[Usefulness of fat saturation technique for diagnosing small endometrial implant].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Okada
Publications and source records attributed to S Okada.
Scanning electron microscopic studies of the oral mucosa and its microvasculature: a review of the palatine mucosa and its microvascular architecture in mammals.
The present paper deals with the microvascular architecture of the palatine mucosa in primates, carnivorae, and rodentia utilizing microvascular corrosion castings and epithelium-separated specimens. The submucous vascular network is under-developed since the hard palatine mucosa was designated the mucoperiosteum, except some areas. The palatine venous plexus appears to show regional differences with animal species differences. The well-developed plexus is observed to be two-layered and may contribute to the process of regurgitation of rough food and assist in mastication with the palatine plicae. Formation and patterns of the arterial network in the lamina propria are in a close relation with connective tissue elements. The subepithelial capillary network constitutes an advanced base for the ascending crus of the capillary loop and its pattern is affected by the properties of the connective tissue papillae and the diverging fashion of the capillary loops. Capillary loops of the transverse palatine plica are arranged parallel to the sagittal axis and at right angles to the top line of each plica. Features of the capillary loops are characteristics in the top, the anterior and posterior slopes of the plica, respectively. High connective tissue papillae in both the anterior slope and plical top may be of a resistant form for mollifying exhaustion, affected by the periodicity and mastication function. Although it is difficult to elucidate the lamination of the palatine mucosa in histological slides, it was resolved by examination on its vascular architectures.
Animals↗
[Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies on chondroblastoma].
Six clinically and patho-histologically proven cases of chondroblastoma were studied with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. The tumor tissues of chondroblastoma exhibited biphasic pattern i.e., chondroid and cellular area. In the chondroid area, small and round tumor cells contained many filaments in the cytoplasm and small processes in the cell wall. Many glycogen granules were present in the tumor cells in some cases. Intercellular matrix was immunohistochemically positive for S-100 protein and showed fine collagen fibers were very similar to those of articular and epiphysial cartilage. Many portions of mitochondria, cell wall and matrix of chondroblastoma tissue clearly exhibited calcification but were not definitely ossification. In the cellular area, tumor cells were composed of small immature mesenchymal and clear large degenerated tumor cells, histiocytes with lysosomes and osteoclast-like multinuclear giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies in the cellular area revealed that there were many tumor cells positive for lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. In the transitional zone between chondroid and cellular area, degenerated tumor cells were found. The chondroblastoma was composed of chondroid and histiocytic areas which were very similar to those of chondromyxoid fibroma. The present study appears to demonstrate that chondroblastoma originates from a mixture of chondrocytic and histiocytic tumor cells but not from articular and epiphysial cartilage.
Adolescent↗
[Callus formation and microvascular regeneration during the fracture healing process in the rat femur].
Correlation between the callus formation and its microvascular regeneration during the fracture healing process in the rat femur was examined under SEM and TEM utilizing the plastic injection method. Stabilization of bony fragments was provided by a miniature external fixator. Normal periosteal microvasculature consisted of 2 layers. In the outer layer, arterioles and venules formed the course network. In the inner layer, capillaries were situated in contact with the compact bone, forming polygonal meshes. In the medulla, the central longitudinal artery gave rise to numerous arterioles, which communicated with sinusoidal capillaries. The proliferation of the internal layer of the periosteal capillary network was observed in the periosteal callus. It is revealed that the trabecular structure of the periosteal and medullary calluses depended on their microvascular architecture. The anastomoses of newly-formed capillaries at the fracture site started first from the outer layer of the periosteum extended to the medulla then finally to the inner layer of the periosteum.
Animals↗
Fetal cells in the maternal circulation: detection of Y-sequence by gene amplification.
Detection of a Y-specific sequence in the maternal circulation has clinical importance because it would be useful in determining fetal gender in mothers with severe X-linked disorders. The method described in this paper has the advantage of requiring only small amounts of maternal blood. Numerous attempts have been made to identify XY cells in the blood of mothers bearing male fetuses; however, the results have been controversial. In this study, a member of the DYZ1 family and the XY homologous region of the amelogenin gene were used as targets for polymerase chain reaction detection of the Y chromosome. The subjects in this study were a group of 100 pregnant women at 17-20 weeks' gestation and 30 puerperal women who had given birth 2-5 days previously. All of the former underwent amniocentesis, with venous blood samples drawn before the procedure. Forty-five fetuses were confirmed as male by karyotyping amniocytes, and 30 of these were positive for the Y sequence in the DYZ1 region (sensitivity 66.7%). However, ten of the 55 cases diagnosed as female were also positive, giving a specificity of only 81.8%. Thus, the positive and negative predictive values were each 75%. In the amelogenin gene study, a positive Y signal was not detected in any of the cases examined. This study demonstrates the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction detection of Y-specific sequences in the maternal circulation. However, further investigation is necessary to increase the reliability for clinical application, because the method does produce false-positive results.
Base Sequence↗
[Clinical and molecular biological study of Ph positive acute leukemia: comparison with blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and Ph negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
Eight cases of Philadelphia positive acute leukemia (Ph+AL) were compared with 13 cases of Ph+ chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (BC) and 10 cases of Ph negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) based on the clinical and molecular biological findings. Distinguishing clinical features were a high leukocyte count (median; 147.9 x 10(3)/microliters) for Ph+AL, and a high incidence of tumor formation and basophilia for BC. A cytogenetic study demonstrated the disappearance or marked reduction of Ph+ metaphases in Ph+AL in remission, while Ph+ cells persisted in BC. The major bcr gene was not rearranged in 4 Ph+AL cases, whereas it was found rearranged in 4 other cases of Ph+ AL and 6 cases of BC. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique demonstrated the presence of minor bcr/abl mRNA in the former three cases, and major bcr/abl mRNA in the latter 4 cases. Remission rates were 63% for Ph+AL, 38% for BC, and 100% for Ph-ALL, and the 50% survival were 12, 5 and 29 months, respectively. It was concluded that Ph+AL can be differentiated from BC by a marked reduction of Ph+ cells at remission, and that the prognosis of Ph+AL is better than BC, but worse than Ph-ALL.
Adolescent↗
Post-marketing surveillance of probucol (Sinlestal) in Japan.
We surveyed the efficacy and safety of probucol (Sinlestal) in 6,002 patients with hyperlipidemia during the past six years between Oct., 1984 and Sep., 1990. Probucol was usually administered for more than 8 weeks at a dose of 500 mg per day and effects on serum lipids and adverse drug events (ADEs) were investigated. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL) significantly decreased by 16-20%, 6-9% and 15-20% respectively. Further, LDL cholesterol (LDL) decreased by 15-19%. ADEs were reported in 2.7% (161/6,002 subjects), but severity was mild or moderate. In addition to survey in 6,002 patients, the effect on regression of xanthomas and safety in long-term administration of over one year was investigated in 44 and 142 patients, respectively. Regression of xanthoma was observed in 63.6% (28/44 subjects). Probucol was well tolerated in long-term administration. These PMS results showed probucol to possess good therapeutic efficacy and safety.
Adult↗
[Mu rhythm: clinical assessment of the atypical type].
Of 5,218 patients who received EEG examination at our laboratory during a 9-month period in 1989, 241 showed the 7-13 Hz arch-shaped activity originating from over the Rolandic area known as mu rhythm. These subjects were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1, 171 subjects showing typical mu rhythm, i.e., recorded during wakefulness and not affected by visual stimulation but blocked voluntary movements or tactile stimuli; and, Group 2, 70 subjects showing atypical mu rhythm, i.e., accentuated or activated by drowsiness, photic stimuli, or hyperventilation. No difference between the two groups was found with regard to frequency, amplitude or origin of the mu rhythm. Age distribution for Group 1 showed a peak between the ages of 6 and 15 (67.5%), while that for Group 2 peaked between the ages of 11 and 15 (35.7%) considering high incidence in older age range. There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to gender. Although both groups showed a high incidence of epilepsy, Group 2 showed higher incidence of intractable epilepsy (p less than 0.05), as well as of severe intracranial trauma and of organic brain disease. On EEG recorded among epileptic patients, paroxysmal discharge was more frequent in Group 2 (p less than 0.01), although no other difference between the two groups was observed. Atypical mu rhythm may indicate more severe epilepsy, and careful observation of patients with atypical mu rhythm is recommended.
Adolescent↗
Expression of truncated forms of the bovine growth hormone gene in cultured mouse cells.
A synthetic oligonucleotide, 5'-d(CTAGT-CTAGACTAG)-3' which encodes translational termination codons in three reading frames, was inserted into either exon IV (pbGH-4A) or V (pbGH-5A) of the bovine growth hormone gene. The resultant plasmids, under the transcriptional regulation of the mouse metallothionein 1 promoter, were introduced into cultured mouse L-cells or rat GH3 cells. Compared to wild type bGH RNA, bGH-specific RNA transiently expressed from pBGH-5A or pBGH-4A DNA in mouse L-cells was similar or slightly smaller in size, respectively. Unexpectedly, bGH-4A RNA lacked exon IV sequences. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that wild type bGH was localized to the Golgi apparatus, while truncated hormones were confined to the cytoplasmic compartment of transfected cells. In addition, truncated hormones were shown to be secretion-defective albeit the bGH signal peptide was efficiently and precisely processed. Thus, structural alterations in the bGH gene can dramatically affect bGH precursor mRNA processing and hormone localization within cultured mouse fibroblast or rat pituitary cells.
Animals↗
Differential usage of delta recombining element and V delta genes during T-cell ontogeny.
We analyzed the usage of the delta recombining element (delta Rec) and six V delta genes in cell samples from 15 patients with CD3- and 10 patients with CD3+ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an attempt to define the hierarchy of genetic events that is associated with the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha/delta gene complex during T-cell ontogeny. Based on the deletion patterns of these genes, we surmised their relative order on chromosome 14 to be as follows: 5'-V delta 4, V delta 6, V delta 1, V delta 5, delta Rec, V delta 2, D delta 1-3, J delta 1-3, C delta, V delta 3-3'. In agreement with previous reports, V delta 1 was found to be preferentially rearranged in CD3+ samples. In CD3- samples, V delta 2 and V delta 3 rearrangements were observed at a high frequency. Incomplete V delta D delta rearrangements using V delta 2 or V delta 3, which are closest to C delta, were observed in three patients with CD3- and one patient with CD3+. These results suggest that V delta 2- and V delta 3-(Dn)D delta 3 recombinations are among the earliest recombinational events. Delta Rec was observed to be rearranged to phi J alpha on one allele. In addition, delta Rec rearrangements to J delta 1 and J alpha close to phi J alpha were also demonstrated on three alleles and one allele, respectively. Delta Rec rearrangements to J delta and J alpha other than phi J alpha also inhibit expression of the TCR delta locus. Approximately half of the alleles with J delta rearrangements showed no involvement of known V delta or delta Rec, indicating the existence of other, yet-uncharacterized V delta or delta Rec-like segments.
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
Enrichment and characterization of murine hematopoietic stem cells that express c-kit molecule.
The proto-oncogene c-kit encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). The c-kit/SCF signal is expected to have an important role in hematopoiesis. A monoclonal antibody (ACK-2) against the murine c-kit molecule was prepared. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the bone marrow cells that expressed the c-kit molecule (approximately 5%) were B220(B)-, TER119(erythroid)-, Thy1negative-low, and WGA+. A small number of Mac-1(macrophage)+ or Gr-1(granulocyte)+ cells were c-kit-low positive. Colony-forming unit in culture (CFU-C) and day-8 and day-12 CFU-spleen (CFU-S) existed exclusively in the c-kit-positive fraction. About 20% of the Lin(lineage)-c-kit+ cells were rhodamine-123low and this fraction contained more day-12 CFU-S than day-8 CFU-S. On the basis of these findings, murine hematopoietic stem cells were enriched with normal bone marrow cells. One of two and one of four Thy-1lowLin-WGA+c-kit+ cells were CFU-C and CFU-S, respectively. Long-term repopulating ability was investigated using B6/Ly5 congenic mice. Eight and 25 weeks after transplantation of Lin-c-kit+ cells, donor-derived cells were found in the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood. In peripheral blood, T cells, B cells, and granulocyte-macrophages were derived from donor cells. Injection of ACK-2 into the irradiated mice after bone marrow transplantation decreased the numbers of day-8 and day-12 CFU-S in a dose-dependent manner. Day-8 spleen colony formation was completely suppressed by the injection of 100 micrograms ACK-2, but a small number of day-12 colonies were spared. Our data show that the c-kit molecule is expressed in primitive stem cells and plays an essential role in the early stages of hematopoiesis.
Animals↗
In vivo stem cell function of interleukin-3-induced blast cells.
The treatment of mice with high doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) results in an enrichment of primitive hematopoietic progenitors. Using this procedure, we obtained a new class of murine hematopoietic colonies that had very high secondary plating efficiencies in vitro and could differentiate into not only myeloid cells but also into lymphoid lineage cells. The phenotypes of interleukin-3 (IL-3) induced blast colony cells were Thy-1-positive and lineage-marker-negative. We examined whether these blast colony cells contained primitive hematopoietic stem cells in vivo and could reconstitute hematopoietic tissues in lethally irradiated mice. Blast colony cells could generate macroscopic visible spleen colonies on days 8 and 12, and 5 x 10(3) blast cells were sufficient to protect them from lethally irradiation. It was shown that 6 or 8 weeks after transplantation of 5 x 10(3) blast cells, donor male cells were detected in the spleen and thymus of the female recipients but not in the bone marrow by Southern blot analysis using Y-encoded DNA probe. After 10 weeks, bone marrow cells were partially repopulated from donor cells. In a congenic mouse system, donor-derived cells (Ly5.2) were detected in the thymus and spleen 6 weeks after transplantation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses showed that B cells and macrophages developed from donor cells in the spleen. In the thymus, donor-derived cells were found in CD4, CD8 double-positive, single-positive, and double-negative populations. Reconstitution of bone marrow was delayed and myeloid and lymphoid cells were detected 10 weeks after transplantation. These results indicate that IL-3-induced blast cells contain the primitive hematopoietic stem cells capable of reconstituting hematopoietic organs in lethally irradiated mice.
Animals↗
Monoclonal nature of transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down's syndrome.
Neonates with Down's syndrome occasionally show an excess of blasts in their peripheral blood. This disorder spontaneously resolves within several months and is called transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) or transient myeloproliferative disorder. It has been uncertain whether the excess of blasts in TAM is a result of a clonal proliferation or a polyclonal reactive condition. The clonality of cells in females can be examined by analysis of the methylation patterns of the X chromosomes of proliferating cells using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Using this strategy, we studied three females with Down's syndrome accompanied by TAM who showed heterozygosity in RFLP of either the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase or phosphoglycerate kinase gene. Analysis of the methylation patterns of these genes demonstrated a clonal nature for blasts in three patients. Thus, TAM is a clonal proliferative disorder. In addition, lymphocytes with a normal appearance contained in analyzed samples from these patients also showed a monoclonal pattern, suggesting that TAM may be a disorder of multipotent stem cells.
Bone Marrow↗
Differences between freshwater and seawater killifish (Oryzias latipes) in the accumulation and elimination of pentachlorophenol.
Freshwater and seawater acclimated (FWA and SWA) killifish (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP) for 3-10 days. Uptake and clearance rates of FWA and SWA killifish were determined. The estimated bioaccumulation factors (BCF) of PCP for FWA and SWA killifish were 1680 and 370, respectively. The smaller uptake rate and faster clearance rate resulted in the lower BCF for SWA killifish. Fresh- and seawater killifish excreted the PCP metabolites, the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of PCP; the major metabolite of freshwater killifish was PCP sulfate; for seawater acclimated fish, it was PCP glucuronide. The greater excretion of PCP glucuronide by seawater killifish may be responsible for the rapid elimination of PCP. PCP accumulation in killifish decreased with higher pH levels in both freshwater and seawater environments, but these differences were less than the effect of salinity. The results indicate that salinity can affect the accumulation and elimination of environmental pollutants in killifish.
Animals↗
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against feline infectious peritonitis virus type II and antigenic relationship between feline, porcine, and canine coronaviruses.
Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with neutralizing activity against feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1149 (type II) were prepared. When the polypeptide specificity recognized by these monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was investigated by Western immunoblotting, all of the MAbs reacted with peplomer glycoprotein (S) of the virus. By competitive binding assay these MAbs were found to recognize at least 3 different epitopes. The reactivity of these MAbs with 6 viruses classified as FIPV type I (UCD-1, UCD-2, UCD-3, UCD-4, NW-1, and Black), feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) type II strain 79-1683, canine coronavirus (CCV) strain 1-71, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) strains TO-163 and SH was examined by neutralization tests. All MAbs neutralized FECV strain 79-1683, CCV strain 1-71, and TGEV strains TO-163 and SH, while they did not neutralize the 6 FIPV type I viruses. Moreover, the MAb against TGEV strain TO-163, which has strong neutralizing activity against 7 TGEV viruses, neutralized CCV strain 1-71, FECV strain 79-1683, and FIPv strain 79-1146, but did not neutralize the 6 FIPV type I viruses. These results demonstrated that there are at least 3 epitopes involved in the neutralization of FIPV type II strain 79-1146, and that these epitopes are not present in FIPV type I viruses but are present in FECV strain 79-1683 which does not induce feline infectious peritonitis, TGEV strains TO-163 and SH, and CCV strain 1-71. These results suggest the presence of 2 serotypes of FIPV which can be clearly distinguished by the neutralization test using MAbs.
Animals↗
Uptake and metabolism of radiolabelled GM1-ganglioside in skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with GM1-gangliosidosis.
The uptake and metabolism of [3-3H-sphingosine]GM1-ganglioside was measured in cultured skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with infantile, juvenile and adult GM1-gangliosidosis. When dissolved in medium with phosphatidylserine, GM1-ganglioside was efficiently taken up by cultured skin fibroblasts and transferred into lysosomes. A linear increase in GM1-ganglioside endocytosis was shown with phosphatidylserine concentrations of up to 40 micrograms/ml. A pulse-chase study revealed that [3H]GM1-ganglioside was metabolized to GM2-ganglioside, GM3-ganglioside, ceramide dihexoside, ceramide monohexoside, ceramide and sphingosine. Sphingosine was recycled to sphingomyelin. In a 20-h pulse study, cell lines from patients with GM1-gangliosidosis of infantile, juvenile and adult types hydrolysed 2-5%, 20-44% and 54-58% of the total endocytosed GM1-ganglioside respectively. These values were lower than in control cells (64.17 +/- 5.43% (n = 10]. The hydrolysis rates of exogenous [3H]GM1-ganglioside in cultured fibroblasts from patients with various types of GM1-gangliosidosis closely reflected the clinical severity.
Cells, Cultured↗
Molecular study of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies in Japanese.
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Adolescent↗
Impairment of bone formation with aluminum and ferric nitrilotriacetate complexes.
The deleterious effects of aluminum(AL) and iron(Fe) on bone formation were studied in the presence of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) as a chelator. Both Al-NTA (1.0-1.5 mg Al/kg/day, n = 12)- and ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) (2.0 mg/kg/day, n = 4)-treated Wistar rats showed renal insufficiency blood urea nitrogen [BUN] levels of 25 +/- 8.8-20 +/- 0.7 compared to 12 +/- 0.7-11 +/- 0.4 mg/dl), osteomalacia with a relative osteoid volume of 31.5 +/- 5.6-13.2 +/- 2.4 compared to 4.6 +/- 1.8-0.83 +/- 0.12%, and bone growth retardation (3.1 +/- 0-3.0 +/- 0.2 compared to 3.4 +/- 0-3.3 +/- 0.1 cm) in 24 control rats. Dietary vitamin E(VE) supplementation prevented the Fe-NTA-induced impairment, but not the Al-NTA toxicity. Aluminum was deposited at the interface between osteoid and mineralized bone, while Fe was deposited in the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. There seems to be a positive correlation between hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia but carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) and calcium (Ca) levels in the serum were not related to the degree of osteomalacia. Administration of Al-NTA results in more bone Al deposition than that of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (450 +/- 40 compared to 211 +/- 18 mg/kg fat-free dry weight). The Fe-NTA bone change is related to VE-preventable cellular injury, being consistent with the notion that Fe-NTA toxicity is caused by lipid peroxidation. Al-NTA can be used as an animal model of renal osteodystrophy. Osteodystrophy by Al in chronic renal failure may be mediated by the intrinsic chelator or chelating substance(s) retained in the body fluid due to renal insufficiency.
Aluminum↗