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Biomedical subjects

S Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohta.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Polidocanol sclerotherapy for simple renal cysts.

Simple renal cysts were treated by aspiration and injection of the sclerosing agent 3% polidocanol (Aetoxisclerol) in 15 patients. All patients were followed up by ultrasound for 1-24 months. The age ranged from 35 to 81 years. There was 1 recurrence at 1 month. The efficacy of this treatment was 93%. Fourteen cysts completely disappeared, and no recurrence occurred after 1 year. Complications, such as microscopic hematuria, fever and infection, were not observed. The technique of polidocanol sclerotherapy was effective and safe.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Basic studies on 5-(7-hydroxy-3-O-phosphonocholyl)aminosalicylic acid for the evaluation of microbial overgrowth.

A newly synthesized conjugate of 7-hydroxy-3-O-phosphonocholic acid (ursodeoxycholic acid monophosphate) with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA-UDCA monophosphate) was investigated to determine its suitability for the evaluation of enteric bacteria. This compound, 5-ASA-UDCA monophosphate, was efficiently deconjugated by cholylglycine hydrolase to release 5-ASA, whereas it was completely resistant to deconjugation by pancreatic and intestinal mucosal enzymes. In everted gut sac experiments, 5-ASA-UDCA monophosphate was not actively absorbed from any part of the small intestine. In animal experiments, urinary excretions of N-acetyl-5-ASA (Ac-5ASA) were measured for 24 h following the oral administration of 20 mg of 5-ASA-UDCA monophosphate. Control rats excreted 276.3 +/- 89.0 micrograms (mean +/- S.E.) of Ac-5ASA, whereas the rats with intestinal bacterial overgrowth excreted more (1224.1 +/- 231.5 micrograms; p < 0.01). These basic studies indicate that this compound is likely to offer a simple method for the evaluation of microbial overgrowth without the use of radioisotopes or expensive, special apparatus.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1997

Use of head-up tilt testing to determine a possible cause of unexpected cardiac asystole during epidural anesthesia.

Head-up tilt testing is widely used in the diagnosis of syncope of unknown origin. In this report, head-up tilt testing elucidated the etiology of cardiac asystole of unexpected and sudden onset during orthopedic surgery under epidural anesthesia in a 30-year-old woman. Conventional diagnostic approaches were ineffective. Venous pooling in the lower legs as a result of vasodilation and subsequent vagotony due to epidural anesthesia, a condition mimicking orthostatic stress, is proposed as the mechanism of asystole. Follow-up examinations over 16 months revealed no further syncope and a good clinical course. Head-up tilt testing was useful in determining etiology in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Regulation of bone cells by particle-activated mononuclear phagocytes.

Bone loss around replacement prostheses may be related to the activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) by prosthetic wear particles. We investigated how osteoblast-like cells were regulated by human MNP stimulated by particles of prosthetic material. Particles of titanium-6-aluminium-4-vanadium (TiAIV) stimulated MNP to release interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). All these mediators are implicated in regulating bone metabolism. Particle-activated MNP inhibited bone cell proliferation and stimulated release of IL-6 and PGE2. The number of cells expressing alkaline phosphatase, a marker associated with mature osteoblastic cells, was reduced. Experiments with blocking antibodies showed that TNFalpha was responsible for the reduction in proliferation and the numbers of cells expressing alkaline phosphatase. By contrast, IL-1beta stimulated cell proliferation and differentiation. Both IL-1beta and TNFalpha stimulated IL-6 and PGE2 release from the osteoblast-like cells. Our results suggest that, particle-activated mononuclear phagocytes can induce a change in the balance between bone formation and resorption by a number of mechanisms.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Apheresis therapy for prolonged red cell aplasia after major ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation.

Two cases of leukemia were treated successfully with apheresis for delayed recovery of erythropoiesis due to antibody-mediated red cell aplasia after ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A 25-year-old female (ABO group O) underwent BMT from her brother (group A). Immunoadsorption using Biosynsorb A performed on day 146 after BMT followed by double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) reduced anti-A antibody titers from 1:32 to 1:2. Anemia improved dramatically within 2 weeks. A 49-year-old female (group O) underwent BMT from her mother (group A). She was treated with DFPP on day 131 after BMT. Anti-A antibody titers dropped from 1:16 to 1:1 and anemia improved gradually.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1997

Visual evoked potential guidance for posteroventral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to photic stimulation of the eyes were used to identify the optic tract and thus determine the location of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in eight patients with Parkinson's disease who then underwent posteroventral pallidotomy. Distinct waves appeared at 1 or 2 mm below the target (4 to 5 mm below the intercommissural line) and the amplitude significantly increased at 5 or 6 mm below, strongly suggesting that the electrode was in contact with the optic tract. In the medio-lateral direction, potentials were successively recorded in an area of 4 to 8 mm length, indicating the width of the optic tract. The trajectory at the mid point showed the most significant potentials which suggested the center of the optic tract. The site of the first lesion was placed 0 to 2 mm lateral to this trajectory and 5 mm above the point at which the amplitudes of responses increased. The actual lesion site significantly differed from the tentative target in a medio-lateral direction by 1 to 5 mm (mean 3.0 +/- 1.5 mm, n = 6). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score significantly improved and magnetic resonance imaging taken 2 or 3 weeks after the operation showed a lesion within the GPi in each patient. Recording of VEPs greatly facilitates accurate determination of the GPi.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Epidermoid tumor in the sphenoid sinus--case report.

A 36-year-old male presented with a very rare epidermoid tumor in the sphenoid sinus manifesting as paresis of the right sixth cranial nerve and diplopia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion in the sphenoid sinus expanding to the clivus. The cystic tumor, which contained cholesterin crystals, was extensively removed via the transsphenoidal approach. Histological examination showed epidermoid cell layers, consistent with the diagnosis of epidermoid tumor. Epidermoid tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions in the sphenoid sinus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Petrous bone meningioma originating from the jugular foramen--case report.

A 49-year-old female presented with a rare meningioma in the petrous bone. High resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the tumor had developed in the jugular foramen and extended into the infralabyrinthine area of the petrous bone and intracranially into the cerebellopontine angle. The operative findings confirmed these observations. Meningiomas of the petrous bone may originate from the jugular foramen.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Nonsurgical management of patients with blunt hepatic injury: efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for patients with blunt hepatic injury. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Of 372 patients with trauma, 60 had evidence on CT of hepatic injury (Mirvis classification). Six of the 60 patients required emergency laparotomy and were excluded. Of the 54 remaining patients, 28 were classified as having high-grade hepatic injury (Mirvis classification of 3 or 4). All 28 underwent arteriography, and TAE was performed in single or multiple hepatic arterial branches when extravasation was seen. Angiography was repeated and cholescintigraphy was performed on patients with continued bleeding or biloma. RESULTS: Injuries detected were grade 1 (n = 13), grade 2 (n = 13), grade 3 (n = 20), and grade 4 (n = 8). The injury was correlated with the degree of hemoperitoneum seen on CT. Patients with low-grade injuries (Mirvis classification of 1 or 2) were treated conservatively, and no deaths or liver-related morbidity occurred. Of the 28 patients with high-grade injury, 15 also had angiographic evidence of extravasation and underwent TAE. The average fluid resuscitation volume was significantly larger in this group than in the other 13 patients with high-grade injuries who did not undergo TAE. Embolization was successful in all 15 patients, and the shock index was significantly reduced after TAE. All patients survived, with follow-up at 1-8 months (2.5 +/- 1.8 months, mean +/- SD). CONCLUSION: TAE is an effective alternative to surgery for patients with high-grade liver injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Myelogenous leukemia in children. ANLL9205 study by Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG)].

Treatment results were evaluated in 45 children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) treated on the ANLL-9205 protocol of the Children's Cancer Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG, Japan). In this protocol, terarubicin (THP-ADR), vincristine and continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) were applied for remission induction therapy (AVC), and VP16+ high dose Ara C were used sequentially for 32 or 48 weeks. Eleven patients received stem cell transplantation. Thirty-eight out of the 43 eligible patients (88.4%) achieved complete remission, and the overall 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was 55.6% (S.E.,10%). This favorable response was attributed mainly to the high induction rate of patients with the M5, M7 FAB subtypes and higher WBC counts (> or = 10 x 10(9)/L). There was no difference in the 3-year EFS of these patients who discontinued treatment between 32 weeks and 48 weeks. Serious toxicities were not observed in this study. These findings suggest that the ANLL-9205 protocol is an effective and safe treatment regimen for childhood AML. When comparing the treatment period of 32 or 48 weeks, the difference was not statistically significant.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

[Tuberculous pleuro-peritonitis showing increased levels of CA125].

A 53-year-old woman was admitted because of dyspnea and coughing of about 8 months duration. On examination she had left pleural effusion and ascites. The serum CA125 level was high (1150 U/ml) but gynecological examinations were negative. Radiological and ultrasonic studies revealed bilateral pleural effusions and ascites. Cytological and bacteriological studies of the pleural effusions and ascites were all negative. The pleural fluid was exudate with high lymphocyte counts and elevated ADA (87.4 IU/l) and CA125 (1800 U/ml). Tuberculous pleuritis was diagnosed based on the findings of sputum culture and of pleural biopsy. The latter revealed epithelioid cell granulomas and giant cells. Cells in both pleural effusion and ascites were stained with antibodies to CA125. Antituberculous chemotherapy was started and the patient responded well. Both pleural effusions and ascites decreased; the level of CA125 also decreased to the normal range in about two months.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed1997

[A clinical evaluation of the Hepcon/HMS: a new device of monitoring hemostasis management during cardiopulmonary bypass].

BACKGROUND: The "Hepcon/HMS", a small, protable console which can instantaneously measure residual whole blood heparin concentration and automatically compute the necessary dose of additional heparin during extracorporeal circulation and also compute the required dose of protamine to reverse the effect of residual heparin. METHOD: This study was performed in 32 consecutive patients undergoing primary elective cardiac operation between March and July 1996. Patients were divided randomly in two groups: control group and "Hepacon/HMS" group. Hematologic factors, total heparin dose, total protamine dose, postoperative bleeding and blood transfusion volume were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Patients in the "Hepcon/HMS" group received significantly greater doses of heparin (p = 0.01) and lower doses of protamine (p = 0.01) compared with the control patients. CONCLUSION: By using "Hepcon/HMS", smaller amount of protamine to reverse residual heparin was achieved without no hemostatic derangement nor increase in the amount of postoperative bleeding, irrespective of the fact that the greater amount of heparin was administered during extracorporeal circulation as compared with the conventional anticoagulation protocol. It may help prevent the undesirable side effects of administering excessive amount of protamine, including depression of myocardial function, platelet dysfunction, anaphylactic reaction and catastrophic circulatory collapse.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1997

[Changes in alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding nature in guinea-pig brain following the development of morphine dependence].

We examined the effect of morphine dependence on alpha 2-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig brain. We also studied the influence of clonidine on the naloxone-induced withdrawal signs. 1. Guinea-pigs were implanted subcutaneously with MS contin (300 mg.kg-1). Two days after implantation, the binding of 3H-UK14304 (alpha 2 selective ligand) to brain membranes prepared from morphine dependent and control animals was determined. Scatchard plot of the saturation binding data revealed an increase in Bmax values and no change in the Kd values from dependent animals. These results indicate that brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors are up-regulated in morphine dependent guinea pigs. 2. Subcutaneous injection of naloxone on the 2 nd day after implantation caused characteristic withdrawal symptoms. Clonidine has been shown to reduce some opiate withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent animals.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1997

[Changes in opioid receptor binding nature in rat brain and spinal cord following formalin or carrageenan-induced nociception].

Previous reports demonstrated the regulation of opioid and their receptor in nociception, but it is not clear how nociceptive activation may alter opioid receptor binding nature. We determined the change of mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor types in brain and spinal cord homogenates obtained from animal models receiving nociceptive treatment. 1) Rats received a subcutaneous injection of formalin and carrageenan into planter aspect of a hindpaw. These agent-injected animals were observed for appearance of pain-related behavior (guarding of the treated paw) within 2-3 hour after treatment. Following these pain behavior, rats were decapitated and brain and spinal cord were removed rapidly. 2) The binding of 3H-DAGO (mu agonist), 3H-DPDPE (delta agonist) and 3H-EKC (kappa agonist) to brain and spinal cord membranes prepared from nociceptive treatment and control rats was determined. Using these tracer 3H-opioid ligands, we failed to see any change in the total number of opioid binding sites (Bmax values) or the affinity constant (Kd values) for binding in whole brain and spinal cord. These results indicate that in these animal models which use experimentally induced inflammation to stimulate a condition of nociception, there appears to be no alteration in the levels of mu, delta or kappa binding sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase and activation of progelatinase A in human osteoarthritic cartilage.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage and are thought to be involved in the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these proteinases, MMP-2 (gelatinase A) demonstrates a wide range of substrate specificity against the ECM present in cartilage. Although MMP-2 expression increases in OA cartilage, the activation mechanism of the corresponding zymogen (pro-MMP-2) in cartilage is unknown. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) in human OA articular cartilage and its correlation with the activation of pro-MMP-2. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that MT1-MMP localizes to the chondrocytes in the superficial and transitional zones in all of the samples examined directly correlating with cartilage degradation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the predominant expression of MT1-MMP mRNA in the OA cartilage. In situ hybridization revealed the site of expression of MT1-MMP in OA cartilage to be the chondrocytes. Through gelatin zymography and a sandwich enzyme immunoassay it was demonstrated that OA cartilage explants secrete significantly higher levels of pro-MMP-2 than normal samples. Pro-MMP-2 activation was enhanced in the OA cartilage samples and correlated with MT1-MMP expression in the cartilage. Plasma membranes prepared from cultured chondrocytes with MT1-MMP expression and those directly isolated from OA cartilage could activate pro-MMP-2. MT1-MMP gene expression in cultured chondrocytes was induced by treatment with interleukin-1 alpha and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These data suggest that cytokine-induced MT1-MMP in the chondrocytes may play a key role in the activation of pro-MMP-2 in the OA articular cartilage, leading to cartilage destruction through ECM degradation.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Long-term follow up of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood].

Sixty children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were followed up for 15 to 208 months (mean 120 months) from their first visit. Of these 65% (39 cases) were suffering from acute ITP and 47% of the patients were male. Of the 21 patients with chronic ITP 43% (9 cases) entered remission within five years from the onset of the disease. Conversely patients with chronic ITP for more than five years did not enter remission. Four patients with chronic disease were diagnosed to be other diseases (i.e. three cases were aplastic anemia, the other was Evans' syndrome) after one to four years from the onset. Four patients with chronic ITP for more than five years from the onset are now doing well without any severe bleeding problems. The patients who recovered have had neither problems nor complications. None of the patients died of a cerebral hemorrhage or severe bleeding. We consider that long term outcome of ITP in childhood would be better than that of adult cases.

Child↗