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Biomedical subjects

S Ohtani

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohtani.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Myocardial structure in volume-overloaded hearts before and after valve replacement.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological characteristics of left ventricular muscle in volume-overloaded hearts. A preoperative biopsy was obtained in 31 patients: 14 with mitral regurgitation, 14 with aortic regurgitation and 3 with mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation. Postoperative tissue samples were available in 15 patients. Histological findings were correlated with echocardiographic and angiographic data before (preop) and one year after (postop) operation. Myocardial cell diameter was correlated with both the end-diastolic (r = 0.77, p less than 0.01) and end-systolic (r = 0.78, p less than 0.01) dimensions of the left ventricle, but was inversely correlated with the end-diastolic wall thickness-to-radius (h/R) ratio (r = -0.71, p less than 0.01). Percent fibrosis increased proportionally to the diameter (r = 0.42, p less than 0.05). For one year after operation, echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions and angiographic left ventricular volumes were significantly reduced (p less than 0.05), but in some patients postoperative values remained greater than normal. With regard to left ventricular morphology, myocardial cell diameter and interstitial fibrosis decreased significantly after valve replacement (p less than 0.05). However, the myocardial fiber remained hypertrophied and interstitial fibrosis remained above normal after surgery. Thus, postoperative ventricular dilatation was dependent upon the degree of myocardial fiber hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1986

Prophylactic efficacy of immune serum globulin against hepatitis A.

A remarkable decline in the morbidity of hepatitis A was observed in the members of the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) following inoculation of these volunteer workers with human immune serum globulin (ISG) once every 4-6 months, a program which was started in 1981 on a voluntary basis. The morbidity rate of hepatitis A declined from 3.5% in 1980 to 0.6% in 1983 and 1984. A significant difference in the morbidity of hepatitis A was observed among those who were not. In addition to precautions about drinking water and fresh or uncooked foods, inoculation with ISG for the prophylaxis against hepatitis A is recommended when non-immune subjects from a developed country travel to or stay in developing countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Two cases of paragangliomas of the cauda equina--case reports and review of the literature].

Paragangliomas are tumors arising in the paraganglia and rarely occurring in the cauda equina. We report two cases of paraganglioma arising in this region. The tumors exhibited a typical "Zellballen" pattern, and immunohistochemical studies were positive for neuron-specific enolase, but negative for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Electron microscopic studies confirmed electron-dense neurosecretory types of granules in the tumor cells. Only 23 cases of paragangliomas in this region have been previously reported. A brief review of the literature is included.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1984

Surgical implications of the pathophysiology of advanced valvular heart disease.

The pathophysiology of advanced valvular heart disease and its clinical implications were analyzed. The study was undertaken primarily on 153 recent patients with implantation of central flow valves. The operative mortality rate was 3.9%, with deaths except one related to LOS. There was a higher incidence of LOS in left ventricular volume-overloaded hearts, and a much higher incidence in patients associated with TR: 70% of TR cases with RVEDP higher than 15 mmHg developed LOS. Cardiac contractile reserve proved to be useful index for predicting immediate postoperative and long-term results; less favorable results were indicated in patients with PWE below 10 mm even after epinephrine infusion. In volume-overloaded hearts, the muscle cell diameter of the left ventricle increased proportionally to the dimension of the left ventricle, with interstitial fibrosis representing irreversible morphological change. Patients with a prolonged indocyanine green disappearance rate showed fibrosis of the liver and were complicated more frequently by LOS, hepatic and renal disturbance and increased mortality. Patients with cardiac cachexia were liable to develop LOS postoperatively, and preoperative GIK therapy appeared to be effective in improving depressed metabolism and hemodynamics, except in patients with severe TR.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pretreatment with antigen or adjuvant, and the preventability of allergic encephalomyelitis induced by basic protein with synthetic muramyl dipeptide in comparison with Freund's complete adjuvant.

Protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was examined by prior injection of following materials with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc), synthetic muramyl dipeptide (Mdp), polyinosinate-polycytidylate (poly IC), or myelin basic protein (BP). 26 days later, guinea pigs received encephalitogenic challenge in the form of 20 micrograms BP + 20 micrograms Tbc in FIA (BP + Tbc) or 20 micrograms BP + 10 micrograms Mdp in FIA (BP + Mdp). (1) Either pretreatment with Mdp, poly IC or FIA alone showed no protecting effects. (2) Tbc/FIA was not effective on challenge with BP + Mdp, but effective on challenge with BP + Tbc, and produced passive hemagglutinating (PH) antibodies of moderate titer and and complement fixing (CF) antibodies of higher titer. (3) BP/FIA was effective on both BP + Tbc and BP + Mdp challenges, and produced PH antibodies of higher titer than that of CF antibodies. (4) Clinicopathological survey revealed that the challenge with BP + Mdp was blocked perfectly by prior injection with BP/FIA whereas the challenge with BP + Tbc was incompletely blocked by either Tbc/FIA or BP/FIA pretreatment. (5) The finding was verified also by cerebrospinal fluid cell count at the termination of clinical observation. As compared with FCA, Mdp adjuvant itself has no antigenic component, which seems to explain the results in this study.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1983

Effect of increasing dietary energy on hepatic lipogenesis in growing chicks. I. Increasing energy by carbohydrate supplementation.

The effect of the increasing the energy content of the diet by supplementation with increasing amounts of carbohydrate on hepatic lipogenesis and the activities of associated enzymes of liver was examined in force-fed growing chicks. Hepatic lipogenesis and the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP-MDH)-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40) and citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8) in liver were significantly increased as dietary metabolizable energy (ME) increased by supplementation of carbohydrate. Triglyceride content in liver significantly increased as dietary ME increased by supplementation of carbohydrate. The results demonstrated a positive correlation between hepatic fatty acid synthesis and the activities of NADP-malate dehydrogenase and citrate cleavage enzyme in liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of increasing dietary energy on hepatic lipogenesis in growing chicks. II. Increasing energy by fat or protein supplementation.

The effect of increasing the energy content of the diet through supplementation of various levels of fat or protein on hepatic lipogenesis and activities of associated enzymes of liver was examined in force-fed growing chicks. Hepatic lipogenesis was significantly decreased as the dietary metabolizable energy level was increased through supplementation of fat or protein. The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) (EC 1.1.1.40) in liver was higher (P less than .01) in chicks fed diets containing the lowest energy level. The activity of citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8) in liver was significantly depressed as the dietary metabolizable energy level increased through supplementation of fat, whereas increasing the dietary metabolizable energy level through protein supplementation resulted in a significant increase in citrate cleavage enzyme activity in liver. Nonesterified fatty acid concentration in serum was significantly increased as the dietary metabolizable energy level was increased through supplementation of fat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of ara-A on the experimental herpes simplex virus encephalitis--pathology and fluctuation of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibody levels].

The effect of Ara-A treatment on the experimentally induced herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis in rabbits was examined. Simultaneously practical value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for rapid diagnosis was tested to find an early rise of antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in connection with an adoption of Ara-A administration. HSV encephalitis was produced by inoculation with type-1 HSV into the bilateral corneas of the eyes. A large amount of pus and typical neurological signs characteristic to encephalitis appeared after several days of infection. Ara-A therapy begun at the 3rd day of infection clearly increased the survival rate (90%) and improved the clinical signs, but the start of the drug at the 6th day could only increase the survival rate (60%) without cure of the clinical symptoms. ELISA could catch the early rise of IgG antibody in CSF from 3-4 days and in serum from 4-6 days after infection. Ara-A didn't interfere the antibody production. Viral antigens were found in the corneal epithelia and propria, neurons and Schwann's cells of trigeminal ganglia, neurons and glial cells of pons and cerebrum, especially in hippocampal nuclei. Typical Cowdry A and full type intranuclear inclusion bodies in the neurons were observed in the above tissues with infiltration of large amount of small round cells. In conclusion, Ara-A therapy in HSV encephalitis at the early stage of infection was quite effective for cure and the ELISA method is a useful tool for detection of early antibody rise in CSF and serum.

Animals↗