesthesia was induced rapidly and a double-lumen endobronchial tube was inserted. When we checked the position of the tube with a fiberoptic bronchoscope, we found that the normal right upper lobe bronchus was absent and that the inflated tracheal cuff had obstructed the right upper lobe bronchus originating above the carina. Then we changed the double-lumen endobronchial tube to a endotracheal tube with the blocker. Thereafter, the surgery was completed safely and his postoperative course was uneventful. Routine bronchoscopy is essential just after intubation and before extubation of the endobronchial tube in safe airway management. How to use a fiberoptic bronchoscope to check the position of a double-lumen endobronchial tube is also discussed.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1999

[A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a juvenile patient].

A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a 18-year-old female is presented. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary tumor on the left lateral wall. Histopathology of the excised tumor showed transitional cell carcinoma, G1 > 2, pT1a. Recurrence has not been observed for about 1 year, after intravesical pirarubicin therapy.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1998

Transactivation of transforming growth factor alpha gene by hepatitis B virus preS1.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic liver injury, and integration of HBV DNA is considered to be an important pathogenic determinant for hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor development. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) drastically accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis when it is overexpressed in TGF-alpha transgenic mice (C. Jhappan et al., Cell, 61: 1137-1146, 1990). In HBV-infected patients, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells show elevated expression of TGF-alpha (C. C. Hsia et al., J. Med. Virol., 43: 216-221, 1994), the mechanism for which, however, has not been clarified yet. We here show that preS1, a part of the HBV large surface protein, carries a transcriptional transactivation domain and activates the transcription of the TGF-alpha gene by 2-fold in human HCC HuH6 cells. The responsive elements are restricted to the 315-bp segment of the proximal TGF-alpha promoter (-373 to -59). Furthermore, the expression of TGF-alpha was markedly increased in permanently preS1-producing HuH6 transformants. The crucial role for HBV preS1 in hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor development through transactivation of the TGF-alpha gene may give us new insight into the understanding of pathogenesis and therapy of viral hepatocarcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Mitochondrial abnormalities in selenium-deficient myopathy.

We report a man who developed selenium-deficient myopathy during long-term parenteral nutrition. Muscle biopsy showed marked mitochondrial depletion in the deep sarcoplasm and enlarged mitochondria at the periphery mainly in type 2 fibers. Muscle weakness improved gradually after the second course of selenium supplementation. The peculiar mitochondrial abnormalities in muscle fibers appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of selenium-deficient myopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor and vitamin B12 on myocardial uptake of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) and vitamin B12 (VB12) on myocardial uptake of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in patients with diabetic autonomic disorder. Myocardial scintigraphy using 123I-MIBG was performed on 20 healthy volunteers (controls) and 56 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in order to obtain the heart/mediastinum ratio in the initial (HMi) and the delayed images (HMd), and the washout rate (%WR). Thirty-four of the 56 NIDDM patients could be diagnosed as having diabetic autonomic disorder by evaluating their scintigraphic findings in comparison with the controls. Seventeen of these 34 patients received 150 mg/day of doses before meals, and the other 17 received 1.5 mg/day of mecobalamin (VB12 group) in three divided doses after meals, for 3-5 months. According to the presence or absence of clinical symptoms of autonomic or peripheral somatic nerve disorder, the patients were subclassified into four groups. group 1=patients, with autonomic symptoms or somatosensory disorder in the ARI group; group 2=patients without autonomic symptoms or somatosensory disorder in the ARI group; group 3=patients with autonomic symptoms or somatosensory disorder in the VB12 group; and group 4=patients without autonomic symptoms or somatosensory disorder in the VB12 group. After completion of the treatment, myocardial scintigraphy was performed again. Comparing the results obtained before and after the treatment, it was seen that ARI improved only the HMi in group 1 (P=0.046), whereas VB12 significantly improved HMi in the group 3 (P=0.018) and HMi, HMd and %WR in group 4 (P=0.043, P=0.018 and P=0.043, respectively). We conclude that VB12 is more efficacious than ARI in the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic disorder.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1998

Characterization of cationic amino acid transporter and its gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells in relation to nitric oxide production.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nitric oxide is a potent mediator of hepatic sinusoidal hemodynamics and affects hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells, fat-storing cells). Although nitric oxide production may depend on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and on transport of extracellular L-arginine, the precise mechanisms controlling nitric oxide production in stellate cells have not been well characterized. METHODS: Using stellate cells prepared from the male Wistar rat, kinetic analysis of L-arginine transport and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for cationic amino acid transporter were carried out. The effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma on L-arginine transport, mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporter and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide production of stellate cells was assessed. RESULTS: The L-arginine transport system functioning in the transformed hepatic stellate cells was system y+, possibly mediated by cationic amino acid transporter-1 and cationic amino acid transporter-2B (Km approximately 50 microM). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhanced cationic amino acid transporter-2B mRNA expression and L-arginine transport, whereas cationic amino acid transporter-1 mRNA expression remained unchanged. Interferon-gamma induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA without obvious changes in L-arginine transport. Interferon-gamma in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced nitric oxide production with an enhancement in cationic amino acid transporter-2B mRNA expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression, and L-arginine transport, while extracellular L-lysine competitively inhibited this nitric oxide production. CONCLUSIONS: In transformed hepatic stellate cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma have a crucial role in nitric oxide production, and extracellular L-arginine transport and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression are regulated in a differential cytokine-specific manner. As the estimated Km of L-arginine transporter in transformed hepatic stellate cells is very similar to the physiological L-arginine concentration in portal vein, we assume that increased portal L-arginine concentration may easily affect sinusoidal blood flow through enhancement of autocrine nitric oxide production in transformed hepatic stellate cells of diseased liver.

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of regional cardiac sympathetic innervation in congenital long QT syndrome using 123I-MIBG scintigraphy.

The aim of this study was to determine whether sympathetic imbalance in congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) can be identified by cardiac sympathetic neuronal dysinnervation. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a tracer of the norepinephrine analogue which reflects the regional innervation and norepinephrine kinetics in cardiac sympathetic nerves. Sixteen patients with LQTS, who were members of 12 families, and 7 normal controls underwent MIBG scintigraphy. Myocardial SPET and planar images were obtained 15 min and 4 h after the injection of MIBG in each patient. The relative regional uptake (RRU) and regional washout rate (rWR) of MIBG at 4 h in each of nine regions were compared with those in the control group. The heat-to-mediastinum ratio (H/M) and global washout rate (GWR) were also calculated. The RRU, rWR, H/M and GWR showed no significant difference between LQTS patients and normal controls. Furthermore, the RRU in 96% of all regions in LQTS was within the mean +/- 2 standard deviations of that in the control group. Patients with LQTS have normal cardiac sympathetic innervation, as assessed by MIBG. The sympathetic imbalance hypothesis is unlikely to be attributed to an abnormal distribution and different regional norepinephrine kinetics of cardiac sympathetic nerves.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗