Further study of global gauge anomalies of simple groups.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
S Okubo
Publications and source records attributed to S Okubo.
Respiratory mechanics determined by flow interruption during passive expiration in cats.
We used the interrupter technique to measure the resistance Rinit (equal to the initial change delta Pinit in tracheal pressure divided by flow at interruption) during expiration in six normal anaesthetized-paralyzed cats. By performing interruptions at different points in expiration we found Rinit in each cat to be linearly dependent on flow. By allowing the cats to expire through two different resistances we were also able to demonstrate a volume dependence of Rinit in four of the cats. In addition, we obtained a secondary pressure change delta Pdif in each cat, as the magnitude of the slow change in tracheal pressure in the 2 sec following interruption of flow. delta Pdif was approximately constant over most of the expired volume range, and represented the difference between the static elastic recoil pressure of the respiratory system and the pressure driving flow at any volume during a passive expiration. delta Pdif became larger than delta Pinit towards the end of expiration. Since previously used methods for measuring respiratory system resistance have employed varying combinations of delta Pinit and delta Pdif as the resistive pressure drop, it is clear that measurements of resistance must be made with standard techniques under standard conditions if they are to be compared.
Airway Resistance↗
A cytotoxic serine proteinase isolated from mouse submandibular gland.
We have isolated a novel cytotoxic factor from the submandibular glands of male BALB/c mice by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The cytotoxic factor is a serine proteinase, which belongs to the mouse glandular kallikrein (mGK) family, with an Mr of approximately 27,000. The purified serine proteinase showed cytotoxic activity against mouse thymocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and a serine proteinase inhibitor, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, blocked its cytotoxic activity.
Animals↗
Radionuclide angiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic filling in amyloid heart disease: a study of patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
To assess left ventricular diastolic filling in amyloid heart disease, 17 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy and 20 normal subjects were examined by radionuclide angiography. None of the patients showed clinical evidence of restrictive cardiomyopathy. All but two patients had normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Peak filling rate was significantly lower and time to peak filling rate was significantly greater in patients than in normal subjects (2.60 +/- 0.52 versus 3.10 +/- 0.44 EDV/s, p less than 0.001, and 215 +/- 53 versus 147 +/- 18 ms, p less than 0.001, respectively). The mean left ventricular filling volume during rapid diastolic filling and atrial systole in patients was 54.5 +/- 19.5% and 44.2 +/- 21.6% of the stroke volume, respectively, compared with 83.8 +/- 6.6% (p less than 0.001) and 20.0 +/- 6.0% (p less than 0.001), respectively, in normal subjects. Although 10 of the 14 patients without clinical evidence of overt heart disease had normal ventricular wall thickness as well as normal ejection fraction, 8 of the 10 showed abnormal diastolic filling. In patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy, indexes of diastolic filling were significantly related to ventricular wall thickness alone. The incidence and magnitude of abnormalities in time to peak filling rate and contribution of rapid filling as well as atrial systole to ventricular filling increased with age and duration of illness. Thus, abnormal diastolic filling can be seen even in the early stage of familial amyloid polyneuropathy and may be related to myocardial amyloid deposition as well as to fibrosis. Careful consideration should be given to age and duration of illness when diastolic filling is assessed in this disorder.
Adult↗
[Comparative evaluation of markers with reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibody in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection].
To investigate a non-RI test which is equivalent to the reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibody test, a reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibody was compared to the absolute number of CD-4 or CD-8 cells or CD-4/-8 ratio and also to photodensitometric analysis for western blotting. There is no correlation of the reverse transcriptase with any test for cell numbers and their ratio. In photodensitometry, relative units of anti-p65 and anti-p51 were compared with reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibody. The reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibody showed a higher correlation to the relative unit of p65 antibodies than that of p51 antibodies. The photodensitometric analysis of western blotting for a serum test may be a possible method to find a prognostic marker in HIV-1 infection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Impaired left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study.
To assess left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with amyloid heart disease 12 patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy and 15 normal subjects were studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. None of the patients had clinical evidence of overt heart disease or restrictive cardiomyopathy and only two of them showed ventricular wall thickening. The peak flow velocity of rapid diastolic filling and the acceleration rate of early diastolic inflow were significantly lower in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy than in controls. The pressure half time was significantly longer in patients than in controls. In addition, the peak flow velocity during atrial contraction and the ratio of atrial peak flow velocity to rapid diastolic peak flow velocity were significantly greater in patients than in controls. Although there were no significant correlations between measurements of diastolic filling and clinical findings in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy, the ratio of atrial peak flow velocity to rapid diastolic peak flow velocity was significantly related to left ventricular posterior wall thickness. These findings suggest that in patients with cardiac amyloidosis without restrictive cardiomyopathy, abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling, manifested by a reduction in the rate and volume of rapid diastolic filling with enhanced atrial contraction, can be seen even in the early stage of the disease.
Adult↗
Respiratory mechanics in adult rats hypoxic in the neonatal period.
Newborn rats were exposed to 10% O2 from 24 h to 6 days after birth, then returned to normoxia and examined at 50 days of age, i.e., after reaching sexual maturity. Despite the important impairment in somatic growth during hypoxia, at 50 days body weight and nose-tail length were as in control rats never exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxic rats had a bigger chest, with larger anteroposterior diameter, larger surface area of the muscle component of the diaphragm, and heavier and more expanded lungs. None of these structural changes were observed in a third group of rats, which were exposed for 6 days to hypoxia between 35 and 42 days of age, i.e., at a much more advanced stage of postnatal development. In addition, hypoxic rats had higher compliance of the respiratory system and of the lung and lower total pulmonary resistance than control rats. Frequency dependence of compliance was not different. We conclude that in the rat the structural changes induced by neonatal chronic hypoxia are not resolved by the return to normoxia but persist at least until postpuberty with modifications of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system.
Animals↗
Physiopathology and treatment of chronic cor pulmonale due to dysventilation syndrome.
133 patients with chronic cor pulmonale due to dysventilation syndrome were studied. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was found, possibly for the first time in Japan, to be the most common etiological condition, occurring in 54% of the patients. Chronic cor pulmonale was clinically diagnosed as the appearance of right heart failure on admission. Patients were divided into two groups depending on clinical state, compensated and decompensated. There was a marked difference in arterial blood gases and electrocardiographic fluctuations between the states. Serial observations of these parameters and enlarged cardiac silhouette to the left on plain chest film provided diagnostic evidence for development to the decompensated state. Pulmonary artery pressure changes on exercise and during sleep at night has been considered to impair right heart function. Prognosis of chronic cor pulmonale largely depends on the concentrated therapy of the decompensated state. 85% of patients in the current study returned to the compensated state with active intensive therapy. Recent therapeutic progress has made control of this serious disease possible, despite the appearance of right heart failure. Laborious prolonged therapy appears to be essential in order to improve long-term prognosis.
Adult↗
Left ventricular systolic and diastolic time intervals in familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
To determine left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic properties in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), we analyzed simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, carotid arterial pulse, and apex cardiogram in 14 patients and 21 normal subjects. LV systolic and diastolic time intervals were measured. Correlations between the intervals and neurologic disabilities, duration of illness, and age were examined. We found that in patients with FAP, 1) LV relaxation was impaired, especially in early diastole, whereas systolic function was generally preserved, 2) abnormal LV relaxation could be seen before the development of both clinically identifiable heart disease and the abnormalities in systolic function, 3) indexes of LV systolic function and relaxation decreased in parallel with the progress of the disease, duration of illness, and age, and 4) electromechanical delay was markedly increased.
Adult↗
Role of echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism.
The difficulty in making an accurate diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism is well known. To clarify the role of echocardiography, including Doppler echocardiography, in acute pulmonary embolism, we examined hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in 9 patients with acute pulmonary embolism just before and after treatment with urokinase. As hemodynamic parameters normalized after treatment, echocardiographic parameters such as deformity index of the left ventricle (LV-DI), end-diastolic dimension of the right ventricle (RVDd), the left ventricle (LVDd), the inferior vena cava, and RVDd/LVDd all significantly changed toward normal. Highly significant correlations were found between the echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, the best of which was between the LV-DI and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.885, p less than 0.001). Doppler echocardiography quantitatively evaluated the grade of tricuspid regurgitation, and accurately estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure. We conclude that echocardiography, including Doppler echocardiography, sensitively reflects the right ventricular pressure and volume overload of acute pulmonary embolism, is quite useful for its diagnosis which is often difficult, and is suitable for noninvasive follow up of these patients.
Acute Disease↗
[Antibacterial and bactericidal activities of Japanese green tea].
We found that extracts of Japanese green tea leaves inhibited the growth of various bacteria causing diarrheal diseases. All tea samples tested showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Vibrio cholerae O1, V. cholerae non O1. V. parahaemolyticus, V. mimicus, Campylobacter jejuni and Plesiomonas shigelloides. None of the tea samples had any effect on the growth of V. fluvialis, Aeromonas sobria, A. hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae or Yersinia enterocolitica. Salmonella and Shigella showed susceptibilities different depending on the kind of Japanese green tea. Japanese green tea showed also bactericidal activity over S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus and even enteropathogenic E. coli which was not sensitive when tested by cup method. The bactericidal activity was shown even at the drinking concentration in daily life.
Bacteria↗
[Pretransfusion screening tests for HIV and HTLV-I in donated blood].
Screening tests for HIV and HTLV-I in donated blood were introduced into Japan in Nov. 1986. I) The incidence of HIV-antibody (Ab) among donated blood in Japan is hitherto as low as 1-2/500,000. However, those Ab tests used at present may overlook HIV-infected donors before of their seroconversion. A newly developed HIV-antigen (Ag) test has yielded positive results in 4 out of 29 (13.8%) of our HIV-Ab+ hemophiliacs (all in the AC stage), although none of the 27 HIV-Ab negatives were HIV-Ag+. The rate of Ag+ was higher in the group showing disappearance of p 24-band on the Western blot (WB). The isolation of HIV was successful in 6 out of 13 (46.2%) AC hemophiliacs, even in three with negative HIV-Ag. The usefulness of these new tests for screening should be estimated from the standpoint of the cost/benefit balance. In future, the screening for HIV-2 may also be needed. II) Gelatin particle agglutination test (PA) could detect not only IgG- but also IgM-HTLV-I Ab, while the latter is overlooked by ELISA. On the other hand, a few of false negatives by PA could be observed. Anti-HTLV-I Ab was found in 2% of our donors, the frequency being higher among those who had previously received blood transfusions. If possible, all of the donated blood should be chemically and/or physically treated to inactivate any contaminating viruses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
[Hemodynamic significance of diffuse lung uptake of 201Tl in heart diseases].
Clinical significance of diffuse lung uptake of 201Tl was studied in 244 cases of various heart diseases. The grade of lung uptake of 201Tl was assessed by total lung uptake ratio (L/T), maximal lung uptake ratio (Max/T), lung to myocardium or mediastinum counts ratio (M/H or M/Med) and visual grade. L/T, Max/T, M/H and M/Med were directly correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure (PCW), and inversely correlated with cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI). Among them, L/T was the best index to assess PCW, that was correlated with PCW (r = 0.65), CO (r = -0.53) and CI (r = -0.45). The visual grade of 201Tl lung uptake was correlated with L/T, and the increased lung uptake was associated with a higher PCW and a lower CO as well as a lower CI. Diffuse increased lung uptake of 201Tl was observed in 29 of 41 cases (70.7%) with myocardial infarction, 25 of 29 cases (86.2%) with mitral valvular diseases and 9 of 10 cases (90.0%) with combined valvular diseases, in addition, in most cases with left heart failure and cases of NYHA 3 and 4, but that was not rarely observed in cases of NYHA 2 and without left heart failure. In heart diseases, 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy seems to be valuable for detection of left heart failure including pulmonary congestion and interstitial pulmonary edema. Total lung uptake ratio (L/T) may be useful for estimation of PCW, and the visual grade of 201Tl lung uptake may be applicable as routine index for grading of lung uptake of 201Tl.
Aged↗
[Distribution of inspired and alveolar gases in the lung].
Alveolar components in single breath tests were studied in normal subjects and patients with COPD using simultaneous He and N2 single breath washout and the "Air N2 method" developed in our laboratory since 1979, which was summarized as follows: Special device for the N2 fractional output of a mass spectrometer (Perkin Elmer MGA1100B) was made using a DC cancellation amplifier with inspired N2 concentration (FIN2) suppressed to zero voltage and the changing fraction (FEN2-FIN2) of expired N2 concentration (FEN2) was magnified by the high fidelity DC amplifier. FAirN2 (=FEN2-FIN2) versus expired volume (VE) was designated "Air N2 Curve" with prominent cardiac oscillations (CO) on its mild ascending plateau in normal subjects. Air N2 curve of COPD, however, showed a much steeper ascending plateau without CO. The slope of the air N2 curve under normal resting tidal volume breathing, expressed as the increase in nitrogen concentration per liter BTPS expired (delta AirN2), has been of particular value in the diagnosis of COPD as a new indicator of V A/Q inequality. The air N2 curve expired from tidal volume breath to residual volume (RV) was utilized to analyze phase IV and V. Fractional concentration of Air N2 ceased to increase with the appearance of phase IV and thereafter began to decrease, and then showed abrupt terminal rise at the onset of phase V. High VA/Q units must contribute to phase IV and to the contrary low VA/Q units must contribute to phase V. This provided supporting evidence of the contribution of upper lung regions in causing phase IV and of lower lung regions in causing phase V. Combined He bolus and N2 washout and Air N2 methods with changing expiratory flow rates proved phase IV and V to be flow-dependent. Closing volume (CV) in a static condition could be determined by the extrapolation of phase IV volume to zero flow. Phase IV and V were also shown to be parallel compartments of gravity dependence by the technique of postural change between inspiration and expiration. Simultaneous He and N2 washout curves revealed terminal falling He against continuous rising N2 without CO in COPD. This dissociation of slopes of alveolar plateaus was never seen in normal subjects when the usual amount of He bolus (200 ml) was introduced properly on RV. This offers the possibility of a unique, physiologically significant method to diagnose COPD indicating the disappearance of interregional non-homogeneity and the development of much more serious intraregional non-homogeneity with increased residual volume of poorly ventilated units.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of 99mTc-albumin distribution ratio in the cardiac chambers and lungs].
In order to assess blood volume of the cardiac chambers and lungs, distribution ratio of 99mTc-albumin (HSA) was obtained from radionuclide angiocardiogram and non-gated or gated equilibrium cardiac pool scintigram, using a scintillation camera coupled to a minicomputer. The radio-activity of 99mTc of the entire cardiac blood pool including the large vessels (T), the right ventricle including the right atrium (RV) and the left ventricle (LV) was calculated from the 30 degrees anterior oblique cardiac pool scintigram. That of the both lungs (Lu) was calculated from the anterior cardiac pool scintigram. The radioactivity of total injected dose of HSA (H) was estimated from the initial transit of the tracer obtained by the radionuclide angiocardiogram. Then, distribution ratio of HSA of the each region of interest was expressed as RV/H, LV/H, T/H and Lu/H. RV/H, LV/H and T/H were 3.4 +/- 0.6%, 3.1 +/- 0.5% and 10.4 +/- 2.0% in controls, 6.0 +/- 0.8%, 2.6 +/- 0.8% and 14.2 +/- 2.4% in cor pulmonale, and 7.9 +/- 1.7%, 7.7 +/- 3.5% and 20.7 +/- 4.3% in heart diseases with left heart failure, respectively. Lu/H was 4.9 +/- 1.4% in controls, 4.4 +/- 1.1% in cor pulmonale and 6.6 +/- 1.9% in heart diseases without left heart failure. LV/H was correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic volume by contrast ventriculography. LV/H and RV/H were related with functional classification of NYHA. In conclusion, these parameters may be utilized as indices of the volume of blood pool of the heart chambers and lungs, and this method seems to be clinically applicable for the evaluation of pathophysiology in heart diseases.
Adult↗
[A tetrapolar circuit method using magnetic field for biological resistivity measurement].
A local impedance and its change were measured using a tetrapolar circuit combined with magnetic eddy current generator. By this method, current distribution can be restricted to a desired part, so as to eliminate errors due to uncertainty of the resistance between the electrode and the skin. The resistivity of a substance in a biological model measured by this method was nearly equal to that of the substance separated from the model. Sensitivity and localization were assessed in the other model composed of a piece of metal plate in a saline pool. The detection sensitivity was validated theoretically. The localization of the impedance pulsatile waveforms, measured at the proximal part of the forearm, was consistent with that of the arteries at this part. These results suggest that this method using eddy current should expand the application area of bio-impedance measurements.
Electric Conductivity↗
[Studies of IgG subclasses of anti-erythrocyte antibodies contained in human plasma preparation products].
Anti-A and anti-B antibodies (1: 1-1: 1, 024) of IgM or IgG type of the titers 1: 1-1: 1, 024 were detected in all of the lots of heat-treated human plasma protein (38 Lots), albumin (15 Lots), factor VIII or IX products (9 Lots) and immune globulin preparations for intravenous use (IVIG) (20 Lots) examined. Twelve out of 20 lots of IVIG contained unexpected anti-erythrocyte antibodies of IgG type. Though IgG1 antibody was detected in all of these 12 lots, antibodies composed of all subclasses including IgG3 could be detected in only 8 lots of them, all showing the anti-erythrocyte antibody titer of IgG type over 1:64. Conversely, none of the lots, in which the titer was less than 1:32, contained IgG3 antibodies. A patient of chronic ITP, 28-year-old female of blood type A and Rh-positive, showed contradictive results between the main (A type) and the accessory test (O type) of red blood cell grouping, accompanied with hemolytic anemia, following intravenous high-dose immune globulin therapy (400 mg/kg x successive 5 days), which was attributable to the anti-A antibody of IgG type composed of IgG1,2,3,4 in the IVIG administered. For high dosage administration of human plasma preparation products, those containing only low titer of unexpected anti-erythrocyte antibody should be selected.
Adult↗
[A case of localized pleural tuberculosis exacerbated during antituberculous chemotherapy].
A 24 year-old male with pulmonary tuberculosis in right upper lobe developed two lesions of extrapulmonary pleural tuberculoma during the course of antituberculous therapy. He had no history of lung tuberculosis nor pleurisy. However, the chest X-ray film on first admission showed scattered nodular shadows in right upper lung field. He had no subjective symptoms and no abnormalities of laboratory findings except mild iron deficiency anemia, from which he recovered completely without specific therapy. Three months after starting the antituberculous therapy including SM, INH, and RFP, a new round homogeneous opacity appeared in the right lower lung field (S4). Chest CT scan revealed the lesions in S10 as well as in S4. Microscopic examination of the specimen obtained by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration biopsy disclosed positive acid-fast bacilli. Because of the lack of effect of drug therapy on pleural lesions, surgical treatment was performed. The visceral pleura was found adherent fibrously to parietal pleura, which was easily separated by hand. However, at the site of lesions, the adhesion was so tight that extrapleural resection was needed. Because lung tissue and tumor were connected tightly, the lung had to be partially resected. Most content of tumors were caseous necrosis. Although main lesion was located outside of the lung, intrapulmonary invasion was also noticed. Double lesions of this kind of disease seem to be very rare. There is no evidence of relapse until eight months after surgery.
Adult↗