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Biomedical subjects

S Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohshima.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy: initial 2 cases].

Two patients with nonfunctioning kidney were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. The working space in the retroperitoneum was created by balloon dissector consisted of surgical glove and rigid nephroscope. The balloon dissector inserted to retroperitoneal space was inflated with 500-600 ml normal saline. After removal of the balloon dissector, 4 trocars were inserted to the retroperitoneal space. In these two cases, the kidney were removed successfully without any complication. The operating time was 165 min and 219 min, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic trigonoplasty in pediatric patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux: preliminary report.

PURPOSE: We investigated the preliminary surgical results of endoscopic trigonoplasty in pediatric patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed endoscopic trigonoplasty in 6 pediatric patients (11 refluxing ureters). Reflux was grade II in 4 reno-ureteral units, grade III in 5, grade IV in 1 and grade V in 1 (international classification). Surgery was done using laparoscopic and endoscopic instruments. RESULTS: Vesicoureteral reflux disappeared 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Analgesics were administered postoperatively to 4 patients for 24 hours and to 2 for 48 hours. No bladder irritability or postoperative upper urinary tract dilatation was observed in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive endoscopic trigonoplasty can be an effective surgical procedure for pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopic nephrectomy via the retroperitoneal approach.

PURPOSE: We evaluated efficacy of the retroperitoneal approach for laparoscopic nephrectomy of kidneys with benign disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight men and 12 women (mean age 55 years) with severely damaged kidneys underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal nephrectomy. One patient had a history of multiple open abdominal and gynecological operations. Kidneys were removed laparoscopically from the working space, which was created by finger and balloon dissection, and maintained by carbon dioxide insufflation in the retroperitoneal cavity. RESULTS: All kidneys were removed successfully via this procedure. Mean operative time was 3.3 hours and mean estimated blood loss was 135 ml. One patient experienced bleeding from the injured capsular artery just after removal of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS: The retroperitoneal approach is recommended for laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[The regional wall motion and the myocardial fatty acid metabolism at hibernating myocardium].

To evaluate the regional wall motion and the myocardial fatty acid metabolism at hibernating myocardium after revascularization (PTCA or CABG), we performed dual SPECT with 201Tl and 123I-beta-methyliodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP), and left ventriculography (LVG) in 34 patients with coronary artery disease before and 3 to 4 months after revascularization. In the SPECT, regional tracer uptake was estimated qualitatively (visual) and quantitatively (% uptake). Regional wall motion was estimated qualitatively (visual) and quantitatively (shortening fraction). At the 78 hibernating areas, the improvement of regional wall motion was more significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with that of regional tracer uptake of 123I-BMIPP (r = 0.63) than 201Tl (r = 0.39), and also correlated with the improvement of the difference between 201Tl and 123I-BMIPP regional uptake (r = 0.36). These results suggest that the improvement of wall motion at hibernating myocardium is more significantly correlated with the improvement of 123I-BMIPP than 201Tl uptake after revascularization.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Long-term stone recurrence rate after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PURPOSE: We followed patients who were stone-free after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to investigate the factors that contributed to recurrent calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For longer than 5 years 903 patients without residual fragments 3 months after ESWL were enrolled in this study. Plain abdominal films and/or excretory urograms were evaluated every 6 months for recurrent stones on the side of ESWL. Patients who presented with colic pain or other complaints and who were suspected of having recurrent stones were also examined. Stone recurrence rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. We assessed the influence of patient age; size, location, composition and configuration of the original stones, and pyuria after ESWL on stone recurrence. RESULTS: Mean followup was 25 months and stones recurred in 183 of 903 renal units (20.3%). Kaplan-Meier recurrence rates were 6.7, 28.0 and 41.8% after 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. There was a significant correlation between stone recurrence and multiple stones on one hand, and pyuria after ESWL on the other hand. Stones recurred most frequently in the lower calix. Recurrent stones were passed without intervention in 33 cases, while ESWL was repeated in 53. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the importance of long-term followup and the search for an effective prophylactic therapy to prevent recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastasis successfully treated with combination chemotherapy using UFT, CDDP and etoposide].

We reported a 66-year-old male patient with advanced gastric cancer accompanied by multiple liver metastasis, who responded to combination chemotherapy using UFT, CDDP and etoposide. The patient was administered three courses of 600 mg/body UFT po daily, 50 mg/body CDDP iv and 50 mg/body etoposide iv on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks. As a result, both the primary and metastatic tumors decreased remarkably in size. Adverse reactions were leukocytopenia (Grade 2), thrombocytopenia (Grade 1) and nausea (Grade 1). he is alive 16 months after the beginning of therapy in a condition of partial response (PR). This combination therapy seemed to be effective for advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Durable molecular remission in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and host-derived hematopoiesis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A 44-year-old woman with Ph-positive CML was treated with TBI, splenic irradiation, Ara-C, and CY. She then received unmanipulated marrow cells from her HLA-identical brother. GVHD prophylaxis was FK506 and MTX. WBC counts reached 1000/microliter on day 28 when all metaphases of marrow cells showed 46XY. However, on day 42, 46XX was detected in two of 20 metaphases, and the percentage of cells with female karyotype subsequently increased. On day 519, all metaphases showed female karyotype. BCR-ABL mRNA and Philadelphia chromosome were never detected throughout her post-transplant course. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed complete recovery of host-derived hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, however, mixed T cell chimerism in the peripheral blood. This suggests that the persistence of donor-derived T cells may prevent disease recurrence through graft-versus-leukemia effect. The patient remains in a molecular complete remission with host-derived hematopoiesis 749 days post-transplant.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of a high-protein diet on mineral metabolism and struvite activity product in clinically normal cats.

OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of high-protein diets (> 50% crude protein of dry matter) on urinary mineral excretion and struvite activity product ([Mg2+] x [NH4+] x [PO(4)3-]). ANIMALS: 14 clinically normal cats, 4 adult female and male cats for experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and 6 female kittens aged 4 months for experiment 3. PROCEDURE: Relations between dietary protein amount (25.9, 38.3, 51.4, and 65.4% crude protein [dry matter]) and urinary excretion of Mg, P, and Ca were examined in a 4 x 4-Latin square design (experiment 1). Struvite activity product, the index of solubility of struvite crystals, was determined when a high-protein diet (54.9%) was fed (experiment 2). Utilization of minerals in cats fed a high-protein diet long term was examined (experiment 3). RESULTS: Water intake and urine volume increased with increasing dietary protein concentration. Urinary Mg2+ excretion was not affected (experiment 1) or was decreased (experiment 3) by higher protein intake, leading to lower urine Mg2+ concentration in groups fed higher protein amounts. Urine pH was decreased by high-protein intake. As a result, PO(4)3- concentration was decreased by high-protein intake (experiment 2), although total daily urinary excretion of P was increased. Consequently, struvite activity product tended to decrease in cats fed high-protein diets, indicating increase in struvite solubility. High-protein intake decreased Ca and P retention by increasing their fecal and urinary excretions, respectively. CONCLUSION: As a consequence of the increase in urine volume and urine acidification, high-protein diets have potential ability to increase solubility of struvite crystals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Computational studies on the interaction between red cone and H1 horizontal cell.

We propose an equivalent circuit model of a discrete formulation to describe the interaction between the red cone syncytium and the H1 horizontal cell syncytium in lower vertebrate retinas. Analytical solutions of the model provide intuitive understandings of spatio-temporal properties of light-induced responses in reference to membrane impedance, strength of chemical synapse and coupling resistance connecting neighbouring cells. Physiologically plausible values of these parameters are estimated using the solutions. Quantitative studies are made to elucidate the function of (1) the negative feedback from the H1 horizontal cell to the red cone, and (2) the resistance increase of H1 horizontal cell coupling by dopamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Endoscopic trigonoplasty for primary vesico-ureteric reflux.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical results of endoscopic trigonoplasty in patients with primary vesicoureteric reflux. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records were reviewed for 12 patients who underwent endoscopic trigonoplasty between February 1992 and February 1994. Of the 12 patients, 11 were female; one was a child and nine had unilateral disease. From 15 renoureteric units, grade I vesico-ureteric reflux was demonstrated in five, grade II in six and grade III in four. The ureteric orifices were approximated close to the midline via the urethral route and two trocars on the abdomen achieved pneumobladder. RESULTS: The mean surgical time was 178 +/- 52 min; this lessened as the learning curve developed. Intra-operative complications in three patients were all caused by trocar placement. Eleven patients required analgesics for one post-operative day only. No post-operative dilatation of the upper urinary tract was demonstrated. Vesico-ureteric reflux was eradicated in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic trigonoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure with a high cure rate. By not destroying the normal vesico-ureteric junction, post-operative obstruction cannot occur. We believe that endoscopic trigonoplasty is a feasible procedure for patients with vesico-ureteric reflux.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Molecular analysis of Japanese isolates of Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum.

Sixteen isolates of different pathogenicity groups of the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae and four isolates of V. albo-atrum from Japan were analysed by means of an RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) method using a PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum could be distinguished by RAPD analysis. Four pathogenicity groups of V. dahliae could also be classified to a certain extent by this method. Similarities and differences in banding patterns obtained by RAPD may be a useful molecular tool in phylogenetic studies of the pathogenicity groups.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Sequential changes in the prostatic fluid level of latamoxef in patients with acute bacterial prostatitis.

The sequential expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) levels of latamoxef (LMOX) were measured in 14 patients with acute bacterial prostatitis to evaluate the diffusion of this antibiotic from the plasma into the prostatic fluid. All patients received 2 g of LMOX on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days of hospitalization. The mean LMOX level in EPS and the EPS/serum ratio were 16.4 micrograms/ml and 0.24 on the 1st day, 5.5 micrograms/ml and 0.08 on the 4th day, and 3.5 micrograms/ml and 0.04 on the 7th day, respectively. The mean value of prostatic fluid was 7.7, 7.8, and 7.8, respectively. Thus, both the EPS level of LMOX and the EPS/serum ratio decreased along with the recovery from acute bacterial prostatitis and did not correlate with the pH gradient between prostatic fluid and plasma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Transfer of rheumatoid arthritis into severe combined immunodeficient mice. The pathogenetic implications of T cell populations oligoclonally expanding in the rheumatoid joints.

To investigate the pathogenicity of T cells infiltrating in the rheumatoid joints, mononuclear cells (MNC), predominantly T cells, isolated from either synovial fluid or synovial tissues of the patients with RA were transferred into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice by intraarticular injections. According to our observations in this experimental system, patients with RA could be classified into at least two groups. In one group of patients, the infiltrating MNC induced synovial hyperplasia in the recipient SCID mice (the positive group). Whereas, in the other group no synovial hyperplasia was observed (the negative group). The induction of synovial hyperplasia observed in the positive group was prevented by an anti-human CD3 antibody (OKT3), indicating T cell mediation. Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta usage by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the infiltrating MNC transferred into SCID mice revealed a marked skew towards the preferential use of certain V beta genes, which was not seen in the peripheral blood MNC, in only the positive group. The patterns of TCR/V beta skew were not uniform among the patients. The analysis of the PCR-amplified genes of such skewed TCR/ V beta by single strand conformational polymorphism showed distinct bands, indicating that the T cell populations expanding in rheumatoid joints of the positive group were oligoclonal. Furthermore, the enrichment of the T cell populations expressing such skewed TCR/V beta by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood MNC of the patients with the relevant superantigen enabled the induction of synovial hyperplasia in the SCID mice. These results suggest that the pathogenic T cells could be activated locally in rheumatoid joints by certain antigens in some, but not in all patients with RA.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Characteristic relation between dietary metabolizable energy content and digestible energy content in laboratory cats.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between dietary nitrogen (N)-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) and dietary digestible energy (DE) in cats, in order to verify the reliability of the present metabolizable energy (ME) system for cats. Four adult female cats were fed diets containing four different levels of crude protein (CP) (24, 35, 49, and 62% as fed) 4 hours a day in 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine energy- and N-balance. Dietary CP levels had hardly any effect on daily food intake, but acid-ether extract (AEE) intake tended to increase and carbohydrate (CHO) intake tended to decrease, in response to increases in dietary CP levels. Apparent CP and AEE digestibility did not change, regardless of the experimental diet. In contrast, CHO digestibility tended to diminish as dietary CP levels increased. Although the ratio of urinary energy (UE) to urinary N (UN) was higher in cats fed the lowest CP diet, it was still much lower than in other mammals. Regression between UE/digestible crude protein (DCP) and N-balance indicated that dietary ME at N-equilibrium (i.e., MEn) could be expressed as DE -0.47 x DCP. MEn could also be estimated as DE -0.62 x DCP by using the average ratio of UE/(UN x 6.25). Both DCP coefficients were much lower than in other mammals, including dogs and pigs, suggesting a unique form of N metabolism in cats. Because ME values applied to practical feline feed ingredients have been either estimated in pigs or calculated according to the equation, DE -1.25 x DCP, similar to the method used for dogs, the present ME values for cats are believed to have been underestimated.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Dietary protein levels affect water intake and urinary excretion of magnesium and phosphorus in laboratory cats.

The effects of dietary protein levels on food and water intake, and urinary excretion of magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) were examined in cats fed dry-type diets. Four adult female cats were used for trials in a 4 x 4 Latin square design, and fed diets with increasing protein content (25.9, 38.3, 51.4 or 65.2% in dry matter) daily from 9:00 to 13:00. While daily food intake was almost constant regardless of the dietary protein level, water intake and urine volume increased with increasing the dietary protein. Daily urinary excretion of P increased in response to the increase in dietary protein level. The urinary concentration of P was positively related to nitrogen (N)-intake. In contrast, daily urinary excretion of Mg was not affected by the dietary protein level, and the urinary concentration of Mg was negatively related to N intake. A dry-type diet with a high protein content might be effective in preventing the deposition of Mg salts in the urinary tract of cats under the meal-fed condition without affecting food intake because of both the lower concentration of urinary Mg resulting from the increase in urine volume and, probably, urinary acidification.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Validity of NRC method for estimating metabolizable energy value of laboratory dry canine diets.

An equation to estimate the metabolizable energy (ME) content of practical dry canine diets, [metabolizable energy (MENRC, kcal/g) = 3.50 x crude protein + 8.46 x acid ether extract + 3.50 x nitrogen-free extract] has been recommended by the National Research Council (NRC), which assumes fixed digestibility for each nutrient. This estimation method is much more convenient than that of nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) following the equation MEn = digestible energy-1.25 x digestible crude protein. This study aimed to assess the validity of MENRC through a comparison with MEn determined by using 11 diets with 4 mature male Beagle dogs. The relation between MENRC and MEn was expressed as a quadratic equation (MENRC = 0.83MEn2 - 5.43MEn + 12.36, r2 = 0.956, P < 0.01), suggesting that MEn is overestimated when the NRC method was applied to lower energy diets. It was also suggested that the strict estimation of MEn by means of fixed digestibility coefficients was impossible, because of the relatively wide variation in digestibility among dry canine diets.

Animal Feed↗