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Biomedical subjects

S Ogoshi

Publications and source records attributed to S Ogoshi.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ferric ammonium citrate-cellulose paste for opacification of the esophageal lumen on MRI.

OBJECTIVE: A new ferric ammonium citrate-cellulose mixture for use in MRI of the esophagus was evaluated for its ability to opacify the esophageal lumen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with esophageal disorders and ten patients with normal esophagus undergoing MRI at 1.5 T were given approximately 100 ml of the newly developed high-viscosity esophageal contrast preparation. Moreover, six of the patients with esophageal cancer were subjected to a second examination after radiation therapy. A total of 48 MR imagings were performed. RESULTS: Of the patients examined, successful esophageal opacification, graded as excellent, was obtained in 84.2, 78.9, and 57.9%, of the sagittal, axial, and coronal images, respectively. In cases of extrinsic disease involving the esophagus the contrast medium administration allowed the easy differentiation of the esophagus from adjacent mass lesions and proved very useful in identifying displacement and compression. In cases of esophageal carcinoma the contrast medium administration assisted in the measurement of wall thickness and length of the lesion as well as in the identification of the site of origin of the tumor. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that this product effectively opacifies the esophageal lumen in the majority of patients. We found that it is easy to use, is well tolerated, and does not produce artifacts.

Artifacts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New barium paste mixture for helical (slip-ring) CT evaluation of the esophagus.

Successful opacification of the lumen of the esophagus with cancer or paraesophageal diseases has not yet been fully achieved. Therefore, we have recently adopted a new method for complete and continuous opacification of the whole thoracic esophagus using our newly developed oral contrast agent with a helical (slip-ring) CT scanner. The agent consists of 3.6 (wt/vol)% carboxy-methyl cellulose sodium paste containing 2 (wt/vol)% barium sulfate. The results indicate that almost complete and continuous opacification of esophageal lumen was achieved. Our new method of esophageal CT is easy to perform and was well tolerated by patients, being therefore ideal for routine examinations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New barium paste mixture for helical (slip-ring) CT evaluation of rectal carcinoma.

We describe a new method for complete opacification of the rectum using helical CT and a newly developed anal contrast agent. Rectal cancers were easily identified in all of the 21 patients examined, and diagnostic accuracy in detecting local invasion was 94%. Our method of rectal CT is easy to perform and well tolerated.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arginine-supplemented diet decreases expression of inflammatory cytokines and improves survival in burned rats.

BACKGROUND: We examined whether the expression of inflammatory cytokines in organs was influenced by the enteral diet supplemented with arginine in burned rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g underwent catheter jejunostomy and received scald burns covering 30% of the whole-body surface area. Animals were divided into two groups: a control group (no supplemental arginine, n = 12) and an arginine group (supplemental arginine: 7.7 g/L, n = 10), which continuously received total enteral nutrition for 7 days (250 kcal/kg/d, 1.72 gN/kg/d). The following were measured after the experiment: (1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 in the spleen, thymus, lung, and liver by a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method, (2) inflammatory cytokines in the plasma and supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, (3) nitric oxide (NO) product, NO2-/NO3-, in the plasma and supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes by the Griess method, and (4) survival rate by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha was significantly decreased in the spleen and lung (p < .01, p < .05), IFN-gamma in the lung (p < .05), IL-1beta in the spleen (p < .05), and IL-6 in the thymus and liver (p < .05, p < .05) in the arginine group when compared with the control group. The production of TNF-alpha by splenic lymphocytes was suppressed in the arginine group in both concanavalin A (Con A)-treated and -untreated cultures (p < .01, p < .05). The production of IFN-gamma by splenic lymphocytes treated with Con A was suppressed in the arginine group (p < .05). The NO product in the supernatant without Con A was increased in the arginine group (p < .05). The mortality rate of the arginine group (0%) was lower than that in the control group (33.3%) on day 7 after the burn injury (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that dietary arginine supplementation decreases the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in organs and improves the survival rate after thermal injury.

Animals↗
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Effect of nucleotide and nucleoside mixture on rats given total parenteral nutrition after 70% hepatectomy.

After partial hepatectomy rats were used as a model of patients with liver tumor after extensive hepatectomy. Supplementation of a nucleotide and nucleoside mixture to the total parenteral nutrition solution in rats after 70% hepatectomy resulted in earlier restoration of the nitrogen balance in the first 3 days than the solution without this supplementation. This supplementation had no unfavorable effects on the compositions of the blood and urine, and particularly the metabolites of nucleic acids such as uric acid, beta-alanine, and beta-aminoisobutyric acid. A suitable ratio of nucleotides plus nucleoside to amino acids was tentatively concluded to be 1:2 g N with a calorie supply of 400 kcal.

Animals↗
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Effects of total parenteral nutrition with nucleoside and nucleotide mixture on D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.

The effect of a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture on liver injury of rats induced by D-galactosamine was studied by examining changes in function and histopathology of the liver. Animals with liver damage received total parenteral nutrition with glucose and amino acids supplemented with a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture containing inosine, cytidine, GMP, uridine and thymidine, or with uridine which inhibits galactosamine injury, or with liver cell extract containing flavin adenine dinucleotide and nucleic acid derivatives. As control, animals with liver damage received total parenteral nutrition with glucose and amino acids only. The serum GOT and GPT concentrations were significantly lower in the group supplemented with nucleoside-nucleotide mixture than those in other groups. A large dose (1.2 g/kg) of uridine inhibited liver injury, but a lower dose (0.14 g/kg) did not have any effect, whereas nucleoside-nucleotide mixture containing the same amount of uridine inhibited the injury. Liver cell extract also did not improve liver function. Thus infusion of a physiological and balanced mixture of nucleosides or nucleotides may improve liver function in rats with liver injury.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New multi-disciplinary treatment modality with RALS for patients with esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer is frequently found when it is already in the advanced stage and curative surgery for such cases is consequently difficult to perform. The new multi-disciplinary treatment for esophageal cancer presented here was, therefore, conceived to improve both the survival rate and quality of life of these patients. This combined treatment modality consists of limited surgery, external irradiation, intracavitary irradiation with remote-controlled after-loading system (RALS) and peri-operative chemotherapy. In the present series, 45 patients with esophageal cancer received esophagectomy and on another 11 patients bypass operation was performed. All patients were treated with this multi-disciplinary treatment after operation. A 3 cm-wide thin gastric tube was made from the greater curvature of the stomach of the patient using an autosuture apparatus (PLC55 or GIA). In the bypass operation, the jejunum was anastomosed to the original esophagus in the Roux-en Y fashion and jejunostomy was performed on the oral side of the Roux loop. A silastic tube of 9 mm inner diameter was inserted from the jejunostomy and placed into the original esophagus for the purpose of postoperative intracavitary irradiation with RALS. For the patients receiving esophagectomy, a similar silastic tube was also placed in the posterior mediastinum for intracavitary irradiation with RALS. The indication of the bypass operation was i) a tumor length longer than 9 cm on the X-ray film and/or ii) direct invasion to the aortic wall evident by CT or MRI examination. Two weeks after the operation, external irradiation to the mediastinum with Linac 10 MV X-ray, and to the bilateral cervical regions with Linac 15 MeV electron beam, was started. The irradiation doses were 30 Gy (2 Gy/day, 5 times/ week) and 48 Gy (4 Gy/day, 3 times/week), respectively. The intracavitary irradiation with RALS was started shortly before the end of the external irradiation period and was delivered from a 60Co source. The total dose was 24 Gy (6 Gy/day, once a week) for the esophagectomized cases, and 18 Gy for the bypassed cases. Two or three weeks after the termination of the radiotherapy, chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil was performed and repeated every 6 months for 2 years. All patients could eat normally and were discharged after finishing the first chemotherapy session. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49% for the esophagectomized cases and 11% for the bypassed cases. The longest survival time in the bypassed cases was 5 years and 4 months. Neither operative death nor severe complications were experienced during the treatment period. The results indicate that this newly developed multi-disciplinary treatment with RALS can improve the prognosis and the quality of life not only in the esophagectomized patients but also in the bypassed patients with advanced esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical characterization of p57KIP2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Functional defects in the CIP/KIP family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) have been shown to be associated with human malignancies. We immunohistochemically examined p57KIP2 (p57) expression in 92 patients with human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to determine the relationship between this expression and those of cyclin D1 and E. The p57 labeling index (LI) (defined as the percentage of p57-positive cells) in esophageal SCC was 43.3 +/- 3.2% (mean +/- standard error of the mean). In non-neoplastic esophageal epithelium, p57 staining was more frequently observed in the basal and parabasal cells than in surface layer cells. Immunostaining for cyclin D1 and E was observed in 28.2% (28/92) and 32.6% (30/92) of tumors, respectively. The median p57 LI in cyclin D1-positive cases was 66.2, and significantly higher than that in negative cases (31.9%) (p = 0.0009). There was no significant relationship between p57 LI and cyclin E expression (p = 0.147). As determined using Kaplan-Meier's method, loss of p57 immunoreactivity was not a prognostic factor for esophageal SCC (p = 0.548). Our in vivo findings suggested that p57 protein expression was positively correlated with cyclin D1 expression and that loss of p57 protein expression alone does not affect progression of esophageal SCC.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tricaprylin emulsion on protein turnover in scald burn rats.

Recently, the beneficial effects of administration of medium chain triglyceride (MCT), such as rapid oxidation and the efficient nitrogen sparing effect under severe stress, have been reported by many investigators. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of tricarpylin ++ on protein metabolism in comparison with long chain triglycerides (LCTs). Male Wistar rats weighing about 200g received scald burns on 25% of their body surface area and were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (228kcal/kg/day, 1.8g/kg/day of nitrogen) for 3 days. For the tricarpylin and the LCT groups, 50% of nonprotein calorie (NPC) was supplied with each lipid emulsion, and for the control group NPC was supplied with glucose alone. After TPN, the rate of protein turnover was measured by the method of Picou and Taylor-Roberts. Nitrogen balance, ketone bodies, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were also measured. The daily nitrogen balance was significantly more improved in the tricaprylin group than in the LCT and control groups. The rate of protein synthesis was higher than the rate of protein breakdown in the tricaprylin group. There was no significant difference in blood ketone bodies among the three groups. GOT and GPT levels increased in the LCT and the control groups but remained within the normal range in the tricaprylin group. There was no significant difference in blood ketone bodies among the three groups. GOT and GPT levels increased in the LCT and the control groups but remained within the normal range in the tricaprylin group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture on protein metabolism in rats after seventy percent hepatectomy.

The effect of a nucleoside-based mixture (OG-VI) on protein synthesis in partially hepatectomized rats was evaluated. Twenty male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g underwent 70% hepatectomy by Higgins and Anderson's method, and then were subjected to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 3 days: the control group received only standard TPN (S-TPN group) and the experiment group received standard TPN supplemented with a nucleoside-nucleotide mixture (13% W/V, OG-VI) (OG-TPN group). The rates of whole body protein turnover and protein synthesis and breakdown were determined for 3 days after hepatectomy by the method of Picou and Taylor-Roberts with [15N] glycine. The nitrogen balances on days 1 and 3 and the cumulative nitrogen balance were significantly higher in the OG-TPN group than in the control group. Moreover, the rates of protein turnover and protein synthesis were significantly higher in the OG-TPN group than in the control group. Thus, increase in protein synthesis, rather than change in protein breakdown, was concluded to be responsible for the better nitrogen balance of the OG-TPN group. These findings suggest that the nucleoside-nucleotide mixture was used for the syntheses of RNA and DNA through the salvage pathway in regenerating liver and that this resulted in enhanced protein turnover with simultaneous increase in protein synthesis.

Animals↗
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Early experiences of breast-conservation treatment combined with tamoxifen and CAF chemotherapy for breast cancer of stages I and II.

A total of 39 patients with breast cancer of stages I and II received breast-conservation treatment (BCT) combined with tamoxifen and systemic chemotherapy (CAF) from August 1989 to March 1993. All of these patients visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Radiology of Kochi Medical School Hospital, with an obvious desire to undertake BCT. During this period, another two patients with the same desire were treated with modified radical mastectomy, because of obviously positive surgical margins in frozen sections obtained at surgery. The percentage of patients treated by BCT was, therefore, 95.1%. All of the patients were females, and their average age was 49.9 years. Thirty-six of these 39 patients underwent lumpectomy, and another three patients with large-sized tumor or suspected extensive intraductal component underwent quadrantectomy or wide local excision. Nineteen of these 39 patients who were over 70 years old or had no clinically detectable axillary lymph node swelling received tangential field radiotherapy to their ipsilateral axillary region instead of axillary dissection. At the end of May 1993, the mean follow-up time was 22.4 months. Until now, one patient (T2N1M0, stage IIB) has died of distant metastases of breast cancer to bone, liver, lung, and brain, and another patient, aged 81, died of pneumonia with no evidence of breast cancer progression. The overall survival rates were, therefore, 100% (30/30), 90.0% (18/20), and 75.0% (6/8) at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively. Cause-specific survival rates were 100% (30/30), 94.7% (18/19), and 85.7% (6/7) at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗