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Biomedical subjects

S Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohno.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Sulfasalazine therapy for hypergammaglobulinemia in patients with Sjögren's syndrome].

Steroid therapy has been used in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and hyperviscosity syndrome due to hypergammaglobulinemia. We report here the use of sulfasalazine therapy on patients with Sjögren's syndrome and serum immunoglobulin G levels of more than 3000 mg/dl. Sulfasalazine was used because of its inhibitory effect on B cells. Serum levels of immunoglobulin G and A were decreased after 8 weeks' administration of 1000 mg/day sulfasalazine. However four of the eleven patients experienced a side effect (skin rash). Sulfasalazine therapy could be used continuously and appeared to be an effective therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Suppression of experimental uveitis with monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 and LFA-1.

PURPOSE: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is one of the ligands for lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), plays an important role in immune responses. To examine whether ICAM-1 and LFA-1 are involved in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), the authors investigated the therapeutic effect of anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1A29 and anti-LFA-1 alpha chain mAb WT.1 on retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag) and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced EAU in rats. METHODS: After immunization with S-Ag and FCA, rats were intraperitoneally injected with a monoclonal antibody, anti-ICAM-1 mAb 1A29 or anti-LFA-1 alpha chain mAb or control Ab, at 1.0 mg/kg body weight, according to the treatment schedule. Inflammation was examined clinically and histologically. Proliferative responses of splenocytes to S-Ag were also examined. RESULTS: The development of EAU could be completely prevented by the administration of 1A29, 1.0 mg/kg, twice a week from day 0 to day 14, but was only partially suppressed by WT.1. However, semiweekly administration of 1A29 from day 0 to day 7, or from day 10 to day 17, did not suppress EAU. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that ICAM-1, LFA-1-dependent pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of EAU. In addition, these pathways seem to be required for both the induction and the development of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice.

PURPOSE: To examine the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in the induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), the authors compared in vivo TNF production in EAU-susceptible and EAU-resistant strains of congenic mice and attempted to determine whether TNF can enhance the inflammation in EAU by injection of TNF at the time of immunization. METHODS: The production of TNF after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in B10.A and B10.D2 mice was measured by bioassay with L929 cells. The incidence and severity of EAU was compared between the group immunized with conventional methods and the group that alternatively received additional subcutaneous injection of recombinant human TNF (rhTNF) at the time of immunization in both B10.A and B10.D2 mice. RESULTS: Serum concentration of TNF after stimulation with 50 micrograms of LPS was significantly higher in B10.A mice than in B10.D2 mice. The incidence of EAU in B10.A mice was 60%, but it was only 10% in B10.D2 mice using the conventional method. Extremely severe chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis occurred in B10.A mice with the injection of rhTNF at the time of immunization for EAU. The incidence of EAU in B10.A and B10.D2 rose to 100% and 40%, respectively. When administered alone, rhTNF did not cause any inflammatory change in the uvea. CONCLUSIONS: The rhTNF was found to enhance the immune response to interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in mice. These results suggest that susceptibility to EAU is in some part mediated by the ability of mice to produce TNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Membrane skeleton in fresh unfixed erythrocytes as revealed by a rapid-freezing and deep-etching method.

A rapid-freezing and deep-etching method for examining en face the cytoplasmic aspects of unfixed erythrocyte membranes is described, which provides improved resolution. Normal human erythrocytes were centrifuged, washed in a phosphate buffer solution and pelleted. Glass coverslips were coated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and glutaraldehyde to make erythrocytes stick to them. A drop containing the erythrocyte pellet was sandwiched between 2 coverslips. The attached erythrocytes were slowly split open in the cytosol buffer solution. The specimens on coverslips were rapidly frozen in an isopentane-propane mixture (-193 degrees C), deeply etched and rotary shadowed with platinum and carbon. Filamentous structures were observed to form fine networks on the cytoplasmic side of erythrocyte membranes. The length of the filaments was shorter than that previously reported for glutaraldehyde-fixed filaments. The number of intersections between filaments was increased as compared with the previous data. It is concluded that dense in situ networks of short filaments beneath erythrocyte membranes can be viewed in a relatively intact state by splitting fresh unfixed specimens followed by the rapid-freezing and deep-etching method.

Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1994

HTLV-I seroprevalence in patients with undefined uveitis in central Japan.

Recently, human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been shown to cause endogenous uveitis, HTLV-I associated uveitis. To investigate the association of hereditary or environmental factors with the incidence of this uveitis, HTLV-I seroprevalence was studied in patients with undefined uveitis in central Japan, where HTLV-I infection has not been considered highly endemic. Of 129 patients with undefined uveitis, 6 (4.6%) were seropositive, and 4 of these 6 seropositive cases with undefined uveitis were born in southwestern Japan, where HTLV-I infection is highly endemic. As regards the incidence rate of uveitis, 4 of 9 (44.4%) seropositive cases from southwestern Japan developed uveitis, whereas only 2 of 21 (9.5%) seropositive cases from central Japan developed uveitis. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This results suggests that the incidence of HTLV-I associated uveitis could be influenced by environmental or hereditary factors including HLA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A retrospective study of herpes simplex keratitis over the last 30 years.

The clinical features of herpes simplex keratitis seen in 370 eyes of 356 patients (211 males and 145 females) in the outpatient clinic of the Yokohama City University hospital during the last 30 years (1963-1992) were statistically analyzed. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 75 years (mean 38.4 years). Bilateral herpetic keratitis was seen in 11 patients (10.4%) in the period of 1980-1992. Epithelial keratitis, stromal keratitis, and corneal endotheliitis were observed in 67 patients (57.3%), 46 patients (39.3%), and 4 patients (3.4%), respectively, in the period of 1980-1992. There was no significant change in the incidence of the types of corneal lesions during the last 13 years as compared with those in the previous 17 years (1963-1979). Life-table analysis revealed that 5-year recurrence rates were 17.5% in patients treated with acyclovir (ACV) and 52.9% in those treated with idoxuridine (IDU). The recurrence rate in ACV-treated patients was significantly lower than that in IDU-treated patients. Severe cases, such as those complicated by deep corneal ulcers with hypopyon, descemetoceles, or necrotizing keratitis, were decreased in number in ACV-treated patients, as compared with IDU-treated patients.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1994

[Survival rate of patients with diabetic retinopathy after vitreous surgery].

We studied various factors affecting the survival rate after vitreous surgery in 140 patients with diabetic retinopathy, who had undergone vitreous surgery between 1982 and 1990, according to the life-table theory and Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year survival rate was 95.8%. The most common cause of death was cerebro-cardiovascular disease in 75.0%. The ratio of the observed number of deaths (O) to the expected ones (E), the O/E ratio, was significantly higher in patients who had undergone surgery between 55 and 69 years of age. The O/E ratio was significantly higher in both cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease groups. Factors associated with a lower survival rate included age at operation, history of nephropathy, and neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics and sequence of the recurrent patterns after curative esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: A large number of patients with esophageal cancer experience recurrence, even when a curative operation is performed. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of recurrence after a curative esophagectomy. METHODS: The patterns and the time of recurrence after curative esophagectomy were examined in 187 cases of thoracic esophageal cancer. Ninety-five of these patients died of evident recurrence. The recurrence patterns were classified into lymphatic, hematogenic, mixed type (lymphatic and concomitant hematogenic), and intramural recurrences. RESULTS: The number of cases in each recurrence group were 46, 23, 22, and 4, respectively. The disease free intervals were fairly closely correlated with pTNM stage in the lymphatic and mixed type groups whereas they were within 2 years in all cases of the hematogenic group. Among the 22 cases of the mixed type, hematogenic recurrence preceded lymphatic recurrence in only one case. Furthermore, 17 of 20 cases with either cervical or mediastinal lymph node recurrence of the mixed type were accompanied with lung recurrence, whereas the remaining two cases with abdominal lymph node recurrence had liver recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that most mixed type recurrences and most lymphatic ones are primarily caused by lymph node metastases; thus the importance of a radical lymphadenectomy was supported. On the other hand, a careful examination for hematogenic recurrence is essential soon after operation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

[Intracellular signaling system as a network of signaling circuits].

Elucidation of the function of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as well as of receptors and their signal transduction mechanisms revealed a complex intracellular signaling network, which consists of a variety of signaling cascades as well as feedback circuits. One of the major characteristics of the signaling network is that the system contains a mechanism controlling the amounts and nature of the components. The mechanism controlling the amount of the components involves regulation of transcription factors which are activated upon extracellular stimuli and regulate expression of a variety of genes such as the gene for the factor itself as well as other transcription factors, making cascades and feedback circuits of gene regulation. This seems to act as a cellular machinery determining the timing of cell responses, which governs the whole signaling network.

Cell Death↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of susceptibility genes in sarcoidosis].

In order to investigate immunogenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, sixty-three patients with sarcoidosis, who were diagnosed histologically, were tested for HLA antigens. Controls consisted of 120 healthy subjects. A lymphocyte cytotoxicity test was used for typing HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQ and -DR antigens. HLA-DP genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The frequencies of HLA-DR52 and its associated antigens (HLA-DR5, -DR6 and -DR8) were significantly increased in the patients as compared to the control subjects. On the contrary, the frequencies of HLA-DR53, -DR1, and -DR4 were significantly decreased in the patients. The frequency of HLA-DPB1*0402 was significantly lower in the patients. No significant differences were observed in HLA-DQ antigens. These results suggest that HLA-DR52 associated antigens contribute to the susceptibility to sarcoidosis in Japanese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Serum adenosine deaminase and angiotensin converting enzyme activity in patients with endogenous uveitis].

Serum activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated in 32 patients with sarcoidosis, 22 patients with Behçet's disease, 22 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's (VKH) disease and 253 healthy controls. In healthy controls, the ADA level was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). In patients with sarcoidosis, the serum ADA level was significantly higher in both males and females than in the controls (p < 0.01). In patients with Behçet's disease, the serum ADA level was significantly higher than in the controls (p < 0.01) in males only. In VKH disease, the serum ADA level showed no significant difference from the normal controls. Significant elevation of the serum ACE activity was observed only in patients with sarcoidosis (p < 0.01). Serum ACE activity was therefore considered to be more specific to sarcoidosis than serum ADA activity.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1994

[Two cases of IIP which developed acute exacerbation after bronchoalveolar lavage].

We reported two cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) who developed acute exacerbation after bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). One case was a 67-year-old male who presented with dry cough and exertional dyspnea. He was diagnosed as IIP and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis. BAL was performed after administration of prednisolone. He complained of severe dyspnea after BAL and was diagnosed as having an acute exacerbation of IIP. In spite of extensive treatment including pulse therapy with methylprednisolone, he died. The other case was a 57-year-old male noted to have a chest X-ray abnormality who presented with dry cough and dyspnea on exertion. He was diagnosed as having IIP and primary lung cancer. BAL was performed to evaluate the activity of IIP, and respiratory distress subsequently became severe. After BAL, he developed an acute exacerbation of IIP and died in spite of treatment. In both cases, peripheral white blood cell counts were increased just before BAL. It was suggested that this condition might participate in acute exacerbation of IIP. It should be kept in mind that some patients with IIP may develop acute exacerbation after BAL.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A case of lung cancer with cryptococcal infection in resected lymph nodes].

A 68-year-old female was admitted because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film. Chest CT showed a nodular shadow in right S3a. Right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node resection was performed under a diagnosis of lung cancer made by TBLB. Pathological examination of the resected lung revealed well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In addition, examination of the resected lymph nodes showed granulomas, some of which contained numerous cryptococci and showed central caseous necrosis, and others showed non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas suggesting sarcoid reaction. No cryptococcal infection was found in the resected lung. Mediastinal lymph node involvement of cryptococcus in this case was considered to be the lymph node component of the primary pulmonary complex of cryptococcosis. Such a primary complex was demonstrated in 1% of the cases of cryptococcosis in previous reports.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early gastric cancer].

Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection were evaluated in patients with early gastric cancer. According to postoperative chemotherapy, seven hundred and thirty-one patients were divided into four groups as follows. MMC+FT group: those who received mitomycin C and tegafur; MMC group: those receiving MMC; FT group: those given tegafur or 5-FU; NC group: those who never received chemotherapy. Postoperative recurrence was observed in 25(3.4%) of the 731 patients. Relationships between rates of recurrence or survival with clinicopathological findings were assessed among the four groups. In cases with cancer cell invasion of the intralesional veins, recurrence tended to occur less in the groups given postoperative chemotherapy, compared to the NC group. When a positive venous invasion was determined, rates of recurrence in the MMC+FT, MMC, FT and NC groups, were 7.4, 0, 0 and 35.7%, respectively. On the other hand, in relation to other clinicopathological findings, no differences were observed in rates of recurrence among those groups. As for the survival rate, no differences were observed in the clinicopathological findings among the four groups. These findings indicate that adjuvant chemotherapy may contribute to prevention of postoperative recurrence in patients with early gastric cancer, especially in cases with positive venous invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Regulation of delta protein kinase C during rat ovarian differentiation.

Studies were undertaken to classify protein kinase C (PKC) forms present in rat corpora lutea and to begin to evaluate their regulation during ovarian differentiation. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) column chromatography of rat luteal tissue revealed the presence of multiple forms of PKC (alpha, beta, delta, zeta). Identification of the PKC isoforms was based upon elution positions from HAP column chromatography and immunoreactivity. The delta PKC isoform was identified as the major Ca(2+)-independent form of PKC present in rat luteal tissue. The Ca(2+)-independent, lipid-dependent phosphorylation of the 80-kDa delta PKC was readily detectable in soluble luteal extracts and was shown to reflect autophosphorylation of delta PKC. To evaluate the regulation of PKC isoforms during ovarian differentiation, PKC protein levels were compared between preovulatory follicle-enriched ovaries and corpora lutea obtained on day 16 of pregnancy. Levels of delta PKC protein were greatly elevated in corpora lutea compared to levels in preovulatory follicles. In contrast, levels of alpha and beta PKC protein remained constant while levels of zeta PKC were slightly higher in the follicular than the luteal extract. Levels of delta PKC mRNA were also higher in corpora lutea than in preovulatory follicles. These results are the first to demonstrate the physiological regulation of delta PKC with follicular differentiation into corpora lutea and implicate a role for this prominent PKC form in the corpus luteum during pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Behçet's disease associated with one of the HLA-B51 subantigens, HLA-B* 5101.

The strong association of Behçet's disease with HLA-B51 in several ethnic groups is well known. Because the HLA-B51 antigen has been recently identified to comprise three alleles, HLA-B* 5101, HLA-B* 5102, and HLA-B* 5103, we sought to investigate whether there is any correlation of one particular allele among them with B51-positive patients with Behçet's disease. Forty-six Japanese patients with Behçet's disease and HLA-B51 were typed by using the alloantisera, which allowed the subdivision of B51 antigen by the microlymphocyte toxicity assay. All the patients were found to carry HLA-B* 5101. This result suggests that amino acid substitutions at residue 167 or 171 prevent the development of Behçet's disease, because HLA-B* 5101 differs from HLA-B* 5102 and HLA-B* 5103 by single amino acid substitution at residues 171 and 167, respectively, or that another non-HLA gene tightly linked to the HLA-B* 5101-associated haplotype around the HLA class I gene region is responsible for the susceptibility to Bechçet's disease. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying an HLA association with Behçet's disease.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Staurosporine-related compounds, K252a and UCN-01, inhibit both cPKC and nPKC.

The potent inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), H7, staurosporine, and staurosporine derivatives, were examined for their inhibitory effects on novel PKC (nPKC) isozymes delta and epsilon. H7 and staurosporine, usually used as selective inhibitors of PKC, showed similar inhibitory effects on cPKC (a mixture of cPKC alpha, beta, and gamma) and nPKC delta and epsilon. The inhibitory effects of K252a, a non-selective protein kinase inhibitor, on cPKC was 3.2- and 22-fold higher than those on nPKC epsilon and delta, respectively. The staurosporine derivatives UCN-01 and UCN-01-Me also showed selective inhibition of cPKC.

Alkaloids↗