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Biomedical subjects

S Ohwada

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohwada.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The effect of combination chemotherapy to adapted to chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, mitomycin C and cisplatin in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer].

We performed combination chemotherapy adapted to chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, mitomycin C and cisplatin in 11 patients with gastric cancer and 7 with colorectal cancer. Treatment consisted of a 5-day course of continuous arterial or intravenous infusion of 5-FU (500 mg/body/day), arterial or intravenous infusion of leucovorin (20 mg/body/day) at 6:00 p.m. on days 1-5, arterial or intravenous infusion of mitomycin C (2 mg/body) at 9:00 a. m. on day 5, and arterial or intravenous infusion of cisplatin (20-80 mg/body) at 6:00 p.m. on day 5. The effective rate against gastric cancer was 73%; however, the effective rate against colorectal cancer was 29%. During and after this therapy, there was only a little appetite loss, nausea and stomatitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Lymph node and peritoneum metastases of bile duct cancer responding to chronochemotherapy--a case report].

A 68-year-old man underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for bile duct cancer. The histological diagnosis was well differentiated, invasive type tubular adenocarcinoma, which was 2 x 2 cm in size and had invaded to the adventitia. Lymph node metastasis was not present. The postoperative course was uneventful, but lymph node and peritoneum metastases were detected 18 months after surgery. Chronochemotherapy of 5-FU (500 mg/body), leucovorin (21 mg/body), mitomycin C (2 mg/body) and cisplatin (80 mg/body) was performed without significant side effects. One course of chronochemotherapy was effective for lymph node and peritoneum metastases. The patient died of peritonitis carcinomatosa 10 months after recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

The effective dose of FR167653 in pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury may result in the local release of proinflammatory cytokines. FR167653 is a potent suppressant of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In a previous study, we reported the efficacy of FR167653 in canine ischemia-reperfusion models. In this report we investigated the dose of FR167653 effective in pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in a canine model. METHODS: Adult mongrel dogs, weighing 9 to 13 kg, were allocated into five groups. FR167653 was continuously infused (FR-A (n = 7): 1 mg/kg/hr; FR-B (n = 6): 0.5 mg/kg/hr; FR-C (n = 6): 0.1 mg/kg/hr; FR-D (n = 5): 0.05 mg/kg/hr) from 30 minutes prior to ischemia to 2 hours after reperfusion. In the control group (n = 7), a vehicle was given continuously. Warm ischemia was induced for 3 hours. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), left pulmonary vascular resistance (L-PVR), and cardiac output (CO) were measured. The lung was harvested for histologic study. RESULTS: SaO2 levels after 2 hours of reperfusion were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groups FR-A, B, C, and D than in the control group. Just after reperfusion, CO deterioration was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the control group than in the FR-treated groups, and the L-PVR level was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in groups FR-A, B, and C than in the control group. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the survival rates of groups FR-A and B and the control group. Histological damage was more severe in the control group than in the FR-treated groups. CONCLUSION: FR 167653 seems to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung dose-dependently.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The autocrine motility factor receptor gene encodes a novel type of seven transmembrane protein.

Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is a cell surface glycoprotein of molecular weight 78,000 (gp78), mediating cell motility signaling in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Here, we cloned the full-length cDNAs for both human and mouse AMFR genes. Both genes encode a protein of 643 amino acids containing a seven transmembrane domain, a RING-H2 motif and a leucine zipper motif and showed a 94.7% amino acid sequence identity to each other. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of AMFR with protein databases revealed no significant homology with all known seven transmembrane proteins, but a significant structural similarity to a hypothetical protein of Caenorhabditis elegans, F26E4.11. Thus, AMFR is a highly conserved gene which encodes a novel type of seven transmembrane protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Postoperative flow cytometry crossmatch in living donor liver transplantation: clinical significance of humoral immunity in acute rejection.

BACKGROUND: The role of humoral immunity in acute rejection in solid organ transplantation remains controversial, although it is known that the presence of antidonor antibodies may precipitate graft rejection. We investigated the clinical relevance of antidonor humoral immunity for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) by means of flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM). METHODS: T cell FCXM using fresh donor peripheral lymphocytes was performed before and up to 1 month after LDLT in 58 patients. Ten patients received ABO-incompatible grafts. IgM and IgG antidonor antibodies were analyzed in relation to clinical acute rejection as defined by liver function tests with or without histological evidence. RESULTS: Pretransplantation FCXM was positive for five patients (8.6%), resulting in two cases of positive posttransplantation FCXM and two rejection episodes. Twelve patients (20.7%) showed positive posttransplantation FCXM. The incidence of acute rejection within 1 month was 100% in FCXM-positive patients and 17.4% in FCXM-negative patients (P<0.001). Thirteen (76.5%) of 17 rejection episodes in ABO-compatible cases were associated with concomitant antidonor IgM antibody. IgG antibody was also identified in six of these episodes. Antidonor antibodies disappeared after rejection treatments in all cases, but with some delay in clinical improvement. On the other hand, no antidonor antibodies were detected in any of the four rejection episodes in ABO-incompatible cases. CONCLUSIONS: Early acute rejection in LDLT is significantly associated with antidonor T cell antibody formation in ABO-compatible cases. This suggests a definite role for donor-specific humoral immunity in acute rejection. Rejection episodes without antidonor antibodies may suggest graft injury by pure cellular immunity, or possibly the presence of humoral immunity triggered by antigens not present on donor T cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1999

The effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitor in hepatectomy with ischemia in dogs.

Activated neutrophils play an important role in reperfusion injury following hepatic ischemia. Neutrophil elastase is a powerful proteolytic enzyme. We investigated the possibility that ONO-5046. Na, which is a new recombinant-specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, can reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury in the canine liver. Adult mongrel dogs (n = 19) were used in this experimental study. Seventy-five percent of the liver was resected after 60 min of vascular occlusion. The animals were divided into two groups. The ONO group (n = 8) was given ONO-5046. Na dissolved in saline starting 30 min prior to clamping the hepatic inflow and continuing for 4 h after reperfusion at a rate of 10 mg/kg/h. The nontreatment group (n = 11) received a saline solution for the same period. ALT and LDH levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the ONO group than in the nontreatment group after reperfusion. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase and hyaluronic acid levels, which are markers of endothelial damage, were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the ONO group than in the nontreatment group after reperfusion. Histologically, widely spread hepatocyte necrosis was found in dogs in the nontreatment group that died prematurely. Neutrophil infiltration of the sinusoids was less evident in the ONO group than in the nontreatment group. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor may prevent injuries of both endothelial and parenchymal cells in extended hepatectomy with vascular occlusion.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1999

Jejunal pouch interposition after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: To improve the quality of life of patients undergoing gastrectomy, a nerve-conserving jejunal pouch was interposed after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) with vagal nerve preservation. We report the details of the operative technique and the outcome. METHODS: PPG with lymph node dissection was performed, preserving the hepatic, pyloric, and celiac branches of vagal nerve. The jejunum was cut approximately 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Marginal vessels were not divided in order to preserve the nerves in the jejunum that were used to construct the pouch. A linear stapler was used to perform a side-to-side jejunojejunostomy. A 12-cm-long pouch was formed by firing the stapler twice. The pouch was interposed between the residual parts of the stomach. Postoperatively, the patients were interviewed periodically. A dual-phase, dual-isotope radionucleid pouch-emptying study was performed 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients underwent the operation. No complication developed. During the first 6 months after surgery, the body weight of the patients was maintained at 91% of the preoperative level. The radioisotope retention rate for the combined pouch and residual stomach was 46% for liquid food and 76% for solid food 120 min after ingestion. The pattern of its emptying was similar to that in healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The pouch-emptying test demonstrated a satisfactory retention capacity and acceptable emptying for the gastric substitute. A reasonably good quality of life has been obtained for patients undergoing PPG with interposition of a nerve-preserving jejunal pouch.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Induction of a critical elevation of povidone-iodine absorption in the treatment of a burn patient: report of a case.

A critical elevation of povidone-iodine absorption which occurred in a burn patient who was topically treated with 10% povidone-iodine (PI) gel is herein reported. A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for deep second- and third-degree burns covering 26% of his total body surface area. The intravenous administration with lactated Ringer's solution and topical treatment with silver sulfadiazine were applied in addition to such treatments as debridement and skin grafting. However, wound infection occurred due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Topical treatment with PI gel was effective for this condition. Persistent nodal bradycardia with hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and renal failure occurred 16 days after the start of PI gel treatment. Iodine toxicosis caused by PI gel was suspected with a serum iodine level of 20600 microg/dl (normal range 2-9 microg/dl). The PI gel treatment was therefore discontinued immediately, and hemodialysis was scheduled. However, the patient's family refused hemodialysis and he died 44 days after admission. To our knowledge, only eight patients with iodine toxicosis have been reported in burn patients treated with PI gel.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

The effects of FK409 on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs.

FK409 is the first spontaneous nitric oxide (NO) donor known to increase plasma cyclic guanosine 3',5'monophosphate levels. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FK409 on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in an in situ warm ischemia canine model. Fourteen dogs were divided into two groups, and the FK409-treated group was given 5 micrograms/kg per min FK409. Warm ischemia was induced for 3 h. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), cardiac output (CO), left pulmonary vascular resistance (L-PVR), and endothelin-I (ET-I) were measured. A histologic study was performed, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were also counted. The PaO2, SaO2, and L-PVR levels and PMNs after 30 min of reperfusion, ET-I after 2 h of reperfusion, and the 7-day survival rate were significantly (P < 0.05) better in the FK409-treated group than in the control group. The histologic damage was reduced in the FK409-treated group compared to the control group. FK409 appears to have a protective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Factors impacting the survival of children with intestinal failure referred for intestinal transplantation.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze factors impacting on the survival of pediatric patients with intestinal failure referred for intestinal transplantation (ITx). METHODS: Two hundred fifty-seven children (mean age, 3.4+/-0.26 years) with intestinal failure were evaluated for ITx between 1990 and 1998. All patients were dependent on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for a mean of 31+/-2.7 months. The mean follow-up time from the date of evaluation was 9.2+/-0.9 months. RESULTS: Eighty-two (32%) children underwent ITx with a mean waiting time of 10.1+/-1.3 months (simultaneous liver-intestinal allograft in 68% instances). Of the 175 patients who did not undergo transplantation, 120 died, 23 were lost to follow-up, and 32 are alive. Younger patients (< or =1 year) had poorer survival rates than patients older than 1 year (P<.0001). The patients with the worse prognosis were those with necrotizing enterocolitis, and those with the best prognosis were those with Hirschsprung's disease. Patients with "surgical" causes had poorer survival rates than those with "nonsurgical" causes (P<.04). Patients with bridging fibrosis or established cirrhosis had an earlier mortality than patients with portal fibrosis (P<.003). The worst survival rate was found for patients with bilirubin levels of greater than 3 mg/dL (P<.0001), plateletcounts less than 100.000/mL (P<.0001), prothrombin time greater than 15 seconds (P = .03) or partial thromboplastin time greater than 40 seconds (P<.04). Children who at the time of evaluation needed only an isolated intestinal allograft had a better prognosis than those who required a combined liver-intestine allograft (P<.00001). With multivariate analysis independent prognosis risk factors of poor outcome were hyperbilirubinemia and severity of histopathologic damage. CONCLUSIONS: Early referral for ITx should occur before the development of liver dysfunction, taking into consideration the aforementioned risk factors that would facilitate the development and ominous evolution to liver failure.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

The effects of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046.Na) and neutrophil depletion using a granulotrap (G-1) column on lung reperfusion injury in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Activated neutrophils are reported to be closely involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. We investigated the beneficial effects of a new recombinant specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, ONO-5046.Na, and an extracorporeal-type granulotrap (G-1) column on ischemia-reperfusion lung injury, by using an in situ warm lung ischemia model in dogs. METHODS: Warm ischemia was induced for 3 hours by clamping the pulmonary arteries and veins. The left main bronchus was bisected and reanastomosed prior to reperfusion. The left lung was collapsed for 3 hours. A total of 27 adult mongrel dogs were divided into three groups: the control group (n = 9) treated with a saline vehicle; the ONO group (n = 9), in which ONO-5046.Na was continuously administrated from before induced ischemia and to ending 2 hours after reperfusion; and the G-1 group (n = 9), in which a G-1 column was applied for 90 minutes starting 30 minutes before reperfusion under passive bypass support. RESULTS: Circulating neutrophils in the G-1 group decreased significantly (p<.05) compared to preischemia, and significantly decreased compared with the other groups after reperfusion. Oxygenation was improved actually and pulmonary vascular resistance was kept lower level after the administration of ONO-5046.Na. The increase of lung weight was significantly ameliorated in both the G-1 and ONO groups. In the histopathological study, lungs from the control group demonstrated diffuse alveolar edema, neutrophil infiltration, massive alveolar exudate and hemorrhage, and thickening of the interstitium. Lungs from the G-1 group showed mild swelling of the alveolar wall and neutrophil infiltration. Lungs from the ONO group showed virtually no abnormalities. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that a neutrophil elastase inhibitor and neutrophil depletion prevented lung reperfusion injury. These treatments may prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury in lung transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of FR167653 on small bowel ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs.

IL-1 and TNF-alpha are known to be pleiotropic cytokines associated with various inflammatory conditions such as small intestinal injury after ischemia-reperfusion. FR167653 has been characterized as a potent suppressant of IL-1 and TNF-alpha production. The effect of FR167653 on intestinal reperfusion injury was investigated in a warm ischemia model of the canine gut. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: a control group and a FR group to which FR167653 was administered. Both the superior mesenteric artery and vein were clamped for 2 hr. Arterial pH, hepatic venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation, intramucosal pH, and the survival rate were well maintained in the FR group in comparison with the control group after reperfusion. FR167653 inhibited the expression of IL-1beta mRNA. Histologically, ischemia-reperfusion injury was more severe in the control group than the FR group. This study suggests that FR167653 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Natural history of fibroadenomas based on the correlation between size and patient age.

BACKGROUND: Several recent studies have reported that most fibroadenomas remain static or regress when they are managed conservatively; however, no such studies have evaluated the breast disorder in Japanese women. To understand the natural history of fibroadenomas in Japanese women, we examined the correlation between the sizes of the fibroadenomas and the women's age. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients (age range, 17-51 years; mean, 33.9 years) with histologically confirmed fibroadenoma were enrolled in this study. The sizes of the excised fibroadenomas were analyzed in relation to the women's ages. RESULTS: The fibroadenomas decreased significantly in size (Y, mm) with patient age (X, years) (P = 0.0012) according the equation Y = -0.340X + 27.0 (95% confidence limits for the slope, -0.139 to -0.540). From this equation, the mean sizes of the fibroadenoma in women aged 20, 30 and 40 years were expected to be 20.2 mm (95% confidence interval, 16.2-24.2 mm), 16.8 mm (95% confidence interval, 10.8-22.8 mm) and 13.4 mm (95% confidence interval, 5.4-21.4 mm), respectively. The mean annual decrease in the size of the fibroadenomas was 0.340 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that in Japanese women fibroadenomas increase in size more frequently in younger than in older women. Moreover, it is speculated that most fibroadenomas might stop growing when they reach an approximate maximum diameter of 20 mm, after which time they might remain static or regress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Uterine cervix metastasis from rectal carcinoma: a case report and a review of the literature.

A 59-year-old woman underwent a radical hysterectomy for a metastatic uterine cervix tumor caused by rectal carcinoma, which had been previously resected. Metastatic carcinoma from the large bowel to the uterus is rare. A total of 48 patients (including nine Japanese patients) with metastasis from the large bowel to the uterus were reviewed. The metastatic site of the uterus was the cervix in 27 cases and the corpus in 18. The interval between primary carcinoma and the secondary diagnosis was 17 months. The mean survival after the diagnosis of the secondary deposit was 11 months. Our patient died of lymph node, lung, local and bone metastases 7 months after the diagnosis of the secondary deposit.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Increased choline kinase activity in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon cancer.

Cancer cells acquire particular characteristics that benefit their proliferation. We previously reported that human colon cancers examined had increased choline kinase activity and phosphocholine levels. The elevated phosphocholine levels were in part due to both activation of choline kinase and increased choline kinase alpha protein levels. In this report, we analyzed choline kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to produce phosphocholine, in rat 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. This study is the first to demonstrate increased choline kinase alpha enzymatic activity, protein levels, and mRNA levels in DMH-induced colon cancer as well as human colon cancer, although phosphocholine was not increased in DMH-induced rat cancer. The increase in the mRNA level was partly due to an increase in the transcription of the choline kinase alpha gene. The increased choline kinase activity may be a specific characteristic acquired by cancer cells that benefits their proliferation.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1999

Increased choline kinase activity and elevated phosphocholine levels in human colon cancer.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has detected elevated phosphocholine levels in human tumor tissues and cells, and in cells that were transformed with the activated Ha-ras gene and stimulated in vitro with growth-promoting factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and phorbol ester. However, the mechanism of the elevation and the function of the increased phosphocholine levels have not been clearly demonstrated. We studied phosphocholine levels enzymatically and analyzed the activity of choline kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to produce phosphocholine, in human colon cancer and adenoma. Both choline kinase activity and phosphocholine levels were increased in colon cancer and adenoma tissue. The activation of choline kinase and the increased levels of choline kinase alpha were partly responsible for the elevated phosphocholine levels. This study suggests that choline kinase might play a role in growth promotion or signal transduction in carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Amplification of c-myc in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with clinicopathologic features, proliferative activity and p53 overexpression.

Expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc has been implicated in liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis. The biologic significance of c-myc gene amplification in human hepatocellular carcinoma, however, is unconfirmed. We correlated c-myc gene amplification with clinicopathologic features, proliferative activity, and p53 expression in 42 resected tumors. c-myc amplification in tumor tissue was determined using a differential polymerase chain reaction, a useful procedure for the evaluation of gene amplification in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, in comparison with a dopamine D2 receptor gene. Proliferative activity was estimated by numbers of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and immunohistochemical nuclear labeling rates using a monoclonal antibody against Ki-67. The c-myc gene was amplified in 14 of 42 tumors (33.3%). Amplification of c-myc was more frequent in younger patients and in larger tumors, and less differentiated tumors. No correlation was noted with alpha-fetoprotein level or viral hepatitis state. The amplification showed positive correlation with both proliferative activity and p53 overexpression. Disease-free survival in patients showing c-myc amplification was significantly shorter than in those without amplification. These results suggest that c-myc amplification is an indicator of malignant potential and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. c-myc amplification and p53 alteration may be coparticipating events in the progression of these tumors.

Adult↗