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Biomedical subjects

S Okuda

Publications and source records attributed to S Okuda.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A false aneurysm coexisting with arteriovenous malformation in the cerebellum.

A false aneurysm that developed at the nidus of the cerebellar AVM in a 5-year-old boy is reported. A review of previous reports indicated that non-traumatic false aneurysms occur exclusively in the intraparenchymal brain tissue in association with vascular anomalies. Because the development of a false aneurysm at the nidus of AVM is extremely rare, its possible pathogenesis is discussed.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1989

Recent advances in ultrasonographic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (US) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was estimated by checking against the regional cancer registry, and also the clinical features, major therapy, and prognosis of HCC cases diagnosed by initial US were examined for the two periods of 1980 and 1984. The number of patients with HCC was 83 of 4442 in 1980 and 86/3393 in 1984. As for the detectability of the tumor, the sensitivity improved from 94.0% to 96.5%. Regarding the ability to confirm the detected tumor to be HCC, the sensitivity improved from 53.0% to 68.6% without decrease in the specificity of 99.9%. The size and number of nodules were more accurately diagnosed in 1984, and cases with small (less than or equal to 4 cm) single nodule increased from 2% to 9%. Active therapy was performed in more cases and the 2-year survival rate increased from 9% to 20%. The remarkable improvement was achieved in the diagnostic accuracy of US for HCC during 4 years from 1980 to 1984.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of gastrofiberscopic biopsy in diagnosis of gastric cancer.

The accuracy of gastrofiberscopic biopsy in diagnosis of gastric malignancies has been evaluated by studying operative and postmorten findings and clinical follow-up data in linkages at Osaka Cancer Registry, Japan, after an average of 7.7 years. Satisfactory data were obtained in follow-ups of all 1331 patients examined. There were only 31 (3.7%) false-negative diagnoses of malignancy among 858 patients diagnosed as having benign lesions, and only three (0.6%) false-positive diagnoses among 473 patients diagnosed as having malignant tumors. The false-negative diagnoses were most frequent in cases of elevated types of early cancer, advanced cancer of type 4 and leiomyosarcoma, or in cases located in the posterior wall and in the antrum. The three benign lesions that were diagnosed as malignant by biopsy were all associated with active ulceration, indicating that care is necessary in taking biopsy specimens of ulcerated lesions. From these findings the sensitivity and specificity of the gastrofiberscopic biopsy method for detection of gastric malignancies were calculated to be 93.8% and 99.6%, respectively, and the overall accuracy for all the patients was 97.4%. These results reconfirm that gastrofiberscopic biopsy is very useful for diagnosis of gastric malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of gastric cancers with fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

Forty gastric adenocarcinomas in 30 resected stomachs were examined by an endoscopic immunofluorescent technique using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Fluorescence images of the tumors were obtained with a newly developed endoscopic television system for detecting faint fluorescence. Computer-assisted processing was used to enhance the detection and localization of the tumors visualized by the immunofluorescent technique. Twenty seven (90%) of 30 tumors showed positive fluorescence after treatment with FITC-labeled antibodies for 60 minutes, whereas only two (40%) of five cancers could be detected by the immunofluorescent technique after treatment with antibodies for less than 60 minutes. There was no significant relationship between positive fluorescence and the gross and histological types or the stages of the tumors. In contrast, no positive fluorescence could be demonstrated in cases of benign gastric lesions or after pretreatment with FITC-labeled alpha-fetoprotein. This study therefore suggests that the immunofluorescent technique using FITC-labeled anti-CEA antibodies can be useful in detecting the early stages of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Clinicopathological features and natural history of gastric hamartomatous polyps.

The clinicopathological features, chromoendoscopic findings, and natural history of hamartomatous polyps of the stomach were compared with those of gastric hyperplastic polyps. Hamartomatous polyps were found significantly more frequently in adult females than adult males, and all were found significantly more frequently in adult females than adult males, and all were located in the gastric body or the fundus. In general, the number of polyps per patient was less in older patients. Histologically, all these polyps were formed of cystically dilated oxyntic glands and irregularly deformed oxyntic glands. Chromoendoscopic examinations using Congo red showed that the polyps were associated with extensive acid-secreting areas, were all located in acid-secreting areas, and had an acid-secreting function. Colonoscopy and/or radiologic examinations showed that one or a few polyps were frequently also present in the colons of these patients, but none of the families of the patients had a history of gastrointestinal polyposis. One to 11 years after the initial endoscopy, in seven (50.0%) of 14 patients with hamartomatous polyps followed up, the number of polyps decreased significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcatheter arterial embolization combined with intraarterial infusion of a mixture of cisplatin and ethiodized oil.

The therapeutic effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with intraarterial infusion of cisplatin/ethiodized oil mixture in treatment of resectable and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma was compared with TAE with intraarterial infusion of doxorubicin mixed with and without ethiodized oil. The series included 97 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and 40 patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. With TAE using doxorubicin infusion, a partial response of the tumor was seen in only 11%, and the 2-yr survival was calculated to be only 5%. Histologic examination of the specimens obtained by hepatectomy also showed that this treatment was relatively ineffective in daughter tumor and portal tumor thrombi. In contrast, TAE with infusion of cisplatin/ethiodized oil mixture significantly increased the rate of partial response (38%), and significantly prolonged the 2-yr survival (45%). Histologically this treatment gave severe necrosis in daughter tumors (69%) and tumor thrombi (78%) as well as main tumor (75%). This treatment was significantly better than TAE with doxorubicin and ethiodized oil infusion in terms of the tumor regression and histologic responses of main tumor and portal vein tumor thrombi, but not in terms of the 2-yr survival. However, 2 patients (8%) died within 4 wk of the latter treatment, whereas no deaths were reported after the former treatment. Therefore, TAE combined with intraarterial infusion of cisplatin/ethiodized oil mixture may be a safe and useful treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of endoscopic treatment of carcinoid tumors of the rectum.

The effectiveness of endoscopic polypectomy in the treatment of carcinoid tumors of the rectum was investigated. Flat tumors of less than 1.5 cm in the largest diameter, of normal or yellow color, consisting histologically of solid nodular nests or trabecular or ribbon-like structures were "early" tumors, in which the tumor cells were confined to the mucosa and submucosa, and did not involve deeper layers. Eight patients with "early" carcinoids were treated by endoscopic polypectomy. Subsequently, two of them were submitted to surgery, while the other six were followed-up endoscopically. Histological examination of the specimens obtained at operation showed no evidence of residual tumor cells at the polypectomy site. Endoscopic follow-up studies also failed to reveal local recurrence in any of the patients during the average observation period of 1.3 years. The wall of the rectum was significantly thicker than that of the sigmoid colon, so that deeper local excision was possible. These findings indicate that even though "early" carcinoid tumors of the rectum showed submucosal invasion, they were completely cured by local endoscopic excision.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Binding site of cerulenin in fatty acid synthetase.

An antibiotic cerulenin, (2R, 3S)-2,3-epoxy-4-oxo-7,10-trans,trans- dodecadienamide, irreversibly inhibits fatty acid synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three moles of cerulenin were bound to 1 mol of the enzyme with concomitant loss of its activity. Pretreatment of the enzyme with iodoacetamide reduced the amount of cerulenin bound to the enzyme. Since iodoacetamide is known to specifically bind to the cysteine residue on the condensing reaction domain, cerulenin is considered to bind to the same domain. Tryptic digestion of the [3H] cerulenin-treated enzyme gave a radioactive peptide; its amino acid composition was Asx 1, Thr 1, Ser 1, Glx 2, Pro 1, Gly 1, Ala 1, Val 1, Ile 1, and Leu 2. This composition included all the amino acids of the condensing reaction site (Thr-Pro-Val-Gly-Ala-Cys) previously reported by Kresze et al. (Eur. J. Biochem., 79, 181 [1977] except for Cys. When the enzyme was treated with [3H]cerulenin and digested successively with trypsin and carboxypeptidase P, a [3H] cerulenin-cysteine adduct was isolated as the sole product. This was identified with the adduct chemically synthesized from non-labeled cerulenin and cysteine, and its structure was elucidated by 1H-, 13C-NMR, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. These results indicate that cerulenin, forming a hydroxylactam ring, reacts at its epoxide carbon (C-2 position) with the SH-group of the cysteine residue in the condensing reaction domain of yeast fatty acid synthetase.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of discriminant analysis of serum CA 19-9 and elastase 1 in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

The accuracies of assays of serum CA 19-9 and elastase 1 in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma were investigated by the cutoff method and discriminant analysis of data on 98 patients with pancreatitis, 65 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 107 patients with benign diseases of other organs, and 108 patients with cancer of other organs. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of the cutoff method and multivariate analysis of CA 19-9 and elastase 1 showed that the latter was better for diagnosis in terms of its specificity. The performance of multivariate analysis was validated on independent data consisting of 52 patients with pancreatitis, 27 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 79 patients with benign diseases of other organs, and 29 patients with cancer of other organs. Multivariate analysis of CA 19-9 and elastase 1 was very useful for differentiation of patients with and without pancreatic carcinoma: 24 (88.9%) of 27 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were correctly classified. Moreover, by this method, all patients with pancreatic carcinoma of less than 2 cm in longest diameter and 81.3% of those without jaundice were correctly classified.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of phosphate binders on the course of chronic renal failure in rats with focal glomerular sclerosis.

To investigate the effect of phosphate binders on the progress of renal functional deterioration, aluminium hydroxide (AL) or calcium carbonate (CA) was administered to adriamycin (ADR)-induced progressive renal failure model rats. Urinary protein excretion was reduced in ADR rats treated with AL (ADR-AL group) or CA (ADR-CA group), compared to those without the treatment (ADR group). Urinary phosphate excretion, serum phosphate concentration, and calcium-phosphate product were significantly lower in the ADR-AL and ADR-CA groups than in the ADR group. At week 34, increased serum creatinine, glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial alterations, being marked in the ADR group, were ameliorated in the ADR-AL and ADR-CA groups. However, there was no significant difference in body weight and serum total protein among the three groups. We conclude that AL and CA could both prevent chronic progressive renal deterioration in focal glomerular sclerosis induced by ADR, and preserve the nutritional condition.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1989

Gastric emptying and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with atrophic gastritis and the effects of domperidone.

The relationship of gastric emptying of liquid to the extent of fundal gastritis and gastrointestinal symptoms was investigated in a total of 37 subjects comprising healthy controls with no gastrointestinal symptoms and patients with constant gastrointestinal symptoms for at least 1 year. Gastric emptying was measured by the acetaminophen absorption method, and the extent of fundal gastritis was determined by the endoscopic Congo-red test developed at this hospital. Gastric emptying was significantly slower in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms than in healthy subjects. It was also significantly slower in patients with than in those without severe fundal gastritis. Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more frequent in patients with delayed gastric emptying. The acute effect of oral administration of domperidone on gastric emptying was examined. A single dose of domperidone (20 mg) significantly increased the rate of gastric emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case-control study of stomach cancer in young females, with special reference to the effects of pregnancy and delivery].

To investigate the effects of pregnancy and delivery on stomach carcinogenesis, we have conducted a case-control study. The cases consisted of females aged 34 or below who had been histologically diagnosed as having a stomach cancer, covering a period from 1967 to 1986 at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. Our birth-year-matched controls were selected from female examinees who had undergone a gastroendoscopy in 1986. In this manner, a total of 79 cases and 158 controls were obtained. For women in the age group from 30 to 34, a history of their pregnancies and deliveries seemed to have protective effects on stomach carcinogenesis (RR = 0.36, P less than 0.05), whereas for those in the age group under 30, it appeared to be a risk factor for stage IV stomach cancer (RR = 4.42, P less than 0.05).

Adult↗