Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohshima.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Extravascular lung water measured with 99mTc-RBC and 99mTc-DTPA is increased in left-sided heart failure.

Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was quantitatively measured in 81 patients consisting of 10 subjects with normal cardiac function and 71 patients with left-sided heart diseases, using 99mTc-RBC as a non-diffusible indicator and 99mTc-DTPA as a diffusible indicator in the equilibrium phase. EVLW averaged 3.0 +/- 1.4 (ml/kg, mean +/- SD) in subjects with normal cardiac function (n = 10), 4.3 +/- 1.7 in New York Heart Association functional class I patients (n = 30), 4.8 +/- 2.4 in NYHA functional class II patients (n = 33) and 9.4 +/- 5.4 in NYHA functional class III (n = 8) patients. EVLW was greater in NYHA class III than in normal controls or NYHA classes I or II (p < 0.01). Lung thermal volume (LTV) was also measured in 31 of the 81 patients using a double indicator dilution technique with sodium and heat. LTV averaged 6.0 +/- 1.2 (ml/kg) in normal subjects (n = 4), 8.6 +/- 2.0 in NYHA functional class I patients (n = 11), 9.7 +/- 3.0 in NYHA functional class II patients (n = 13), and 15.9 +/- 8.2 in NYHA functional class III patients (n = 3). The correlation between EVLW and LTV was significant (EVLW = 0.79 x LTV - 72.8, r = 0.80, p < 0.01). There were significant differences in EVLW/LTV ratio between NYHA class III (0.93 +/- 0.16) and NYHA class I (0.62 +/- 0.22). Thus, it was shown that EVLW was increased in left-sided heart failure and that LTV overestimated the EVLW.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic nephrectomy without morcellation for renal cell carcinoma: report of initial 2 cases.

We recently developed a new laparoscopic procedure of nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and successfully removed the kidney in 2 patients. A carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum is induced and 5 trocars are introduced into the abdominal cavity through the lateral abdominal wall. The kidney is removed en bloc together with the adrenal gland, perirenal fat and Gerota's fascia. The kidney is placed into a sack, which is pulled out through a 5 cm. incision in the abdominal wall without morcellation to allow for complete pathological examination. With this procedure right nephrectomy was performed in a 44-year-old man with a 2.5 cm. tumor in the right kidney and left nephrectomy was done in a 52-year-old man with a 2.5 cm. tumor in the left kidney. Operative time was 379 minutes and 464 minutes, respectively. There were no complications in either case. This procedure may be indicated in patients with small volume renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Structures of sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus stephanotiifolius with potential tumor-promotion inhibitor activity.

Esters of eight new ([1],[4-6], and [8-11]) and five known sesquiterpenenoid polyalcohols have been isolated from Celastrus stephanotiifolius. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical reactions and spectral analysis. The structural elucidation indicated that the structures of some related compounds should be revised. The isolated sesquiterpenes were observed to inhibit Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation significantly at low doses.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMed1993

The significant effect of HLA-DRB1 matching on long-term kidney graft outcome.

Serotyping and genotyping (polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes method) were conducted on 520 unrelated individuals to determine the linkage disequilibrium of HLA-B and HLA-DRB1. Analyses of 511 kidney transplants (300 related and 211 cadaver recipients) were carried out at 4 transplant centers using the linkage disequilibrium of HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 established previously. All transplant recipients received CsA immunosuppression and were transplanted from June 1983 to December 1991. There were 51 significant linkages formed between HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles (P < 0.05). DRB1-compatible transplants experienced a comparable 5-year graft success rate of 94% as did the HLA-identical recipients with a 100% 5-year success rate. However DRB1-incompatible recipients displayed a significantly reduced 5-year graft survival rate of 73% (73% vs. 94% P < 0.01). The 5-year graft survival rate of HLA-DR-incompatible recipients of 71% was compatible to the 73% for HLA-DRB1-incompatible recipients. No variation of rejection rate for DRB1-compatible grafts was seen in any of the 4 transplant centers. The results also indicated that HLA-DRB1 compatibility was essential for optimal success rate, regardless of HLA class I mismatches. The overall conclusion was that matching for HLA-DR was important to achieve optimal kidney graft survival on the molecular level but not on the serotyping level.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

The inheritance and breeding results of hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs.

The inheritance and breeding results of hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs (MHDs) were investigated. When the male hairless dogs were bred to female beagles, the birth ratio of hairless and haired dogs was 1:1. Mating between MHDs gave both hairless and haired pups. The results indicated that an autosomal dominant monogenic gene was responsible for their hairless characteristics. We propose the symbol Hm for this gene (hairless, Mexican type). The survival rate of hairless pups was markedly lower than that of haired ones. It was elevated to 50-90% by warming their cages to a minimum of 25 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic significance of posturally induced crackles. Long-term follow-up of patients after recovery from acute myocardial infarction.

We found that on pulmonary auscultation, fine crackles could be induced by changing the posture from sitting to supine and/or from supine to supine with passive leg elevation in patients without obvious congestive heart failure. We named these crackles "posturally induced crackles (PIC)." To investigate the relationship between PIC and long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction, we followed up 262 patients who recovered from acute myocardial infarction for a mean period of six years. Cardiac death occurred in three of 78 PIC-negative patients and in 28 of 143 PIC-positive patients. PIC-negative patients had a significantly better long-term prognosis than PIC-positive patients according to the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for cardiac death (p < 0.01). In a multilogistic model based on 70 appropriate cases, PIC was the third most important prognosticator after recovery from myocardial infarction and the number of diseased coronary vessels and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ranked first and second, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Estimation of nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy value of laboratory canine diets].

This study evaluates the reliability of the equation, metabolizable energy (ME) = digestible energy (DE) - 1.25 x digestible crude protein (DCP), as a means of estimating the energy value of non-purified diets for laboratory dogs. To do this, five digestion and nitrogen-balance (NB) trials and determination of the energy value of a diet were conducted using five diets and four mature, male Beagles for each experiment. The resulting digestibility of crude protein, acid ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract of these diets were 79.5%, 91.6%, and 84.8%, respectively. The NB in every diet was positive: 1.4-8.6 mg/g dry matter of ingested diet. Of the nitrogen (N) ingested, 21% was excreted into feces, 66% was excreted into urine, and 13% was retained. In terms of dietary gross energy (GE), 18% was lost in feces and 5% was excreted into urine leaving 77% as ME. Retained energy in the body was only 1%, and N-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) was 76% of GE. The average urinary energy (UE) loss per gram of urinary N was 7.84kcal. The correlation between UE/DCP and NB values is statistically significant: UE/DCP = 1.24-0.03NB, r = 0.798, P < 0.001. Therefore, UE/DCP is 1.24kcal/g at N-equilibrium, almost the same as the factor in the above equation. The ME value calculated by the equation is identical to the MEn value and both are significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the empirically determined ME value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

[Transrectal hyperthermia for chronic prostatitis].

Transrectal hyperthermia was performed on 13 patients with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis which failed to respond to the conventional treatments. We used "Prostathermer" (Biodan-Medical system, Israel) for heating the prostate gland. The prostate was heated at 42 degrees C-43 degrees C, for 60 minutes in 1 session. Treatment consisted of 6 sessions, and was performed during a period of three weeks on an outpatient basis. Of 11 patients re-evaluated after 3 months, 6 (55%) achieved improvement of subjective symptoms. Of 9 patients, 4 (44%) showed reduction of the number of white blood cells (> or = 10 leukocytes count per high-power field) in their expressed prostatic secretion (EPS), which however was not always correlate with improvement of subjective symptoms. No complications were encountered in our series. Our result indicates that local hyperthermia is safe, and would become new modality in the treatment for chronic prostatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Transurethral ureterolithotripsy with rigid ureteroscope--efficacy of balloon dilation of ureteral orifice and intramural ureter].

In order to minimize the late complications of transurethral ureterolithotripsy with a rigid ureteroscope such as distal ureteral stricture or vesicoureteral reflux, we have performed a balloon dilation of the ureteral orifice and the intramural ureter prior to insertion of a rigid ureteroscope in 62 cases with ureteral calculi between October 1986 and December 1991. A 7F balloon dilator (Bard Co. USA) was cystoscopically inserted into the ureter over a 0.038 inches Radifocus guide wire (Terumo Co., Japan) and then, a balloon was inflated to 15F size with saline using a 10 ml disposal syringe. Thereafter, an 11.5F rigid ureteroscope (Wolf Co., Germany) was inserted instead of a balloon dilator. The stone was disintegrated and removed by ultrasonic lithotripter, electrohydraulic lithotripter and/or basket forceps. The stone was removed completely in 45 cases (72.6%) and incompletely in 10 (16.1%). In 7 cases (11.3%), the stone removal was failed. Long-term follow up with an excretory urography obtained at 6 months or later in 31 cases showed no distal ureteral stricture. Voiding cystography was performed in 33 cases at a mean 2.8 months postoperatively and no vesicoureteral reflux was observed. In control group, 309 cases were treated with transurethral ureterolithotripsy without dilation of the ureteral orifice and the intramural ureter between the same period. A complete removal was achieved in 262 cases (84.8%) and an incomplete removal in 16 (5.2%). 31 (10%) was failed. Distal ureteral stricture due to this procedure was found in 3 cases (2.1%) in 141 long term followed up cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Laparoscopic nephrectomy; results of initial 14 cases and procedure for renal cell carcinoma].

Since July 1991, we have performed laparoscopic nephrectomy for removal of damaged kidneys in thirteen patients. In addition, we recently developed a new procedure of laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and successfully removed the kidney with renal cell carcinoma. Patients' age ranged from 18 to 80 years with the average being 50 years. There were 8 male and 6 female patients. Original disease was calculous disease in 5 patients, vesicoureteral reflux in 4, renovascular disease in 2, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 1, ectopic ureter in 1 and renal cell carcinoma in 1. The mean size of the diseased kidney was 9 x 5 x 4 cm in the initial 13 cases and 13 x 7 x 6 cm in the case with renal cell carcinoma. The size of the tumor was 2.5 x 2 x 2 cm. In the first 13 patients, nephrectomy was performed as described previously. In the patient with renal cell carcinoma, a new procedure was applied. In the new procedure, five trocars were introduced into the abdominal cavity through the lateral abdominal wall. The kidney was removed en bloc together with the adrenal gland, perirenal fat and Gerota's fascia in the same fashion as traditional radical nephrectomy. Thirteen kidneys were successfully removed, but one failed because of dense adhesion to the surrounding tissue. Three of the 13 patients required additional laparotomies to control bleeding or to remove missed stone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The effects of the treatment for acute rejection with OKT3 monoclonal antibody treatment on the long-term results of cadaveric kidney transplantation].

Although the efficacy of OKT3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) upon the steroid resistant rejection is well known, its beneficial effect on long-term result of kidney transplantation has not yet been well examined in Japan. A retrospective group study was performed to analyze the effect of OKT3 on the cadaver kidney allograft. Between September 1987 and October 1990, a total of 77 patients from four different hospitals were classified into 2 groups. Thirty-four patients from 2 hospitals were entered OKT3 therapy group and 43 patients from the other hospitals were entered steroid therapy group. Initial immunosuppression comprised low-dose cyclosporine (6 mg/kg), steroid and antilymphocyte globulin in both groups. In OKT3 therapy group, acute rejection episodes those were considered steroid resistant were observed in 7 patients. They were treated with OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Of the seven patients, six recovered normal renal function. The mild rejection in OKT3 therapy group was treated with high-dose steroid. Minimal follow-up was 2 years. The 2-year graft survival was 82.4% in OKT3 therapy group and 74.4% in steroid therapy group. Although the improvement on the 2 year graft survival with OKT3 treatment was 8%, the difference between two groups was not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical results in the treatment for primary carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter].

One hundred and five patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumor entered our treatment program between 1982 and 1991. Of 105 patients, 81 had resectable transitional cell carcinoma and were treated with radical or total nephroureterectomy (57 vs. 24) and/or lymph node dissection (66). Adjuvant chemotherapy was added in 26 patients with high stage disease and with lymph node disease. There were 61 male and 20 female patients. Their ages ranged from 36 to 86 years, with a mean of 62 years. The follow-up period was 3 to 114 months, with a mean of 31 months. The estimated 5-year survival was 67% in all 81 patients. Classified according to the pathological stage, 5-year survival was 70% in pTis + pTa disease group, 91% in pT1 group, 88% in pT2 group, 53% in pT3 group, and 27% in pT4 group. Under the grading system, 5-year survival was 100% in grade 1 disease, 74% in grade 2, and 26% in grade 3. It was 78% in 52 patients with negative node disease and 26% in 15 with positive node disease. There were 51 patients (61%) with no recurrent disease. Seventeen patients (21%) had recurrence in the bladder after a median latent period of 8-month, and 15 (19%) patients had recurrence in the retroperitoneum, liver, lung and (or) other site after a median latent period of 8 months. The results of this series were quite similar to those of previous reports. The efficacy of lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy could not be confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tetrafibricin, a novel fibrinogen receptor antagonist. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological activities.

Tetrafibricin is a novel fibrinogen receptor antagonist produced by Streptomyces neyagawaensis NR0577. It was isolated from the culture broth by Diaion HP-21 adsorption, MeOH extraction, MCI GEL CHP-20P column chromatography, preparative HPLC and Toyopearl HW-40 SF column chromatography. The physico-chemical properties of tetrafibricin indicated that the structure of tetrafibricin is different from the known peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists and closely related to the polyene macrolide antibiotics. Tetrafibricin strongly inhibited the binding of fibrinogen to its receptors with an IC50 of 46 nM. It also inhibited ADP-, collagen-, and thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets with IC50s of 5.6, 11.0 and 7.6 microM, respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

The significance of cystoscopy for the diagnosis of urothelial tumour.

Authors have studied the aetiology of asymptomatic microhaematuria on the basis of complete urologic examinations including cystoscopy, excretory urography, ultrasound, urinalysis and urinary cytology. In 10 out of 422 patients transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder were found. Bladder cancer was the most common malignancy among the lesions found by our evaluation of patients with microhaematuria. We conclude that cystoscopy should be an essential part in the aetiological evaluation of microscopic haematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The influence of pulmonary "venous" compliance on the static pulmonary compliance: a study of patients with left-sided heart disease with normal respiratory function].

In heart diseases, such as mitral stenosis and angina pectoris, the static pulmonary compliance has been reported to be decreased. By definition, the pulmonary "venous" system consists of the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. It plays an important role as the reservoir for the left ventricle. In this laboratory, the pulmonary "venous" compliance (Cp"v") has been evaluated as delta V/delta P of a short segment of the P"V" volume-pressure curve. To evaluate the influence of Cp"v" on the static pulmonary compliance and to speculate about the mechanisms of the reduction in static pulmonary compliance in left-sided heart disease, hemodynamic data and static pulmonary compliance (Cst) were measured in 27 patients with left-sided heart disease. Cst was measured with esophageal balloon technique in a sitting position. The static volume-pressure curve was fitted by a sigmoid model: V = Vm/(1 + e(A-P)/kappa), where kappa is a shape constant and an index of the lung stiffness. The pulmonary blood volume (PBV) was estimated with our own method, using radionuclide (RN) angiocardiography. The mean pulmonary artery wedge pressures (PAW) were measured using a floating catheter. Cp"v" was calculated as the delta V/delta P from the increment of pulmonary "venous" volume (delta V) and that of PAW (delta P) that occurred during passive elevation of the legs. Pulmonary arterial compliance (Cpa) was obtained from an analysis of the diastolic decline in pulmonary arterial pressure wave forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗