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Biomedical subjects

S Ohsawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohsawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The release of nitroglycerin absorbed into the central venous catheter.

This study was conducted to evaluate the release of nitroglycerin (NG) that has been absorbed into the central venous catheter. A 0.05% NG solution was infused through a central venous catheter and the flow rates were set at 1, 5, or 10 ml/h, given over 12, 24, or 48 h. The catheter was flushed with lactate Ringer solution after completion of the NG infusion. The elution of the lactate Ringer solution from the tip of the catheter was then collected and assayed for its NG concentration by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A higher concentration of NG was released with a faster flow rate and a longer infusion. The high level of NG release continued during the first 20 min, and ranged from a minimum of 0.07 mg/ml to a maximum that exceeded 0.15 mg/ml. Subsequently, the NG concentration gradually declined, but low concentrations of 0.006-0.02 mg/ml were still maintained 360 min later. Thus, it is suggested that if a catheter such as the Swan-Ganz continues to be used after the completion of a NG infusion, certain pharmacological effects due to the absorption of NG into the catheter body should be expected for at least 60 min.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

Hexachlorobenzene accumulated by dams during pregnancy is transferred to suckling rats during early lactation.

The distribution of ingested stable, lipophilic environmental pollutants in dams and their transfer to fetuses and sucklings were investigated in rats fed a diet containing a small amount (35.1 nmol/100 g diet) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). In the first experiment, we examined the distribution of HCB in pregnant and nursing rats fed the HCB diet during pregnancy and lactation. Its transfer to their sucklings was also studied. On d 16 after parturition, HCB concentrations in the blood, and subcutaneous and perirenal fat of nursing rats fed the HCB diet during pregnancy and lactation were approximately 1/3.5, 1/15 and 1/2.8, respectively, those of pregnant rats fed the HCB diet only during pregnancy. On the other hand, the HCB concentrations in the blood, and subcutaneous and perirenal fat of sucklings were approximately 6, 29 and 15 times higher than those of their dams. Therefore, a large amount of HCB apparently was transferred from dams to suckling pups through the milk. In the second experiment, we fed dams the HCB diet only during pregnancy and determined the distribution of HCB in the pregnant rats and fetuses as well as in the nursing rats and suckling pups. The estimated amount of HCB transferred from a dam to her fetuses corresponded to about 0.39% of her total intake during pregnancy. The amount of HCB detected in nursing rats on d 16 after parturition was much smaller than that in the pregnant rats, suggesting that a large proportion of the HCB that accumulated during pregnancy disappeared from the organs and fat tissues during lactation. The HCB concentration in the stomach contents of suckling pups fed by the dams who had consumed HCB before parturition was highest on d 2 after birth and decreased gradually during the 16 d after birth. In the blood, liver and fat tissues of suckling rats, the HCB concentrations increased until 7 d after birth and then decreased gradually. We conclude that the HCB that accumulated in dams during pregnancy was transferred to their suckling pups through milk in the early days after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Heel lifting as a conservative therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip: based on the rationale of Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy.

Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip were treated with a conservative therapy of heel lifting. Orthoses were applied on 35 hips in 33 subjects and the cases were followed for 23 months on average. Dramatic pain relief was reported, but the time required to reduce or completely relieve pain increased according to the stage of osteoarthritis. The radiological results were not satisfactory. During the follow-up, only two hips showed improvement, 22 showed no change, and 11 deteriorated. The mechanism of heel lifting in relation to the hip joint was analysed, showing that pelvic obliquity was achieved and the trunk stabilized. In conclusion this simple orthosis was effective as a palliative therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

[The leaflet fracture of a 19 mm SJM (HP) valve during valve insertion to the calcified small aortic annulus].

Aortic valve replacement was undergone in a 70-year-old woman with calcified aortic stenosis. Calcified and fused tricuspid aortic valve was excised and a 21 mm sizer passed with some difficulty through the annulus. A 19 mm SJM HP serious was selected and the horizontal mattress suturing technique was used. The valve was held at the cuff near the hinge guard and seated into the annulus by the usual amount of pressure, however, one leaflet fracture was retrieved and the valve was removed. A 19 mm standard SJM valve was then successfully implanted. The potential factors of leaflet fracture suggested that the leaflet thickness of smaller sized SJM valves showed smaller values than other bileaflet valves in the same sized-valves. In addition, the SJM valve does not have an orifice stiffening ring like other bileaflet valves. So, needless to say direct pressure to the leaflet, indirect pressure might cause valve destruction during insertion. The abnormal pressure applied to the direction from one hinge guard to the other can introduce deforming of the orifice ring resulting in leaflet fracture like this case. The pressure directed to the perpendicular direction may introduce leaflet escape due to the deforming of the valve orifice.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Geranylgeraniol causes a decrease in levels of calreticulin and tyrosine phosphorylation of a 36-kDa protein prior to the appearance of apoptotic features in HL-60 cells.

It was demonstrated recently that geranylgeraniol (GGO) has potent apoptosis-inducing activity in various lines of tumor cells, including HL-60 cells. In the present study, we found that GGO markedly inhibited the expression of a calcium-binding protein, calreticulin, prior to the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, we also observed a significant decrease in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 36-kDa protein that is a major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that decreases in levels of calreticulin and in the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 36-kDa protein might be associated with the induction of apoptosis by GGO in HL-60 cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Thrombotic obstruction of a reinforced ringed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft caused by formation of a pseudoaneurysm at a nonanastomotic site: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 72-year-old man in whom a nonanastomotic pseudoaneurysm arose from a reinforced ringed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) graft (Gore-Tex, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) following an axillobifemoral bypass. The pseudoaneurysm developed 2 years after graft insertion and induced graft thrombosis. The development of the pseudoaneurysm can be attributed to the fact that his axillobifemoral bypass graft was so short it deformed the proximal anastomosis, and the graft was subcutaneously tunneled onto the major pectoral muscle. These technical errors placed the graft under too much tension in the longitudinal direction, which resulted in graft disruption and pseudoaneurysmal formation, followed by thrombosis of the axillary artery. Moreover, the possibility of direct trauma at the time of insertion cannot be substantiated. Although the very poor compliance and design of the externally supported ring could not tolerate stretch deformity in the Gore-Tex graft, only one other case of a nonanastomotic pseudoaneurysm has ever been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of boiled barley-rice-feeding in hypercholesterolemic and normolipemic subjects.

Barley contains approximately 10% dietary fiber and is easily cooked with rice, the dominant cereal in Japan, to increase the intake of dietary fiber. This research involved three experiments to examine the influence of barley on blood lipids in human subjects. All subjects received a boiled barley-rice (50/50 w/w mix) supplement two times per day in place of rice for 2 or 4 weeks. In the normolipemic subjects, serum lipids were unaffected by the ingestion of barley for 4 weeks. In twenty hypercholesterolemic men aged 41 +/- 5 years, the ingestion of barley was associated with a significant fall in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, phospholipids and LDL and VLDL-lipoproteins. In seven mildly hypercholesterolemic women aged 56 +/- 7 years, a significant improvement of serum lipid profiles was observed. The present study suggests the possibility that the ingestion of barley-rice could lower serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Geranylgeraniol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells.

We screened various isoprenoids to find inducers of apoptosis for human leukemia HL-60 cells, and found that GGO (geranylgeraniol) had the most potent apoptosis-inducing activity, as judged from DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells. The apoptosis-inducing activity of GGO is concentration- and time-dependent. DNA synthesis by HL-60 cells was selectively inhibited on treatment with GGO. Besides HL-60 cells, apoptosis was induced by GGO in various tumor cell lines, including human myeloid multipotential leukemia K562, lymphoblastic leukemia Molt3, and colon adenocarcinoma COLO320 DM.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Novel role of vitamin K2: a potent inducer of differentiation of various human myeloid leukemia cell lines.

When myeloblastic ML1 cells were cultured in the presence of Vitamin K2 (menaquinone, VK2), the population of cells capable of reducing NBT increased to 83.5% at low VK2 concentration of 1 microM, indicating VK2 induces cellular differentiation. VK2 also exerted differentiation-inducing action on histiocytic U937 and promyelocytic HL60 cell lines. None of these effects were observed with Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone, VK1), suggesting the geranylgeranyl group of the side chain of VK2 to be essential to these effects. Combinations of VK2 with other differentiation-inducers such as interferon-gamma, retinoic acid, or camptothecin additively or synergistically induced the differentiation of HL-60 cells. These results suggest that VK2 may safely be used in differentiation therapy in combination with other inducers.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1994

Joint-preserving operations for elderly patients with advanced and late-stage coxarthritis.

Forty-one hips in 38 elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the hips, operated on with joint preserving techniques at the age of 55 years or more, were analyzed clinically radiologically. Bilateral involvement was seen in 13 cases. Ten hips were operated on after this study, before the patients were 55 years old, or no operation has yet been done. The average age at operation was 59 years, and the average preoperative hip scores (Merle d'Aubigné) were as follows: pain 2.8; range of motion (ROM) 4.4; gait 3.4. Average preoperative hip flexion and abduction were 88 degrees and 20 degrees respectively. Mean follow-up period was 57 months, and mean final hip scores were: pain 5.1; ROM 4.6; gait 4.0. Significant improvement was seen in pain and gait scores but no improvement in ROM scores. Excellent and good scores were achieved in half of the cases. Failure was seen in four cases. Hip pain recurred in nine patients. Five out of these patients were classified as atrophic according to Bombelli's classification of osteoblastic response of osteoarthritis of the hip. The responsiveness of the femoral head influenced the clinical results of the joint-preserving operations.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1992

T-independent polyclonal activation of B cells in vitro by immunoglobulin binding substance (IBS) from the granary weevil.

Experiments are described for T-independent polyclonal activation of B cells in vitro by the immunoglobulin binding substance (IBS) from the granary weevil. The affinity-chromatographically purified IBS was used. IBS is a heat-, alkali- and acid-stable glucopeptide which is characterized by non-specific immunoglobulin binding to the Fab fragment. The purified IBS consists of three polymer homologues whose molecular weights are 12-14,000, 25-30,000 and more than 150,000 Da. IBS did not stimulate DNA synthesis by murine T cells, macrophages or plasma cells whereas it did stimulate that by mature B cells without any help from T cells or macrophages. IBS also stimulated both in vitro IgG production by spleen cells and in vitro sensitization of spleen cells by sheep red cells (SRBC). IBS was found to stimulate DNA synthesis by B cells mediated by binding to surface immunoglobulins of B cells. IBS is thought to be a useful amplifier for inducing human hybridomas and a valuable tool for examining mature B cells, both diagnostically and experimentally.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Glomerular deposition of alpha 2-macroglobulin in a child with steroid refractory nephrotic syndrome.

A four-year-old male with steroid refractory nephrotic syndrome was found to have diffuse deposition of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in the glomeruli which showed diffuse mesangial proliferation and partial hyalinization by light microscopy. Camostat mesylate, a commercially available synthetic proteinase inhibitor, led to biochemical and clinical improvement. Twenty-two patients with 7 biopsy-proven renal diseases did not have any deposition of alpha 2M in their kidney tissue. Though the pathogenetic mechanism is unknown, this is probably the first report of the deposition of alpha 2M in renal tissue.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

A new model of plastic ankle foot orthosis (FAFO (II)) against spastic foot and genu recurvatum.

A plastic ankle foot orthosis (AFO) was developed, referred to as functional ankle foot orthosis Type 2 (FAFO (II)), which can deal with genu recurvatum and the severe spastic foot in walking. Clinical trials were successful for all varus and drop feet, and for most cases of genu recurvatum. Electromyogram studies showed that the FAFO (II) reduced the spasticity of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles and activated the quadricep muscles. Gait analysis revealed a reduction of the knee angles in the stance phase on the affected side when using the FAFO (II). Mechanical stress tests showed excellent durability of the orthosis and demonstrated its effectiveness for controlling spasticity in comparison with other types of plastic AFOs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of survival rates of sportsmen utilizing Cutler-Ederer method.

Few studies have been conducted in Japan on the relationship between sports and the length of human life, i.e. the life-prolonging effect of exercise. In this paper, we conducted such research on 3,113 male graduates of a national university having a faculty of physical education. The subjects were divided according to their academic majors, which included physical education, humanities, and science courses. The following results were obtained: 1) Comparison of ages at death showed that physical education majors were distinctly represented in lower age groups. 2) Comparison of average ages at death by dividing the subjects into 20-year intervals according to their years of birth, revealed that physical education majors do not necessarily live longer and tend to die relatively young. 3) Comparison of average ages at death, including death by war, indicated that physical education majors lived 8.572 and 7.792 years less than humanities and science course majors, respectively. When death by war was excluded, the results were 6.189 and 5.548 years, respectively. Both results were statistically significant. 4) Comparison of cumulative survival rates utilizing Cutler-Ederer method showed that the rates of survival of physical education majors were low.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A study of urinary tegafur, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and uracil concentrations in the cases of gastric carcinoma for the confirmation of drug-taking compliance after UFT oral administration].

We have measured urinary tegafur (FT), 5-FU and uracil concentrations after UFT oral administration (300 mg daily for 7 days) to confirm drug-taking compliance in the 17 cases undergone gastrectomy. Urinary FT and 5-FU concentrations reached to the plateau 2 and 3 days after administration, respectively, and were maintained until the day after termination of administration. Subsequently, FT and 5-FU concentrations also decreased about 50% at 2 day, 20% at 3 day, 10% of the plateau values at 4 day after termination, respectively. The mean plateau value of urinary FT was 12.9 +/- 6.8 micrograms/dl, and that of urinary 5-FU was 0.67 +/- 0.50 microgram/dl. On the other hand, uracil concentration, was not different before and after administration because of the uracil being present endogenously. Therefore, it was suggested that measurement of urinary FT and 5-FU concentrations is useful for confirmation of UFT-taking compliance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical significance of antibody against oncofetal antigen-I in patients with gynecologic tumors].

Oncofetal antigen-I (OFA-I) is a membrane antigen of human cancer cells that cross-reacts with fetal brain tissues. OFA-I has been shown to be immunogenic in man by its ability to provoke humoral antibody in cancer patients which has tumoricidal potential with in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. This study evaluated the antibody profile against this antigen in relation to the course of disease. Twenty seven out of 39 patients with gynecologic tumors had persistently stable antibody levels and antibody titer in six of them increased by more than 4-fold. These patients did not show either recurrence or death, but had a good prognosis. In twelve patients, antibody levels dropped by more than 4-fold and was followed by clinical recurrence and death. These studies show that persistently stable antibody titers are predictive of non-recurrence, and decreasing titers predictive of recurrence.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗