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Biomedical subjects

S Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohshima.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A new model of bacterial peritonitis in mice for evaluation of antibiotics. Effects of aspoxicillin and piperacillin.

Experimental peritonitis was produced in mice with Escherichia coli TPRL 10760 derived from the intestinal flora of mouse and used to evaluate the chemotherapeutic effects of semisynthetic penicillins, aspoxicillin (ASPC) and piperacillin (PIPC). The peritonitis was induced by inserting a gelatin capsule containing the bacterial cells, sterilized cecal contents and BaSO4 into the pelvic cavity of an anesthetized mouse. Infection with more than 10(6) colony forming units (CFU) of the bacteria/mouse resulted in an acute peritonitis associated with 100% mortality, whereas an inoculum size of 10(2) CFU/mouse produced a chronic peritonitis. In the mice with acute peritonitis, administration of 100 mg/kg x 5 times of ASPC reduced the mortality to 0% but administration of 100 mg/kg x 5 times of PIPC did not reduce the mortality. In the mice with chronic peritonitis, ASPC was more effective than PIPC in decreasing the number of viable bacterial cells in the peritoneal fluid. The superiority of ASPC over PIPC was attributable to its higher bactericidal activity as well as its high drug level and more persistency in the peritoneal fluid as compared to PIPC.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1989

[The optimum dose of iohexol 399 in excretory urography].

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the optimum does of iohexol (iodine concentration 300 mgI/ml) as a contrast agent for excretory urography in screening outpatients. Cases were divided into two groups, 30 cases in Group A receiving 0.4 ml/kg of iohexol and 29 cases in group B receiving 0.8 ml/kg. Urography was performed at intervals of 5 minutes and 10 minutes following the injection. The diagnostic effectiveness of various X-ray images including nephrograms, the pyelocaliceal system, ureter and bladder were assessed. There was a significant disparity between the two groups during pyelocaliceal urography after 5 minutes, with a fair diagnosis attainable for 73.3% of group A versus 89.6% for group B (P less than 0.05), but after 10 minutes the rates for the two groups had evened out to 93.4% for group A and 96.6% for group B. During urography of the ureter after 5 minutes, only 16.6% of the cases in group A could be easily diagnosed against 51.7% of the cases in group B (P less than 0.05). However, after 10 minutes the rate for group A was up to 56.7% while the rate for group B was 82.8% (P less than 0.1). In the ureter after 5 minutes, non-diagnosable images constituted 26.7% of group A and 10.4% of group B, while after 10 minutes this had dropped to 16.6% for group A and 0% for group B. A comprehensive study of these results suggests that for diagnostic screenings which use iohexol as a contrast agent in excretory urography, optimal results may be obtained using iohexol in amounts of between 0.4 ml/kg and 0.8 ml/kg.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of chlamydial urethritis--studies on clinical effects of ofloxacin].

Clinical effects of ofloxacin (OFLX) in the treatment of the patients with chlamydial urethritis was studied. OFLX was administered at a dose of 200 mg, three times daily (600 mg) for 14 days. In all of the 26 patients with chlamydial urethritis, C. trachomatis was eliminated in 7 to 14 days after the start of administration. The subjective clinical symptoms such as pain on urination and abnormal urethral feeling was disappeared in all cases within 7 days after the administration. The objective clinical symptoms, urethral discharge, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) in urethral discharge and PMNL in first urine were improved in 94, 68, 91% respectively on 14 days after the administration. Overall clinical efficacy rate of OFLX on 7 days, 14 days and 21 days after the administration in this study was 63, 82, 91% respectively. Whereas subjective symptoms of side effects were noted in 2 patients (7.6%), any additional medical care was needed in none of them. Because of the marked improvement of clinical symptoms and the safety administration, OFLX could be the first regimen to be chosen for the treatment of the patients with chlamydial urethritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder 29 years after ileocystoplasty.

We report a case of adenocarcinoma found at the bladder site 29 years after ileocystoplasty. The patient was a 43-year-old woman who had undergone a closed-loop type of ileocystoplasty for a small tuberculous contracted bladder when she was 13 years old. The tumor that arose in the bladder site was colonic type adenocarcinoma. Four cases of neoplasm occurring in the ileal portion following ileocystoplasty have been reported in the English and Japanese literature, but no case arising originally in the bladder site has been reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[The discussion of the need of mediastinal lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of lung cancer].

The need of lymph node dissection in the case of operative lung cancer with negative mediastinoscopy was discussed. As a preliminary study, the N-number obtained from the mediastinoscopy and that of postoperative examination was compared. The rate of agreement of N-number was as high as 96%. Secondary, 183 cases of lung cancer with squamous-or adenocarcinoma pathologically T-1 or 2. N-0 and P-0 or 1 were picked up and examined. In those cases, the result of 3 years survival rate was 80% in the cases of absolute curative operation and 60% in that of relative non-curative cases, and 5 years survival rate was 70% and 52% respectively, and the cases of absolute curative operation was statistically excellent than that of another group. However, the background of the two groups was different to some degree on account of the advancement of the cancer and the age of the patients. Therefore, the randomized study as for the lymph node dissection in the cases of negative mediastinoscopy was finally performed. In the 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma where dissection was carried out in 13 cases and not done in 17 cases, the result of 3 years survival was 84% (dissecting group) and 89% (non-dissecting group), and 5 years survival was 73% and 63% respectively. In 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (13; dissecting, 10; non-dissecting), the result of 3 years survival was 100%, 63% and that of 5 years survival rate was 100%, 63% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Two cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia showing nodular shadows: computed tomographic findings].

Two cases of Mycoplasmal pneumonia showing nodular shadows on roentgenogram, in a 31 year-old woman and a 28 year-old man, were reported. The consequence of a radiographical analysis reveals that the nodular shadows on the roentgenogram were revealed on CT by the thickness of the bronchoarterial bundles and the nodular opacities which had a cetriacinar or centrilobular distribution, at the ends of the branches of the pulmonary arteries and bronchi. These findings suggest that the pulmonary lesions of Mycoplasmal pneumonia were located in the peribronchial and periarterial interstitium and the bronchioles and their adjacent alveoli. CT is useful in the evaluation of nodular shadows on roentgenogram.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Generation of multiple troponin T isoforms is a common feature of the muscles in various chordate animals.

1. Troponin T (TNT) expressed in various vertebrate skeletal and ascidian smooth muscles was examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting. 2. A monoclonal anti-TNT antibody, NT-302, exhibited binding ability to various TNT variants in the vertebrate and protochordate animals. 3. TNT isoform pattern differed among the animals, but the existence of multiple TNT isoforms in a single muscle tissue was the general feature of all the animals examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antitumor effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon on advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Human lymphoblastoid interferon alpha was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 3 times 10(6) units per day to 25 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Six patients (24.0 per cent) showed objective responses, including 2 with complete regression of tumors. Nine patients (37.5 per cent) showed disease stabilization, while the disease progressed in 9 others (37.5 per cent). All tumor responses (2 complete, 4 partial and 2 mixed responses) were seen in lung, skin and liver metastases in patients whose primary tumors had been removed. Mean time to response was 87 +/- 74 days (range 28 to 240 days) and mean duration of response was 6.5 +/- 6.4 months (range 1 to greater than 20 months). Human lymphoblastoid interferon alpha was a potential active antitumor agent in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Differential modulation of protein kinase C by bryostatin 1 and phorbol ester.

Bryostatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone, activated protein kinase C purified from mouse brain in a dose-dependent fashion to the same degree as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). There was no significant difference in calcium and phosphatidylserine requirements for activation of protein kinase C between bryostatin 1 and PMA. We also found no significant difference in the inhibitory effect between staurosporine and H-7 known to be potent inhibitors of protein kinase C. These data suggest that bryostatin 1 and PMA activate protein kinase C in a similar way. We found, however, that negative modulation of protein kinase C with bryostatin 1 was weaker than that with PMA. The reason of this difference was unclear. It may possibly suggest that there is some difference in configuration of protein kinase C after binding between these activators.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Electrohydraulic lithotripsy of upper urinary tract calculi].

Electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was employed for the treatment of 35 patients with upper urinary tract calculi. The stones in 14 patients with renal and upper ureteral calculi were disintegrated by a 9Fr probe and the rigid nephroscope. Twelve patients with upper or middle ureteral calculi were treated using a 5Fr probe and the fiberscope. The stones in 9 patients with lower ureteral calculi were removed by a 5Fr probe and the rigid ureteroscope. Although small residual stones were observed in 15 patients (43%), all the stones were fragmented satisfactorily except in two patients. The complications due to EHL were observed in eight patients (23%). The most frequent complication was the ureteral injury which was observed in 6 patients. In 2 of these patients the stone migrated out from the ureter. However, all the cases of ureteral injury were healed by the conservative therapy such as by indwelling the stent catheter without ureteral stricture.

Adult↗