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Biomedical subjects

S Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohshima.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Macrolide antibiotics M-4365 produced by Micromonospora. IV. Antimycoplasmal activity of antibiotic M-4365 G2 (de-epoxy rosamicin).

In vitro activities of M-4365 G2, a new basic 16-membered macrolide antibiotic, against a total 19 strains including human, bovine, porcine, rodent, avian and saprophytic mycoplasmas were compared with those of three other macrolide antibiotics, josamycin, erythromycin and tylosin. M-4365 G2 exhibited stronger activities than the other macrolide antibiotics against 11 strains of mycoplasma tested. Especially, its higher activities against M. pneumoniae Mac and FU, U. urealyticum T-960, M. mycoides PG-1 and M. gallisepticum Kp-13, PG-31 and 9-49A were to be noticed (final minimum inhibitory concentrations: 0.0001 approximately 0.049 microgram/ml). Higher antimycoplasmal activity of M-4365 G2 than that of tylosin was also proved in experimental treatment of chickens intranasally inoculated with M. gallisepticum Kp-13 by feeding a diet containing the drug. M. gallisepticum Kp-13 was not isolated from the infected chickens fed a diet containing 0.0063% or more of M-4365 G2.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Latex agglutination microtiter test for diagnosis of toxoplasma infection in animals.

The assay kit of Toxoplasma latex agglutination (LA) microtiters (Toxotest and Toxocheck "Eiken") was applied for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection in pig, cat, dog and some rodents. Frequency distribution of the LA titers of pigs and cats showed a through at 1:32. The starting point of the reaction for positive diagnosis was 1:64 dilution in these animals and the kit was found to be practical and useful. Application of the kit to the diagnosis of dogs was not yet successful. The LA titer of experimentally infected mice and rabbits with Toxoplasma was detected from 1--2 weeks after infection. In wild rats caught in Sapporo City 26.1% had LA titers of 1:4 or more.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Macrolide antibiotics M-4365 produced by Micromonospora. III. In vitro antimicrobial activity of antibiotic M-4365G2 (de-epoxy rosamicin).

Antibiotic M-4365G2 (de-epoxy rosamicin) produced by Micromonospora capillata MCRL 0940 is a new basic 16-membered macrolide antibiotic with activity equal to or superior to erythromycin and josamycin against Gram-positive bacteria. Of interest are the high degree of activity against Gram-negative bacilli and mycoplasmas, and striking inhibitory effects against indole-producing Proteus spp. Bactericidal activity of M-4365G2 is also to be noticed.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1977

Amylase-producing lung cancer: ultrastructural and biochemical studies.

A case of lung cancer with elevated amylase activity in serum, urine, and tumor tissue was studied electron microscopically and biochemically. Ultrastructurally, there were numerous electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells. These granules were located in the apical region of tumor cells and had a single limiting membrane, associated with a clear zone just beneath it. Furthermore, circular, lamellar and annulate structures, which closely resembled those observed within zymogen granules of the salivary glands in postnatal mice and rats, were sometimes recognized within these granules. These observations suggested that these granules were identical to a postnatal or immature form of zymogen granules in salivary glands. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the amylases obtained from the tumor tissue were composed of the sialic acid-containing glycoprotein, which was not found in normal amylases. A possible histogenesis of the amylase-producing lung cancer was briefly discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical studies on radiation-sensitive mutations in bacteriophage T4-1.

Mutants of bacteriophage T4 which exhibit increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation were isolated and their abilities to induce an enzyme system to excise pyrimidine dimers were examined. Among 16 mutants isolated, 12 mutants were found to be defective in inducing T4 endonuclease V, which catalyzes the formation of dimer-specific breaks in ultraviolet-irradiated DNA. A leaky v mutant, which exhibits intermediate ultraviolet sensitivity, was also isolated; the mutant induces a low level of endonuclease V and excises only a small amount of kimers in vitro. Three other mutants, as well as x and y mutants, were able to induce both T4 endonuclease V and dimer-excision enzyme (5'yields 3' exonuclease).

Cell Survival↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new technique for the resection of gastric cancer: modified Appleby procedure with reconstruction of hepatic artery.

The Appleby operation allows resection of gastric cancer with lymph nodes around the stomach and celiac axis en bloc. Hepatic arterial blood flow after resection of the celiac axis is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. In some patients, however, hepatic arterial flow becomes decreased after resection of the celiac axis. This abrupt reduction of hepatic arterial blood flow sometimes causes postoperative complications such as severe liver dysfunction or gallbladder necrosis. To prevent the reduction of hepatic arterial blood flow and to perform the Appleby operation more safely, we modified the Appleby operation to include reconstruction of the hepatic artery. We found that after dissection of lymph nodes around the hepatoduodenal ligament, the proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery can be well mobilized and it becomes possible to anastomose the celiac axis to the common hepatic artery directly without using anticoagulants. From May, 1989 to November, 1990, 15 patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent the modified Appleby procedure at Kinan General Hospital. Postoperatively, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined for evaluation of liver function. These levels were almost the same as those found after traditional total gastrectomy without resection of the celiac axis. Indocyanine green (ICG) clearance tests were performed before and 1 month after operation. There was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values. Common hepatic arterial flow after celiacohepatic anastomosis was 390 ml/min on average. The modified Appleby procedure can be done quite safely.

Adult↗