Spontaneous Pneumocystis carinii infection in the dog with naturally acquired generalised demodicosis.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Ohba
Publications and source records attributed to S Ohba.
Effect of immune serum, an antibiotic, and a corticosteroid used alone or in combination on experimental leptospirosis in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).
We studied the effects of immune sera, an antibiotic, and a corticosteroid used alone or in combination on leptospira infection in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The results suggest that the combined used of immune serum and corticosteroid (pledonizoron: PZ) inhibits the effects of serum and the marked effects of antibiotic (procaine penicillin-G: PC-G) on leptospirosis. PZ had no effects and rather shortened the survival period. PZ did not affect the effects of PC-G when used in combination. These results suggest that treatment of leptospirosis with corticosteroids requires special caution.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Dihydropyrimidinuria: the first case in Japan.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Magnetic resonance imaging of pseudomalignant osseous tumor of the hand.
Noninfectious, nonneoplastic reactive processes of the hand, such as myositis ossificans circumscripta, pseudomalignant osseous tumor of soft tissue, and florid reactive periostitis, appear similar radiologically and histologically and are often difficult to differentiate. Magnetic resonance (MR) findings in two such lesions are reported. The extensive reactive change in the extraosseous soft tissue and the bone marrow and the relatively small extent of ossification may be characteristic. Although low-grade infection and small osseous neoplasms with reactive changes, such as osteoid osteoma, may still remain possible causes, MR imaging provides essential evidence for including noninfective, nonneoplastic reactive processes of uncertain cause in the list of differential diagnoses.
Adult↗
Metal ions affect neuronal membrane fluidity of rat cerebral cortex.
The effect of various metal ions on neuronal membrane fluidity was examined using 2-(14-carboxypropyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy, which has been used for the examination of membrane fluidity in hydrophobic areas by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Potassium, cobalt, calcium, magnesium, nickel, copper, ferric, and aluminium ions decreased the membrane fluidity while ferrous ions increased it at each high concentration. Sodium and zinc ions had no effect. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreased membrane fluidity at high concentrations. Nicardipine lowered membrane fluidity and flunarizine elevated it at each high concentration. There was no change in membrane fluidity by other calcium antagonists, nimodipine and nifedipine.
Animals↗
Probucol scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibited formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.
Probucol is suggested to have antioxidant properties. The direct scavenging action of probucol on hydroxyl radicals, superoxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were examined using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. Probucol scavenged DPPH radicals dose dependently but showed no effect on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide generated by Fenton reaction and by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively. It inhibited the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat cortex homogenate induced by ascorbic acid and FeCl2 at low dose, but it increased TBARS formation at high doses. Probucol showed no effect on the carbon centered radicals. Iron injection into the rat cortex, which is an experimental model for traumatic epilepsy, increased TBARS level in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum, but pretreatment with probucol inhibited the increase in these brain parts except for the hippocampus. These results suggest that the antioxidant property of probucol is partly due to its free radical scavenging effect.
Animals↗
[Serum adenosine deaminase and angiotensin converting enzyme activity in patients with endogenous uveitis].
Serum activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was investigated in 32 patients with sarcoidosis, 22 patients with Behçet's disease, 22 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's (VKH) disease and 253 healthy controls. In healthy controls, the ADA level was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). In patients with sarcoidosis, the serum ADA level was significantly higher in both males and females than in the controls (p < 0.01). In patients with Behçet's disease, the serum ADA level was significantly higher than in the controls (p < 0.01) in males only. In VKH disease, the serum ADA level showed no significant difference from the normal controls. Significant elevation of the serum ACE activity was observed only in patients with sarcoidosis (p < 0.01). Serum ACE activity was therefore considered to be more specific to sarcoidosis than serum ADA activity.
Adenosine Deaminase↗
Stabilization of microtubules by dynein-binding in vitro. Stability of microtubule-dynein complex.
We have studied the effects of dynein binding on the stability of microtubules in vitro, using Tetrahymena ciliary dynein and microtubules (three-cycled purified microtubules: 3 X-Mts and phosphocellulose-column purified microtubules: PC-Mts). To determine the relative stability of the microtubules, we first prepared the microtubules bound with dynein (Mts--dynein complex) and subjected the Mts-dynein complex to treatments that depolymerize the microtubules, such as dilution to below critical concentration of tubulin, calcium ions and lower temperature. Dark-field microscopy revealed that the microtubules in the Mts--dynein complex appeared intact under conditions which otherwise result in microtubule depolymerization. However, when dynein was dissociated from the Mts--dynein complex with addition of ATP, no microtubule was found in the specimens under the same conditions. That is, the microtubules in the Mts--dynein complex did not depolymerize upon dilution with the buffer solution to below critical concentration of tubulin. However, addition of ATP to the diluted specimen caused dynein to become separated from the Mts, resulting in complete depolymerization of the microtubules. Stability of the microtubules was also studied by the turbidity changes and was confirmed by the patterns of stained gel bands in electrophoresis. With the addition of calcium ion, the Mts--dynein complex decomposed into separate molecules dynein and tubulin. At the lower temperature of 0 degrees C, the 3 X-Mts--dynein complex was decomposed into dynein and tubulin, while the microtubules in the PC-Mts--dynein complex did not depolymerize. Although we have not yet studied the effects of cytoplasmic dynein binding on the microtubules, the results suggest that the stabilizing effect of dynein binding to the microtubules is one of the important functions of dynein in vivo.
Animals↗
Quantitative analysis of amniotic fluid pyrimidines for the prenatal diagnosis of hereditary orotic aciduria.
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Amniotic Fluid↗
Hyperaemia prior to acute cerebral swelling in severe head injuries: the role of transcranial Doppler monitoring.
Acute cerebrovascular congestion after a closed head injury is significantly related to intracranial hypertension. As an indirect method of cerebral blood flow measurement; transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) provides a rapid and noninvasive assessment of cerebral haemodynamics, including hyperaemic conditions. TCD examinations was serially performed in 35 patients with severe head injury with intact cerebral circulation; i.e. the mean flow velocity (MFV) patterns of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) did not show signs of cerebral circulatory arrest such as systolic spike, to and fro, or no flow. The results showed that the MFV of the MCAs and ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) in 9 of these patients increased sharply and pulsatility index (PI) decreased during 48-96 hours after the injury. This was soon followed by patterns of high intracranial resistance, consistent with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in monitored patients and acute brain swelling on repeated computed tomographic (CT) scans. The correlation between increased MFVs, decreased PIs, and cerebral haemodynamic changes leading to acute brain swelling is discussed. The number of patients who ended with severe disability, vegetative state, or death was 66% in this group of 9 patients, compared to only 34% for the 35 patients overall with severe head injury. Though the morbidity and mortality rates largely depend on the primary injury, the presence of acute cerebral swelling aggravate the grave course in these patients. And the ability of TCD to monitor the hyperaemic state prior to oedema should lead us to adjust the therapy in order to minimize the secondary insult related to intracranial hypertension.
Adult↗
Cerebral circulation in moyamoya disease: a clinical study using transcranial Doppler sonography.
Transcranial Doppler sonography was performed on eight patients diagnosed as Moyamoya disease. Angiographically, the patients-four adults (mean age 42) and four children (mean age 7.7)-underwent a complete six- or five-vessel angiographic study. The results showed the following: (1) Despite the presence of stenosis, all middle cerebral arteries showed very low-flow velocity compared to their ipsilateral distal internal carotid arteries. In adult cases, the difference was very significant (p < 0.02). (2) Relatively high-flow velocity was observed in the posterior cerebral arteries of children, and in the ophthalmic arteries of adult cases. (3) In several occasions, very low-flow velocity values were still detected despite the fact that with angiography, the respective arterial segments were hardly opacified. The relation and discrepancy between these results and the angiographic findings, and the potential application of transcranial doppler in assessing and grading the severity of moyamoya disease are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Long-term indwelling bilateral ureteral stents for bilateral hydronephrosis of unknown etiology.
We describe a rare case of long-term indwelling bilateral ureteral stents that were replaced yearly for 7 years because of azotemia associated with bilateral hydronephrosis of undetermined etiology on radiological examinations. During year 5 the patient had an uneventful gestation with delivery of a normal neonate by cesarean section. Hydronephrosis remained improved for 2 years after withdrawal of the stents.
Adult↗
Contact microradiographic analysis of feline tooth resorptive lesions.
Feline tooth resorptive lesions were studied using contact microradiographic analysis of ground sections. Contact microdiagram films were developed with a PIAS-imaging device, and decalcification patterns were evaluated, revealing a clear boundary between normal tissue and the resorptive area, which was different from the image of dental caries in humans. By contrasting analysis, decalcification signs appearing in human caries were not observed in feline resorptive lesions.
Adult↗
Effect of the novel histamine H2-antagonist 5,6-dimethyl-2-[4-[3-(1- piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]-(z)-2-butenylamino]-4(1H)-pyrimidine dihydrochloride on histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs.
Effects of IGN-2098 (5,6-dimethyl-2-[4-[3-(1-piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]- (z)-2-butenylamino]-4(1H)-pyrimidone dihydrochloride, CAS 126869-04-3) a novel histamine H2-antagonist, on histamine-induced gastric acid secretion were investigated in Heidenhain pouch dogs in comparison with those of famotidine, roxatidine acetate HCl and cimetidine. Orally administered IGN-2098 (0.03-1.0 mg/kg), famotidine (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), roxatidine acetate HCl (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) and cimetidine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent inhibition on histamine-induced gastric acid secretion, and ED50 values of IGN-2098, famotidine, roxatidine acetate HCl and cimetidine were 0.077, 0.024, 0.200 and 0.585 mg/kg, respectively. IGN-2098 was effective even at 6 h after administration and ED50 value was 0.315 mg/kg. IGN-2098 was effective also by intravenous route. The inhibitory effect of IGN-2098 on histamine-induced gastric secretion was not affected by the repeated administration of IGN-2098 (1 mg/kg b.i.d. for 14 days). These results show that IGN-2098 is a potent and long acting antisecretory agent and is a useful antisecretory drug for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Administration, Oral↗
Investigation of the clinical value of assessing renal size on computed tomography in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
We examined relationship between serum creatinine concentration (Scr) and renal size on CT scans on 32 occasions in 25 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As a result, a significant correlation was observed when the Scr was less than 5 mg/dl, as shown by the correlation coefficient (r) and P values of 0.803 and 0.0001, respectively. However, these values changed to 0.482 and 0.0093, respectively when 2 cases with Scr 6.2 and 6.4 mg/dl were included, and further changed to 0.005 and 0.9775 when an additional 4 cases with Scr 7.8, 9.9, 11.1 and 20.1 mg/dl were included. Renal size is therefore thought to be a useful parameter of renal function when the Scr is less than 5 mg/dl in ADPKD, but not when the Scr exceeds 6 mg/dl, and is regarded as useless for predicting the time at which dialysis would be required.
Creatinine↗
[Two cases of intrapulmonary teratoma].
We encountered two unusual cases of intrapulmonary teratoma, one in a 31-year-old female and the other in a 15-year-old female. The chief complaint of both patients was fever, and in both a consolidation was detected in the left upper lobe using routine radiography. We performed left upper lobectomy for the former patient and segmentectomy of the left lingual segment for the latter. Neither tumor communicated with the mediastinum. Histological examination revealed a pulmonary teratoma containing no thymic tissue in both. Intrapulmonary teratoma has been reported to be extremely rare, and only 27 cases including these two have been reported in the literature.
Adolescent↗
Transcranial Doppler sonography in carotid-cavernous fistulas: analysis of five cases.
Transcranial doppler sonography was performed transorbitally in five patients clinically diagnosed as unilateral carotid-cavernous fistula. Dural arteriovenous malformation related-shunts were detected in all the patients. In the normal eyes, the only doppler signals observed at an insonation depth of 45 to 55 mm were those of the ophthalmic artery. In the affected eyes, abnormal doppler signals with relatively higher flow velocity and lower resistance were observed. In three of the cases, these abnormal signals showed a flow directed anteriorly or away from the cavernous sinus, consistent with changes in the ophthalmic veins caused by the presence of the shunts. In two cases, however, the observed flows were directed posteriorly, the normal direction of these veins. The possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed in relation with angiographic findings. The use of transcranial doppler might provide a better understanding about hemodynamic changes in carotid cavernous fistulas.
Aged↗
Moyamoya disease associated with pituitary adenoma--report of two cases.
Moyamoya disease associated with prolactin (PRL)-producing pituitary adenomas occurred in two females with elevated blood PRL levels (285 and 120 ng/ml). Computed tomography revealed cystic tumors extending from the sella turcica to the suprasellar cistern. Carotid angiography demonstrated stenoses or obstructions of the bilateral internal carotid arteries at their end point and development of bilateral basal moyamoya vessels. Histological diagnosis in one case was PRL-producing chromophobe adenoma. No stigmata of neurofibromatosis or any history of irradiation was found. Compression of carotid arteries by the tumor was unlikely. These cases should therefore be classified as moyamoya disease accompanied by brain tumor, a very rare occurrence. The hypothalamic disturbance caused by moyamoya disease may have induced the hyperprolactinemia, resulting in secondary prolactinoma.
Adenoma, Chromophobe↗