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Biomedical subjects

S Ohtani

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohtani.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Histological changes in bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle.

Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from 46 normally cyclic heifers at known stages of their estrous period to show precise characteristic changes. These tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The following histological changes were observed during the estrous cycle. Metrorrhagia was observed on Days 0 to 1 (estrus = Day 0). Mitoses in glandular epithelium occurred on Day 5. Basal vacuolation in the surface epithelium occurred on Days 5 to 6. Leukocyte invaded the functional layer on Day 7. Stromal mitoses were observed on Days 9 to 12. The results indicate that clincians need to be aware that histological evaluation is important for the diagnosis of endometrial function and that biopsy is useful for this purpose.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Cellular stress- and transformation-associated cell surface antigens expressed on human and rodent tumor cells.

Stress-induced proteins may have significant roles in anti-tumor resistance. To clarify the immunobiological roles of these proteins, we first developed monoclonal antibody (mAb) H1A that detects the HeLa cell-surface antigens whose expression was enhanced by treatment of the cells with physico-chemical stressors, such as heat, H2O2 and tumor necrosis factor. H1A (IgM) detects several molecules with mol. wt. 30, 43, 75, 90, 100, 120 and 150 kDa in Western blot analysis of HeLa cell lysates. Although the antigen was constitutively expressed on the HeLa cell surface, the cell-surface expression of H1A-defined antigen was rapidly enhanced (within 1 h) after heat treatment of HeLa cells. H1A antigens were also transformation-associated, since 1) the activated oncogene-transformed fibroblasts expressed the antigens, but parental nontransformed cells did not, and 2) certain human neoplastic but not normal cells strongly expressed the antigens. Furthermore, H1A mAb also partly blocked the cytotoxicity of purified protein derivatives-stimulated human T cell receptor gamma delta-type T cells towards HeLa cells. Taken together, these data indicate that H1A-defined stress-inducible proteins may play a vital role in anti-tumor resistance by cytotoxic T cells.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Implications of delayed image on simultaneous thallium-201/technetium-99m pyrophosphate dual emission computed tomography early after acute myocardial infarction.

This study aimed investigate whether thallium-201 and technetium-99m pyrophosphate dual rest-redistribution emission computed tomography early after intracoronary thrombolysis may provide supplementary information for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Fifty patients who received intracoronary thrombolysis underwent simultaneous dual emission computed tomography 3 days after first acute myocardial infarction. All patients who had a technetium-99m pyrophosphate accumulation were selected. Thallium-201/technetium-99m pyrophosphate overlap in the initial and delayed images early after intracoronary thrombolysis identified successful recanalization with sensitivities of 68% and 90% (p < 0.05), specificities of 47% 79% (p < 0.05), positive predictive accuracies of 68% and 88%, negative predictive accuracies of 47% and 80% (p < 0.05), and overall accuracy of 60% and 86% (p < 0.01), respectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the change in thallium-201 uptake from the initial image to the delayed image on dual emission computed tomography: 20 patients had no change in thallium-201 uptake (fixed type), 16 had increases in thallium-201 uptake (redistribution type), and 14 had decreases in thallium-201 uptake (reverse redistribution type). The number of patients with successful recanalization was significantly higher in the redistribution type than in the other types (redistribution type vs reverse redistribution type or fixed type; p < 0.01, respectively). In the redistribution type a frequency of reinfarction in the same infarcted area during the hospital course was significantly higher than in the other types (redistribution type vs reverse redistribution type or fixed type; p < 0.05, respectively), which was mainly due to the patients having high grade residual stenosis. Thus, a thallium-201/technetium-99m pyrophosphate overlap in the delayed image early after acute myocardial infarction can be used as an index for predicting successful early recanalization and probably viable myocardium. In addition, the redistribution patterns on thallium-201 emission computed tomography early after intracoronary thrombolysis can be helpful in identifying patients with successful early recanalization and a high risk subset.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase in various thyroid disorders.

The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. The concentrations of both SODs in those tissues were measured also by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Copper/zinc-SOD in thyroid tissues were identified by immunocytochemical staining in most cases of papillary carcinoma and in some cases of other thyroid disorders. In normal follicular cells this enzyme is localized in the perinuclear cytoplasm, whereas in thyroid tumor or hyperplastic follicular cells it exists homogeneously in cytoplasm. Manganese-SOD stained strongly in papillary carcinoma and papillary-growing cells in the thyroid tissue of adenoma and Graves' disease. The concentrations of Cu/Zn-and Mn-SOD in thyroid tumor tissues and hyperplastic follicular disorders were significantly higher than those in normal thyroid tissue when they were compared as a function of protein or deoxyribonucleic acid contents. The ratio of Mn-SOD to Cu/Zn-SOD was significantly higher only in papillary carcinoma, except for other thyroid disorders as compared with that in the normal thyroid. In conclusion, SOD seems to be related to cell proliferation and differentiation in the thyroid follicular cell because Cu/Zn-SOD changes its localization in tumor and hyperplastic follicular cells and because the Mn-SOD concentration is increased in papillary carcinoma or papillary-growing cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Surgical stress induces the secretion of alpha human atrial natriuretic peptide].

The changes in plasma alpha-hANP level and the factors affecting its secretion were studied in 35 patients treated by surgery for gastrointestinal disease (laparotomy group, 17) and (non-laparotomy group, 18). They did not have any particular complication during the study period. alpha-hANP, catecholamine (CA), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined serially before and after the surgery. Plasma alpha-hANP level elevated on the post-operative day 1 and dropped to the upper limit of the normal range by the day 3, then gradually recovered to the level of before surgery. This early elevation of alpha-hANP was more marked in the laparotomy group than in the non-laparotomy group. These change in alpha-hANP level correlated well to those of CA, but not to those of ADH, aldosterone, and PRA. Age, sex, duration of surgery, bleeding and infusion volume during surgery did not affect the difference in alpha-hANP secretion between the two groups. In conclusion, the early elevation of plasma alpha-hANP level was correlated well to the surgical stress, and that this alpha-hANP secretion might be induced by CA secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Physiologic capacity of well-developed collaterals in patients with isolated left anterior descending artery disease.

To assess the physiologic significance of well-developed collaterals, 34 patients, with isolated left anterior descending artery disease (LAD) and without overt prior myocardial infarction, underwent cardiac catheterization and exercise thallium-201 emission computed tomography. The patients were divided into 3 groups; 11 patients with 90% stenosis of the proximal LAD and without collaterals (group 1), 11 with 99% stenosis of the proximal LAD, and without collaterals (group 2) and 12 with a total occlusion of the proximal LAD which was completely filled by well-developed collaterals (group 3). On left ventriculography, shortening fractions of the anterior wall were significantly reduced in group 2 as compared to group 1 and 3 (group 1 vs group 2: p less than 0.01, group 2 vs group 3: p less than 0.05), which reflected the lower ejection fraction of group 2 (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The perfusion defects of the anterior wall on both the initial and the delayed images were severer in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 (group 1 vs group 2 and group 1 vs group 3 on the initial image: p less than 0.01, for both, group 1 vs group 2 and group 1 vs group 3 on the delayed image: p less than 0.05, for both). However, recovery of the perfusion defects from the initial image to the delayed image was better in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (group 1 vs group 2 and group 1 vs group 3: p less than 0.05, for both). Therefore, coronary blood flow through well-developed collaterals was considered to be comparable to the flow through a diseased vessel with 90% stenosis at rest. During maximal exercise, blood flow through well-developed collaterals was considered to be comparable to the flow through a diseased vessel with 99% stenosis, although the blood flow through well-developed collaterals was considered to be better than that through 99% stenosis during the recovery period. These findings suggest that patients with well-developed collaterals must be treated like those with severe stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Circadian fluctuations of tissue plasminogen activator antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigens in vasospastic angina.

To elucidate the circadian variation of fibrinolytic components in vasospastic angina, plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA), free plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen (free PAI-1), t-PA/PAI-1 complex, and total PAI-1 were measured in venous plasma samples. Samples were taken every 6 hours (6:00 AM, noon, 6:00 PM, and midnight) for 24 hours in 14 patients with vasospastic angina, in 9 patients with exertional angina, and in 19 normal subjects. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring (Holter monitor, Del Mar Avionics, Irvine, Calif.) was also carried out in all subjects. All of the fibrinolytic components showed circadian variation, with a peak level at 6:00 AM in every study group except for the t-PA/PAI-1 complex in the group of patients with exertional angina. The values for all or the fibrinolytic components at each sampling time were higher in patients with coronary artery disease than in normal subjects. In particular, the mean value of free PAI-1 at 6:00 AM in patients with vasospastic angina was significantly higher than that in normal subjects and that in patients with exertional angina. This value of free PAI-1 in patients with vasospastic angina was closely associated with the duration of ischemic attacks. These results suggested that the circadian fluctuation of fibrinolytic components may be an important factor that leads to coronary thrombosis at the time of coronary spasm, especially in the early morning.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Cushing's syndrome induced by hypersecretion of cortisol from only one of bilateral adrenocortical tumors.

A case of Cushing's syndrome induced by the unilateral (right side) dominance of cortisol secretion in the face of bilateral adrenal tumors is reported. The adrenal tumor resected on the right side was a so-called black adenoma and histologically without any findings of nodular hyperplasia. After resection of the adrenal adenoma, no findings of cortisol hypersecretion from the remaining adrenal tumor on the left side were observed until the present, suggesting that the tumor of the left adrenal gland is a nonfunctioning adenoma. These data imply that the adrenal adenomas have primarily developed from the adrenal gland itself, rather than from micronodular hyperplasia by corticotropin stimulation, and that one of these tumors produces excess hormones initially by corticotropin stimulation, but the other remains in cell proliferation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Effects of pantethine on lipogenesis and CO2 production in the isolated hepatocytes of the chick (Gallus domesticus).

1. Isolated hepatocytes from chicks were used to study the effects of pantethine supplementation to incubation medium on in vitro lipogenesis, CO2 production and beta-oxidation of fatty acid. 2. In vitro lipogenesis, determined by the incorporation of 1-[14C]acetate into total lipid and various lipid fractions, as depressed in concordance with the increase of pantethine concentration in the medium. 3. Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with pantethine resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase. 4. The results suggest that in vitro fatty acid synthesis from 1-[14C]acetate was depressed and CO2 production was elevated in hepatocytes of chicks through pantethine addition to the medium at a low level.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal myoelectric activity and contractile motility in dogs with a reversed jejunal segment after extensive small bowel resection.

To evaluate the functioning and effectiveness of a reversed jejunal segment after extensive small bowel resection, we continuously measured the postoperative bowel motility (using bipolar electrodes and/or contractile strain gage force transducers) in interdigestive and postprandial conscious dogs at 2 to 5 weeks after surgery. The fasting duodenal migrating myoelectric (or motor) complex (MMC) occurred at markedly longer intervals in dogs with a 20-cm reversed jejunal segment created after 75% to 80% extensive small bowel resection (group 3) than in dogs that received extensive resection alone (group 2) or dogs that underwent construction of a reversed jejunal segment without bowel resection (group 1). The MMC arising from the duodenum was often interrupted at the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis and did not migrate smoothly to the reversed segment or terminal ileum in group 3. In addition, brief small discordant contractions were frequent in the reversed segment and the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis in group 3. The duration of the postprandial period without duodenal MMC activity was significantly prolonged in groups 2 and 3. These results suggest that the transit time and passage of intestinal contents were delayed and that the periodical MMC was disturbed in group 3. The delay of transit time was due to prolongation of the interval between duodenal MMCs, the interruption of MMC propagation at the jejunum above the proximal anastomosis, the dominance of MMCs that followed the inherent anatomical continuity of the bowel, and discordant movements across the proximal anastomosis. Functional obstruction could be a potential problem in a 20-cm reversed jejunal segment inserted after extensive small bowel resection.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Presence of an 80 kilodalton protein, cross-reacted with monoclonal antibodies to pulmonary surfactant protein A, in the human middle ear.

We report the presence of a middle ear protein that has the same epitope as human surfactant protein A. Monoclonal antibodies (PC-6 and PE-10) against human pulmonary surfactant protein A stained faint granules of the mucosal epithelial cell cytoplasm in the orifice of the eustachian tube immunohistochemically. These antibodies also reacted with middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media with effusion by dot immunoassay, and recognized an 80 kd protein by Western blot analysis. These findings indicate that a protein immunoreactive with PC-6 and PE-10 occurs in the mucosal epithelial cells of the middle ear, and is also present in middle ear effusion. It is therefore likely that this 80 kd protein might be secreted from the mucosal epithelial cells to the middle ear cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Estimation of age from a tooth by means of racemization of an amino acid, especially aspartic acid--comparison of enamel and dentin.

In a study of age estimation from teeth by means of measuring racemization of aspartic acid (Asp), a representative amino acid, the accuracy of data from enamel and dentin in the same tooth was compared. The correlation of D/L ratio of aspartic acid with actual age gave the following parameters: r = 0.928, sigma = +/- 5.2, k = 4.47 x 10(-4) yr-1 in enamel and r = 0.995, sigma = +/- 1.4, k = 5.75 x 10(-4) yr-1. The difference in ages between one estimated by the D/L ratio and the actual one was within +/- 3 years in dentin, while in enamel an error of from 2 to 11 years was observed. Reaction rate constants of the racemization in a dry postmortem state (15 degrees C) were calculated as k = 9.70 x 10(-8) yr-1 in enamel, and k = 1.33 x 10(-7) yr-1 in dentin. Compared to rates determined from teeth recently extracted from living subjects, the rate was higher in dentin than in enamel. These data reconfirmed that dentin is superior to enamel in making exact age estimations from teeth.

Adult↗