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Biomedical subjects

S Ohman

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An improved formula for the judgement of intrathecally produced IgG in the presence of blood brain barrier damage.

In order to develop a better formula for discrimination between transsudated and intrathecally produced IgG, we studied the relation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG, serum IgG, CSF albumin, and serum albumin for patients with blood brain barrier (BBB) damage. From this study we derived a new formula, IgG extended index = (CSF IgG/serum IgG)/(CSF albumin/serum albumin). Applying this index on 152 patients with BBB damage, but not expected intrathecal IgG synthesis, yielded 14 patients (9.2%) with increased (greater than 1.24) IgG extended index. In comparison, 'conventional' IgG index was increased in 34 of the patients (22%). The diagnostic sensitivity for 68 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), did not differ significantly between the two formulas (81 and 87%, respectively). A formula for the estimation of 24 hours IgG production was also developed, but this formula was not better than IgG index. Children (0.5-16 yr) had similar IgG patterns as adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of hematocrit and added heparin on ionized calcium in capillary blood samples from neonates.

Sampling of capillary blood for determination of ionized calcium (Ca2+) in neonates requires that extra heparin be added to prevent clotting in the sampling tube and (or) in the Ca2+ analyzer. Because the additive dissolves in the plasma compartment, different hematocrit (erythrocyte volume fraction, EVF) values may cause different results for Ca2+. To study the effect of EVF and heparin additive, we repeatedly removed plasma, thereby increasing the EVF. These samples with different EVF's were aspirated into commercial capillary tubes containing heparin and, according to our routine procedure, an additional 10 microL (approximately 0.9 int. unit) of sodium heparin. We found a negative bias of 0.05-0.09 mmol/L in Ca2+, depending on the EVF. Adding saline instead of heparin gave the same effect, indicating that this bias was entirely due to dilution. We suggest compensating for this by adding 0.09 mmol/L to the actual value for ionized calcium when EVF exceeds 70%. The increase in Ca2+ in neonates on days 1 to 5 postpartum is physiological and not an effect of change in EVF.

Calcium↗
PubMed1987

Detailed IgG and IgE antibody patterns during immunotherapy with honey bee venom.

Fourteen patients with a known honey bee venom (HBV) allergy were followed during 1-2 years of immunotherapy. HBV-specific IgG antibody levels increased in all patients but one. HBV-specific IgE antibodies decreased slightly during the first year of therapy. The ratio HBV-specific IgG-/IgE showed a marked increase during the first year for most of the patients, and a further increase during the second year in the four patients followed that long. As could be expected an increased radiostaining was found after 1 year of treatment to all important allergens in IgG CRIE, but after 2 years a sustained or increased radiostaining was obtained to phospholipase (PLA) alone. A decreased radiostaining might more easily be seen with weaker immunogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of concentration of orosomucoid in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in different neurological diseases.

We compared orosomucoid levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with aseptic meningitis, multiple sclerosis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, CNS-affecting leukemia/lymphoma, and CNS-tumor with the levels in a reference group not having neurologic diseases. Because of possible blood brain barrier damage, we corrected for orosomucoid derived from serum by using the orosomucoid index, i.e. (CSF/serum orosomucoid)/(CSF/serum albumin). Elevated CSF orosomucoid was found in several diseases. In no case, however, was there any evidence of intrathecal synthesis of the protein. We concluded that CSF orosomucoid determination, when used as the only, measure, is of limited clinical value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A preliminary study of immunotherapy with a monomethoxy polyethylene glycol modified honey bee venom preparation.

Monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) modified honey bee venom (HBV) immunotherapy (IT) has been studied in 14 patients allergic to honey bee venom. Doses could be increased more rapidly and higher doses were reached compared to regular venom immunotherapy. No general side effects were seen, although large local swellings were found somewhat more often than with regular HBV. Most patients could easily be switched from the modified to the unmodified venom. Eight patients experienced and tolerated field stings. Skin testing showed a decreased allergenicity of the mPEG-HBV. The mean HBV-specific IgE level was below pre-treatment level already after only 6 weeks of IT. The HBV-specific IgG response was very good.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

IgG and IgE antibody patterns after immunotherapy with monomethoxy polyethyleneglycol modified honey bee venom.

Antibody responses to honey bee venom (HBV) were studied in 13 patients during a 4-month course of immunotherapy with monomethoxy polyethyleneglycol (mPEG) modified venom. There was a rise of HBV-specific IgG antibodies as measured by IgG-RAST in all patients and a slight decrease of IgE antibody in most of them. The IgG-antibody responses during mPEG-HBV treatment as examined by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis were directed to phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and to another allergen, antigen 1. Thus, despite a high degree of mPEG-modification of HBV, the immunogenicity of the most important HBV allergens was retained.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The diagnostic and predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid lactate in children with meningitis. Its relation to current diagnostic methods.

One hundred and thirty-three children with suspected meningitis aged from 11 days to 16 years were investigated with routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory methods: microscopy of a Gram-stained smear, bacterial culture, determination of leukocytes, lactate, and the CSF/blood glucose ratio. On the basis of bacterial cultures and clinical course, the children were classified into three groups: bacterial meningitis (n = 18), aseptic meningitis (n = 28), and a control group (n = 87). The main intention was to study the relation between current diagnostic methods and lactate. CSF lactate levels and cell counts, related significantly (p less than 0.01) better to the presence of bacterial meningitis than CSF/blood glucose ratios. Lactate levels exceed 2.4 mmol/l in all children with bacterial meningitis, but in none of the control group. Of 28 children with aseptic meningitis 3 had lactate in the range 2.5-2.7 mmol/l, while the others had values of 2.4 mmol/l or less. We consider CSF lactate to be the best predictor in the clinical decision to institute antibiotic treatment of children with suspected bacterial meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Plasma fibronectin concentration in suspected septicaemia is related to severity of sepsis.

Low plasma fibronectin levels have been reported in patients with septic complications following surgery, major trauma or burn injury. Our purpose was to evaluate fibronectin in suspected septicaemia and its relationship to severity of infection and clinical outcome. In 51 consecutive patients with infection classified as mild (group A), severe (group B) or severe complicated by septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation or multiple organ failure (group C), the respective mean initial fibronectin concentrations were 85% +/- 10 (SD), 55% +/- 15 and 44% +/- 13 of the reference mean (0.35 g/l). In statistical analysis the groups differed significantly from each other and from controls. All 11 patients with mild infection had fibronectin values above the lower reference limit, which was 60%, whereas in 15 of 16 group C patients and all seven fatal cases in that group the initial fibronectin values were below 60%. Plasma fibronectin rose with clinical improvement, but remained low in patients with persisting septicaemia. The results confirmed earlier reports of low fibronectin levels in septic states, and indicate that low concentration is of prognostic value and is related to the severity of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis analysis of "yellow jacket-common wasp" (Vespula spp.).

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) pattern of Yellow jacket vespid venom showing 25 immunoprecipitates was used in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) analysis with sera from 35 subjects allergic to vespid venom. Phospholipase A and B, hyaluronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and a lytic active component were demonstrated in immunoprecipitates using zymography and direct haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. CRIE analysis proved the allergenicity of these proteins. In addition, another antigen (Ag 17) with no detectable enzymatic or lytic activity was identified as an important allergen. This allergen is most likely identical to the previously described Antigen 5 in vespid venoms. By using CIE/CRIE the presence and complexity of multiple forms of the allergenic protein components were well demonstrated.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (Hoffman). Complete healing associated with oral zinc therapy.

A 24-year-old man with a one-year history of perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (Hoffman) was treated with oral zinc sulfate. Complete healing was seen after three months and the treatment was continued for a total of six months. No relapse has occurred during a five-year follow-up. The mechanisms through which zinc therapy might influence inflammatory conditions are not fully understood.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

A method for quantitative wet chemical analysis of urinary calculi.

We describe a simple method for quantitative chemical analysis of urinary calculi requiring no specialized equipment. Pulverized calculi are dried over silica gel at room temperature and dissolved in nitric acid, which was the only effective agent for complete dissolution. Calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate are then determined by conventional methods. Oxalate is determined by a method based on the quenching action of oxalate on the fluorescence of a zirconium-flavonol complex. Uric acid, when treated with nitric acid, is stoichiometrically converted to alloxan, which is determined fluorimetrically with 1,2-phenylenediamine. Similarly, cystine is oxidized by nitric acid to sulfate, which is determined turbidimetrically as barium sulfate. Protein is determined spectrophotometrically as xanthoprotein. The total mass recovery of authentic calculi was 92.2 +/- 6.7 (SD) per cent. The method permits analysis of calculi as small as 1.0 mg. Internal quality control is performed with specially designed control samples.

Cations↗
PubMed1984

Bee keepers' IgG and IgE antibody responses to bee venom studied by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.

The immune response to honey bee venom in thirty-seven bee keepers' sera was studied by several methods. Specific IgE antibody levels studied by RAST were generally low, whereas specific IgG antibody levels studied by a Sepharose protein A technique were high. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis was applied for a detailed analysis of the antibody specificities towards the different components of venom in seventeen of the bee keepers' sera. Significant amounts of IgG antibodies were found towards most bee-venom components. The highest IgG response was directed towards phospholipase A. Hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and two uncharacterized antigens also showed distinct IgG binding. The IgG binding to melittin was low. The IgE binding to the bee venom components was low and primarily directed to the phospholipase. IgE binding to hyaluronidase and acid phosphatase occurred, but was also in very small amounts. One bee-keeper serum caused heavy radiostaining to melittin but the others did not show IgE binding to this component. Thus a low IgE but a high IgG response was demonstrated in bee keepers. The major immunogen was phospholipase A, which is known to be the major allergen in bee venom. Generally, the strongest IgG responses were found to the components capable of inducing the strongest IgE responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The composition of catheter encrustations, including the effects of allopurinol treatment.

The composition of encrustations precipitated on long-term indwelling urethral catheters was analysed using a newly developed wet chemical method that allows determination of small sample volumes. In contrast to earlier studies, the major portion of the encrusted material could be identified; ammonium magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphates (brushite and apatite) were the major components. The effect of allopurinol was also investigated and it was found to decrease significantly the amounts of urate and calcium phosphate but not to lower significantly the total amount of material precipitated on the catheters.

Allopurinol↗