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S Oda

Publications and source records attributed to S Oda.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Antibacterial activities of cefmenoxime against recent clinical isolates from patients of otitis media and otitis externa].

Bacteria clinically isolated from patients of otitis media and otitis externa were collected from various medical facilities across Japan during years 1988, 1990 and 1992, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefmenoxime and of reference drugs were determined against these strains. A comparative analyses of the obtained results revealed some trends described below. 1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multiple drug resistant Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and multiple drug resistant Proteus spp. showed a year to year trend toward a steady increasing. Relative frequencies of occurrence of MRSA in these years, however, remained comparable to that of early 1980's. 2. A year to year trend toward increasing was also found for resistant or insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillins and cephems. 3. Multiple drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were also detected but they showed no trend toward increasing.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

[Antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against fresh clinical isolates].

In order evaluate antimicrobial activities of cefodizime (CDZM), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of CDZM and other control drugs were determined against various clinical isolates, that were sent to our center from nation-wide medical institutions or were isolated and identified in our laboratory from various specimens of infected patients. The followings are a summary of the results: 1. Bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cephems including CDZM included Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Citrobacter diversus, most of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Some strains of Klebsiella oxytoca were resistant to cephems increases in beta-lactams resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and cephem resistant Escherichia coli seemed likely. Among Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii and Providencia spp. belonging to a category of so-called "mildly toxic bacteria", high portions of the strains examined were resistant to cephems including CDZM and these strains were also resistant to new quinolones, thus they showed multiple drug resistance. 2. MIC90's of CDZM against Streptococcus spp., H. infleunzae, Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and P. mirabilis, frequently found in daily treatment of infections, were less than < or = 0.025 to 1.56 micrograms/ml. This indicates that CDZM would be expected to have enough antibiotic activity in infections caused by above mentioned bacteria. However, cautions are needed in the treatment of infections by beta-lactam resistant S. pneumoniae, cephem resistant E. coli and cephem resistant K. oxytoca with CDZM. 3. Among the above mentioned "mildly toxic bacteria", many multiple drug resistant strains exist. Therefore, we evaluated an usefulness of concomitant use of CDZM with aminoglycosides in the treatment of infections by these bacteria, using other reports which indicates the usefulness in vitro and in vivo. 4. Antibacterial activities of CDZM we observed in this study seem to indicate that CDZM concentrations in infected areas are maintained at above MIC levels for relatively long periods of time.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

[Antimicrobial activities of polymyxin B against clinically isolated microbial strains. Results of MIC determination including high concentrations].

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for polymyxin B (PL-B), gentamicin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin against clinically isolated microbial strains collected since November 1992, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. Judging from the MIC distribution of PL-B against the studied strains including multi-drug resistant organisms of major strains of family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it appeared that no PL-B resistant strains were detected among those Gram-negative organisms within the antimicrobial spectrum of PL-B. 2. MICs of PL-B against most strains including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were distributed between 100 and 800 micrograms/ml. These results supported reports of other investigators that the eradication of Staphylococcus spp. including MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) was possible by the use of PL-B at 1 mg/ml. 3. MIC distribution of PL-B against organisms of the Bacteroides fragilis group was almost the same as the results described above.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

[Antimicrobial activities of sultamicillin against clinical isolates obtained from outpatients].

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for sultamicillin (SBTPC), and for other major oral beta-lactam agents against clinically isolated strains collected from outpatients during a period from August, 1992 to February, 1993, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The ratio of penicillinase (PCase)-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus was 96.0% and that of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 12.0%. MIC90 of SBTPC against S. aureus including MRSA was 6.25 micrograms/ml. No increasing tendency was observed for S. aureus resistant to SBTPC. 2. No resistant strains were found among Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis against penicillins (PCs) including SBTPC. But PCs and cephems (CEPs) insensitive or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae were observed in 22.0% among all the strains of S. pneumoniae. 3. 100% of the tested both strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were beta-lactamase producers. 12.0% of the tested strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 16.0% of the strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were also beta-lactamase producers. SBTPC showed strong antimicrobial activity against most of these beta-lactamase producing strains. However, in our study of beta-lactamase productivity using plural substrates and test methods, it appeared that a part of strains of E. coli might produce beta-lactamase of "Extended broad-spectrum". MICs of SBTPC and CEPs against those strains were distributed rather in a high range. 4. The results of the study suggested that the resistant strains of S. pneumoniae against PCs and CEPs might be increasing year by year. Some of strains of E. coli, resistance against the 2 agents were observed. It is important to keep observing changes in resistance of such organisms in the future. 5. The antimicrobial activities of SBTPC against clinically isolated strains in this study indicated potential problems such as those mentioned above. It is, however, also confirmed that SBTPC shows still strong antimicrobial activities against most of beta-lactamase producing strains found in daily medical examinations. Taking into consideration of the strong activities of SBTPC against so-called indirect pathogenicity caused by beta-lactamase producing indigenous bacteria reported lately, SBTPC may be a useful antibiotic for community acquired infections in the 1990's.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1993

[Antimicrobial activities of arbekacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients of a pediatrics ward].

Aiming at measuring the antimicrobial activities of arbekacin (ABK) against the strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated from pediatrics patients in 1992, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 antibiotics including ABK was determined and the coagulase types of those strains were also examined. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Among coagulase types of a total of 78 strains, Type II, Type IV and Type VII were 84.6%, 12.8% and 2.6%, respectively. No clear difference in coagulase types were observed among their origins of isolation. 2. MIC90 of ABK against 42 strains isolated from the air passage of suspected pneumoniae patients and 36 strains isolated from the blood of suspected septicemia patients were 1.56 micrograms/ml and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, and MIC90 of ABK against the 78 strains was 1.56 micrograms/ml, which was equal to that of vancomycin (VCM). 3. Most of these strains exhibited resistance against multiple antibiotic agents including cefmetazole (CMZ), imipenem (IPM), fosfomycin (FOM) and minocycline. Strains isolated from the blood were mostly resistant to multiple agents, and most of them were especially highly resistant to CMZ and IPM. ABK, however, showed potent antimicrobial activities even to those strains. These results were similar to the results obtained several years ago. 4. Considering the fact that ABK demonstrates not only potent antimicrobial activities against MRSAs isolated from the pediatric patients, but also shows remarkable clinical effects with concomitant use with beta-lactams or FOM, the prospect of ABK use in MRSA infectious diseases of children is excellent.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1993

[The antimicrobial activity of cefteram against recently clinically detected and isolated strains].

In order to examine antibiotic activities of cefteram (CFTM), its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) and those of other cephem drugs were determined against clinically isolated strains received from July 1990 to June 1991 and from July 1992 to February 1993 from medical facilities throughout the country and against clinically isolated strains detected in our laboratory in samples from patients with various infectious diseases. The obtained results are summarized below. 1. No CFTM-resistant strains were found among beta-streptococci, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae or even when found, they were present in extremely low proportions. 2. It appeared that Streptococcus pneumoniae insensitive or resistant to beta-lactams, as well as cephems-resistant strains of Escherichia coli were increasing. The former included benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PISP) of PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP), and the presence of the latter suggests the possibility of the existence of "Extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamase" producing strains. The MIC's of beta-lactams against the above PISP or PRSP, and against cephems-resistant E. coli tended to be high, but those of CFTM were relatively low (in most cases). 3. Proportions of strains resistant to cephems, including CFTM among Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, and Providencia rettgeri were high, and in addition, the existence of these cephem resistant species suggests an increase in multiple drug resistant strains that show resistance to new quinolone drugs. 4. As mentioned above, CFTM is by no means a perfect drug or utility drug and its antimicrobial activities do not cover some recent isolates with multiple drug resistance. Except problems encountered with so-called "attenuated" strains of bacteria, increases in resistance can only be observed at a level of MIC90's, and as far as MIC80's are concerned, CFTM still is as active as before and may be used in the treatment of most infections we encounter in normal medical practices.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

[Successful treatment by ranimustine (MCNU) of a patient with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)].

A 66-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of leukocytosis, anemia and splenomegaly in August 1989. The white cell count was 3.49 x 10(10)/l with 88.5% of the leukemic cells which were morphologically similar to prolymphocytes. On flowcytometric analysis, the leukemic cells were found to be positive for B-cell markers such as CD19, CD20, FMC7, Sm-IgM and Sm-IgD and negative for CD5 and CD25. The chromosome analysis demonstrated hyperdiploidy of 48, XX, (+3, +18). She was diagnosed as having B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and treated with alpha-interferon and VP therapy with progression. Complete remission was achieved after three courses of ranimustine (MCNU) administration. She relapsed after about one year without therapy, but when MCNU was administered again, a secondary remission followed. The prolymphocytes during the relapse stage also had the phenotypes of CD11b, CD13 and CD25. This case is considered to be rare with respect to both complete remission by MCNU and the immunophenotypic change of leukemic cells during the relapse period.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Bacteriological evaluation of combined effects of vancomycin and beta-lactams. I. Results against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

We previously reported a part of the results we obtained regarding antibacteriological synergism between beta-lactams and vancomycin (VCM) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This paper reports an additional assessment we made subsequently to the previous report regarding antibacterial effects of different beta-lactams and VCM concurrently used against MRSA. Assessed in this study were bacteriological synergistic actions between flomoxef (FMOX) and VCM, latamoxef (LMOX) and VCM, cefpirome (CPR) and VCM and imipenem (IPM) and VCM against MRSA. 1. Synergistic enhancements of therapeutic activities were observed against MRSA with FMOX +VCM, CPR + VCM and IPM + VCM, but the activity of LMOX + VCM was low. 2. Concentration dependencies of actions of these antibiotic agents against MRSA were strong for beta-lactams, but weak for VCM. These observations were opposite of the results for beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, or beta-lactams and tetracyclines against MRSA we reported previously. 3. It appeared that strong synergistic antibacterial effects were obtained with FMOX or CPR concentrations between 8 and 32 micrograms/ml when used with VCM, and IPM concentrations between 4 and 16 micrograms/ml when used with VCM, hence, in the therapy using these combinations, concentrations and dose intervals of beta-lactams employed should be carefully considered. 4. When these antibiotics are used together in in vitro experiments, values of MIC and FIC-index may be different depending upon experimental systems used.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

[Bacteriological evaluation of combined effects of vancomycin and beta-lactams. II. Results against gram-negative rods].

Evaluations were made for antibacterial activities of combination uses of flomoxef (FMOX) + vancomycin (VCM) against clinically isolated bacteria of family Enterobacteriaceae, and latamoxef (LMOX) + VCM, cefpirome (CPR) + VCM, and imipenem (IPM) + VCM against also clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. FMOX and VCM appeared to act independently against Enterobacteriaceae without showing synergism or antagonism. 2. Regarding antibacterial effects of LMOX + VCM, or CPR + VCM against P. aeruginosa strains, MIC values under the combined uses were approximately 1 dilution (2 folds) higher than LMOX or CPR used alone, but we did not consider that these results meant the presence of antagonism between the beta-lactams and VCM. 3. Experimental results suggested that an antagonistic relationship was present between IPM and VCM against P. aeruginosa. The degree of the antagonism was dependent on VCM concentrations. In other words, when VCM is present at a concentration between 4 and 128 micrograms/ml, MIC values for IPM increased 2 to 4 dilutions (4 to 16 folds), whereas in the presence of 1 to 2 micrograms/ml VCM, MIC values for IPM were close to those of IPM alone. Further, some of this tendency was observed for FMOX against bacteria of family Enterobacteriaceae in the presence of VCM. 4. These results suggest that the dose level of VCM should be considered based on a low range when a combination therapy is considered between beta-lactams and VCM in the treatment of infections with MRSA alone or with Gram-negative rods with MRSA.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

[Antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent clinical isolates from patients with ocular infections].

In order to study antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (OFLX), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of OFLX were determined against clinical isolates obtained from ophthalmic institutes all over the country and those isolated and identified from patients with various ocular infections during three years from September 1989 until August 1992, and the results were compared with those of the control drugs. The following results were obtained. 1. Compared with the reports by others presented from 1984 through 1986, increases were observed for strains with moderate or low susceptibilities to OFLX such as Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Serratia spp., and glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative rods ((G) NF-GNR). 2. Although incidence of resistance to OFLX increased among the above strains, remarkably low frequencies was observed for the occurrence of highly resistant strains to OFLX with MIC value > 100 micrograms/ml. 3. The antibacterial spectrum of OFLX covered (G)NF-GNR, and the activity of OFLX was superior to those of aminoglycosides, penicillins and cephems used as the control drugs. 4. Low incidence of highly resistant strains to OFLX and its broad antibacterial spectrum suggested the usefulness of a 0.3% OFLX ophthalmic solution in achieving concentrations exceeding MIC for a prolonged period of time.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1993

[Tissue oxygen metabolism and cellular injury in patients with septic multiple organ failure (SMOF)].

The present study was undertaken to study the pathophysiology of SMOF from the aspect of tissue hypoxia. Seventeen postoperative SMOF patients (9 survivors, 8 non-survivors) and 14 control ICU patients were evaluated their oxygen delivery (DO2I) and oxygen consumption (VO2I) in relation to cellular injury score (CIS) derived from 3 different intracellular metabolic indices, arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), osmolality gap (OG) and blood lactate. In the early stage, SMOF patients showed hyperdynamic state and increased VO2I, reflecting increased oxygen demand in tissue. However, CIS of SMOF was significantly higher than that of control in spite of increased VO2I, indicating relative tissue hypoxia might exist in vital organs resulting in cellular injury. Further deterioration of CIS was accompanied with decreased VO2I. These data suggest that impaired tissue oxygen metabolism correlates with cellular injury and might be one of mechanisms of organ failure in SMOF patients.

Cell Hypoxia↗
PubMed1993

[Antimicrobial activities of cefminox against recent clinical isolates].

Against main clinical isolates at our center in 1990 to 1992, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefminox (CMNX) and some other comparable cephems were determined. The results are summarized as follows. 1. As to the strains resistant to cephems including CMNX, annual increases were observed for Streptococcus pneumoniae among Gram-positive bacteria and Proteus vulgaris among Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, cephem-resistant strains of Escherichia coli were constantly isolated, and there were signs indicating that cephem-resistant strains would increase among strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 2. The annual increases in cephem-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae and P. vulgaris may respectively reflect the recent increases in the incidence of benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive strains of S. pneumoniae (PISP) and multi-drug resistant strains including oxime type cephems and new quinolones introduced into clinical use in the latter half of the 1980s. 3. Concerning antimicrobial activities of CMNX against recent clinical isolates, the same problems as described above will remain. However, these tendencies have been observed only with regard to MIC90. No remarkable changes have been noted for MIC50 or MIC80 at this time.

Cephamycins↗
PubMed1993

[Anesthetic consideration of a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis].

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare disorder but several clinical anesthetic experiences have been reported in Japan. We anesthetized a patient with this disorder for orthopedic operation with a low concentration of sevoflurane under monitoring of body temperature and we measured the concentrations of plasma ADH, cortisol and catecholamines levels before, during and after the operation. There were no problems during anesthesia and the patient awoke rapidly. ADH, cortisol and epinephrine concentrations showed slight elevations during and after the operation. The management of intraoperative body temperature and the necessary level of anesthesia were also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of blood purification in perioperative acute renal failure].

The technical aspects of blood purification have made a great progress during 1980's. We reviewed our experiences of blood purification for the past six years. Between 1986 to 1991, we treated 48 perioperative patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Four were intraoperative cases and 46 were postoperative cases. Three of four intraoperative patients received major cardiovascular surgery, and hemodialysis was connected directly to ECC in these three cases, and in other one case, ARF was treated with continuous hemofiltration (CHF). There was no intraoperative complication. One patient died of septic multiple organ failure (MOF), but other three patients were discharged uneventfully. Thirty five postoperative ARF patients showed oliguric ARF, and their major causes were LOS (65%) and septic shock (29%). We treated these ARF patients with CHF combined with HD (63%), CHF only (28%) and HD only (9%). There were 21 deaths (60%) in this group and most common cause of death was septic MOF. Eleven postoperative ARF patients showed non-oliguric renal failure, and major cause of this type of ARF was thought to be aortic dissection and relative hypotension (45%). We treated these non-oliguric ARF patient with HD only (73%) and HD combined with CHF (27%). One of these non-oliguric ARF patients died from ARDS.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

[Congenital oropharyngeal wall stenosis: a case of difficult endotracheal intubation].

We experienced a case of difficult endotracheal intubation. The patient was a 43 year-old female with congenital oropharyngeal wall stenosis. She was suffering from fibromyoma of uterus and an operation was scheduled under general anesthesia. Her natural voice was nasal. She denied having any respiratory difficulty or difficulty in swallowing. Respiratory function test revealed a low peak flow but the other data were normal. Preceding endotracheal intubation, at laryngoscopy we noticed a stenosis of upper airway because of the web, extending from the middle pharynx to soft palate and its diameter was about 1 cm. Ordinary endotracheal intubation was impossible because of the stenosis. In this case, fortunately we succeeded fiberoptic endotracheal intubation under spontaneous respiration. We conclude that the examination of the pharynx is very important during the perioperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activity in the supernatant of the cultured leukemic cells of adult T-cell leukemia with eosinophilia].

An adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) accompanied with eosinophilia is described. A 75-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of lymphadenopathy. Her leukocyte count was 73,300/microliters, with 35.5% abnormal lymphocytes and 19% eosinophils. A majority of lymphocytes expressed CD4+CD8-. Acute ATL was diagnosed, since anti-HTLV-1 antibody in her serum and monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA in her peripheral mononuclear cells were detected. She was treated with THP-adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (CPA), and vincristine (VCR). Abnormal lymphocyte and eosinophil counts decreased and there was improvement in the lymphadenopathy. However she then complained of lymphadenopathy again. Her leukocyte count rose to 76,300/microliters, with 89% abnormal lymphocytes. Combination therapy with CPA, VCR, and doxorubicin was started and there was a temporal regression in lymphadenopathy, but her lymphadenopathy recurred and she died. The activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was detected in the supernatant of the cultured ATL cells, although interleukin-3, interleukin-5, and GM-CSF activities were not detected in her serum. It seems likely that the secretion of GM-CSF by ATL cells are responsible for the eosinophilia.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of a combination therapy consisting of arbekacin and ampicillin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Investigations were made on effects of a combination therapy consisting of arbekacin (ABK) and ampicillin (ABPC) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The following conclusions were drawn. 1. A frequency of FIC index to be < or = 0.5 upon a combination therapy consisting of ABK and ABPC against MRSA was 48.7%, hence this therapy showed better antibacterial effects than the other 8 combination therapies consisting of ABK and other antibiotics previously studied. 2. A combination therapy consisting of ABK and ABPC against MRSA was better than any other combination therapy because ABPC had a higher binding affinity with penicillin-binding protein 3 of MRSA, and because a high antibacterial activity of ABPC was maintained during the combination therapy. ABPC did not lose antibacterial activity largely because MRSA dose not produce beta-lactamase, or most of MRSA produces little beta-lactamase activity. 3. Our data indicate that the success of a combination therapy against MRSA depends upon the effects of the drug under sub MIC concentrations.

Aminoglycosides↗