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Biomedical subjects

S Ohara

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohara.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Fundamental studies on intravesical instillation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum for treatment of urinary bladder tumors. I: On the effects of intravesical instillation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in normal beagle dogs].

Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) is one of the most effective agents in the treatments of advanced bladder cancer, but little is known of its local and systemic toxicity when it is instilled intravesically. The objectives of this experiment were to study the local and systemic toxicity of intravesical DDP in order to know whether intravesical DDP is applicable for prophylaxis and/or definitive treatment of superficial bladder cancers. Six female Beagle dogs were used for the 48-hour retention study and 2 mongrel dogs were used for the 3-hour study. Plasma and bladder platinum concentration were measured following intravesical DDP, and also histopathological examination, urinalysis, complete blood count and blood chemistry were performed in order to know the toxicity of intravesical DDP. Plasma platinum concentration was not elevated significantly and no remarkable changes were observed in blood examinations after intravesical DDP. Bladder tissue platinum concentration was significantly elevated up to 16.96 micrograms/g . wet after 3 hours DDP retention and 4.02 +/- 2.8 micrograms/g . wet after 48 hours retention in dogs. At present, intravesical instillation of DDP seems to have minimum local toxicity and no systemic toxicity, but further study is necessary for long term topical instillation of DDP.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Corticosteroid as an anti-emetic agent in cancer chemotherapy with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II)].

The anti-emetic effect of corticosteroid during cancer chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) is analyzed retrospectively. From November 1981 to April 1984, 23 of 50 patients receiving CDDP were given corticosteroid as an anti-emetic. Corticosteroids, methylprednisolone (80-500 mg/day) or hydrocortisone (200-480 mg/day), were administered intravenously for 1 to 3 doses. Including 4 patients who had no symptoms, 60% of patients were free from nausea and vomiting. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly lower than that in patients who were not given corticosteroid. Corticosteroid reduced gastrointestinal symptoms in 2 of 3 patients who had prior CDDP treatment. There were no remarkable adverse reactions except acne in 2 patients. A further controlled study is needed to determine the appropriate dose and modality of administration of corticosteroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of fasting on mucus glycoprotein in rat stomach.

Quantitative changes and chemical composition of gastric mucus glycoproteins in rats after fasting for 24 and 72 hr were studied. The amount of glycoproteins increased in the corpus mucosa during these periods (220% in control for 72 hr), but remained the same in the antrum. The acidity of corpus glycoproteins decreased during the fasting.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Changes of gastric mucus glycoproteins with aspirin administration in rats.

The qualitative changes of gastric mucus glycoproteins occurring after aspirin dosing in rats were further investigated. Mucus glycoprotein contents of test animals were 55 and 53% of the control value at 3 and 7 h after dosing, respectively. The glycoproteins were further fractionated by CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. 5 fractions were separated, 1 unadsorbed (fraction 1) and 4 adsorbed (fractions 2-5). Ratios of the major fractions 1:2:4 were 36:47:17 for control, 40:35:25 3 h after aspirin dosing, and 47:33:20 7 h after aspirin administration. Fractions 1, 2, and 4 corresponded to sulfomucin and sialomucin (relatively high content of sialic acid), sialomucin, and neutral mucin, respectively. While the absolute amount of each mucus glycoprotein fraction decreased with aspirin administration, the diminution of fraction 2 was distinct.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis in human gastric mucosal biopsies.

Sulfated mucus glycoprotein biosynthesis by human gastric mucosal biopsies was studied. Human gastric healthy specimens and cancer specimens were obtained from antral and corpus normal mucosal areas by biopsy. A comparison was made of the biosynthesized sulfated mucus glycoproteins assessed by the incorporation of 35S-sulfate and 14C-glucosamine into the specimens using an organ culture technique. A significant uptake of 35S-sulfate or 14C-glucosamine into the mucus glycoproteins was demonstrated in all specimens. 14C-glucosamine incorporation into the glycoproteins was almost the same for all biopsies. The synthesis of sulfated glycoprotein in healthy antral mucosa was about four times that in corpus mucosa. Significantly raised levels in sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis were found in cancer specimens, being about 30 and 13 times higher in antrum and corpus mucosa than that of healthy specimens, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[A case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma growing with a polypoid pattern in the renal pelvis and ureter].

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is an unusual renal tumor, similar in some respects to Wilms' tumor and reported only in infants. We report a case of CMN in a 2-year-old boy. He was referred to us with a right abdominal mass. Excretory urogram, arteriogram and computed tomogram revealed a large malignant renal tumor on the right side. With a clinical diagnosis of Wilms' tumor of the right kidney, he received radiation and chemotherapy. After radiation and chemotherapy, tumor size was decreased. Right nephrectomy was performed on April 22, 1982. The kidney and tumor weighed 270 g and measured 12 X 7 X 5 cm. The tumor extended to the renal pelvis and the ureter with polypoid growth pattern. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of compact interlacing bundles of elongated fibromyomatous cells. Islands of entrapped glomeruli and tubules were also detected within the tumor. He was well and had no signs of recurrence of tumor at the age of 3 years.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Adrenal myelolipoma: report of a case with CT and angiographic evaluation.

A case of adrenal myelolipoma which was diagnosed preoperatively based on the combined examinations of computed tomography and angiography is presented. Computed tomography revealed a large suprarenal fatty tumor with increased density areas secondary to hemorrhage. Angiography demonstrated that the tumor originated from the adrenal gland.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

The site of sulfated glycoprotein biosynthesis in rat gastric mucosa.

The site of the synthesis of the sulfated glycoproteins in rat gastric mucosa using organ culture system has been studied. About 98% of the 35S radioactivity associated with the glycoproteins was found in corpus region. The sulfated glycoproteins were synthesized mainly in corpus, poorly in antrum and none in forestomach. The synthesized sulfated glycoproteins were heterogeneous by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl density gradients. The 35S-labeled oligosaccharides released from the glycoproteins under alkaline condition were composed of 4-8 sugar residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Endoscopic hemostasis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage by local application of absolute ethanol: a clinical study.

The procedure of endoscopic hemostasis with topical injection of absolute ethanol has been developed and applied since 1975 for the control of postoperative hemorrhage associated with diathermic polypectomy. Since June 1979, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhages other than varices have also been subjected to this procedure. This method is based on the principle of dehydration and fixation of the tissue with absolute ethanol. In this procedure, the bleeding vasculatures are dehydrated and fixed with consequent vasoconstriction and necrosis of the vascular wall including its endothelial lining, thereby thrombogenesis and hemostasis are facilitated. The troubled blood vessels fixed in vivo are disintegrated and disappeared. Rebleeding from the ulcer has been extremely rare with this method since the necrotized tissue seldom defoliates but often constitutes a part of the white coating and protects the base of ulcer. Treatment by this method has been successful in all 23 cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with endoscopic diathermy, and none has developed rebleeding. The hemostasis has also been successful in 51 cases (72 hemorrhagic lesions) with fresh blood clots adhering to the lesion, exposed blood vessels in the lesion or an actively bleeding lesion out of 126 cases referred for emergency endoscopic examination because of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage during the 3-year period from June 1979 to May 1982. After hemostasis, however, 3 patients received an elective operation and one patient was also operated due to perforation of the gastric wall. Rebleeding occurred in 3 cases more than a week after the hemostasis; one of these was the above-described operated case of perforation. The rebleeding occurred in stress ulcers following surgery for femoral fracture. The other two were at the terminal stage of malignancy and complicated with DIC respectively. Of the patients treated by this method, 8 died by causes other than gastrointestinal hemorrhage. All the rest of 39 cases attained cure of ulcer by the non-surgical treatment alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Combination therapy of gastric atypical epithelium and elevated type early gastric cancer with high frequency current and laser.

A total of 11 lesions, consisting of elevated type early gastric cancer and atypical epithelium of more than 2 cm in diameter which were found in 9 cases, were jumbo biopsied using high-frequency current and the specimens obtained were examined histologically. Based on the results, the final diagnosis was established in terms of the benign or malignant nature of the lesions, some modifications were made in the irradiation method in accordance with the depth of invasion of the gastric cancer, and the adequacy of the irradiation therapy was examined. Then, the remaining tumor was irradiated with laser. This combination therapy of high frequency current and laser can make up for the drawback associated with laser therapy which does not permit collection of specimens for pathohistological study.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonic endoscopy.

With the use of a linear scan type ultrasonic endoscope, the possibility of gastric fiberscopy with ultrasonic procedure in the estimation of the extent of deep infiltration of gastric cancer and in the transgastric diagnosis of pancreatic tumors was studied. Results revealed that the echogenicity of the tumor was more clearly recorded by ultrasonic endoscopy than routine ultrasonography taken via the abdominal wall. With improvements in both the probe and manipulation technique, the device is expected to achieve far-reaching contributions to the diagnosis of the deep invasion of gastric cancer and small-sized pancreatic tumors.

Adult↗