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Biomedical subjects

S Oda

Publications and source records attributed to S Oda.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/ampicillin against clinically isolated microbial strains].

Antimicrobial activities were examined for sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) against clinically isolated microbial strains in 1987, 1990, 1994. Besides, the beta-lactamase productivity and MICs of these strains were measured, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The ratio of beta-lactamase producing strains were 90% of methicillin (DMPPC)-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (MSSA), about 80% of DMPPC-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 100% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, 95% of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and 15-20% of Haemophilus influenzae. Several kinds of beta-lactamase productivity were observed. 2. Antimicrobial activities of SBT/ABPC against beta-lactamase producing strains of MSSA, M. (B.) catarrhalis, H. influenzae, and almost all of Enterobacteriaceae were stronger than those of ampicillin (ABPC) and piperacillin (PIPC), but antimicrobial activities of SBT/ABPC were weak against MRSA and cephems (CEPs)-resistant strains detected in some of Enterobacteriaceae. 3. It appeared that benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP) or PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) and CEPs-resistant Escherichia coli increased year by year. 4. Antimicrobial activities of SBT/ABPC were strong against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, M. (B.) catarrhalis and H. influenzae including beta-lactamase producing strains. Additionally, beta-lactamase inhibiting effect of SBT was observed against beta-lactamase produced by S. aureus and K. pneumoniae which demonstrate indirect pathogenicity. Thus, SBT/ABPC is an injectable antibiotic that is expected to demonstrate clinical usefulness, especially as the first line drug for the respiratory tract infections that are community-acquired.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of piperacillin against fresh clinically isolated strains].

In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of piperacillin (PIPC), along with control agents, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) were determined against fresh clinically isolated strains from January to June, 1994. 1. The MIC70's of PIPC against major strains were approximately equal to those reported in the mid 1980s. 2. Strains for the study were supplied in approximately equal numbers from community-acquired hospitals and general hospitals. The ratios of bacteria resistant to beta-lactams including PIPC were low in the former group and high in the latter. 3. "New types of beta-lactam-resistant strains" which did not exist in mid 1980s but found at this time included benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae, PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae, cephems-resistant Escherichia coli and beta-lactamase producing Prevotella spp. These bacteria were also found among strains obtained from community-acquired hospitals.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/ticarcillin against clinical isolates].

In order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/ticarcillin (CVA/TIPC) against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1992 and 1994, beta-lactamase activities were analyzed and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs. The results are as follows; 1. Compared to a report in 1980, the MIC distributions of CVA/TIPC against E. coli and P. aeruginosa did not show large differences. We found, however, that CVA/TIPC-resistant strains increased among Enterobacter spp. 2. Almost all of CVA/TIPC-resistant strains of Enterobacter spp. were also resistant to cephems and new quinolones, thus they were multiple drug resistant. 3. CVA/TIPC showed strong antimicrobial activities against penicillinase producing E. coli.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of cefepime against clinically isolated strains].

In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefepime (CFPM), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CFPM and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in 1994. 1. CFPM showed a wide antibacterial spectrum against Staphylococcus spp. and glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rods ((G)NF-GNR). Antimicrobial activities of CFPM against Staphylococcus spp. were stronger than those of ceftazidime (CAZ) and somewhat stronger than those of cefotaxime (CTX), and antimicrobial activity of CFPM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was same as that of CAZ. 2. Antimicrobial activities of CFPM against almost all of Enterobacteriaceae were stronger than those of CAZ and CTX. And CFPM showed strong antimicrobial activities against CAZ-resistant Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter spp. 3. Antimicrobial activities of CFPM were weaker than those of CAZ against some of strains of Klebsiella oxytoca, beta-lactamase high producing strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and than those of CTX against beta-lactamase high producing strains of Prevotella spp. 4. The feature of new cephems was demonstrated in that CFPM had wider antibacterial spectrum than cephems of previous genenations against Staphylococcus spp. and (G)NF-GNR and CFPM showed strong antimicrobial activities against almost all of oxacephem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

[Antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin against freshly isolated clinical strains from outpatients].

In order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC) against freshly isolated clinical strains obtained in 1995, beta-lactamase activities and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Detection frequencies of beta-lactamase producing strains were as follows: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (MSSA, 90.0%), Haemophilus influenzae (22.0%), Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis (100.0%), Escherichia coli (100.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (100.0%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (14.0%). It appeared that beta-lactamases produced by these strains were mostly penicillinase or enzyme of similar that. 2. Antimicrobial activities of CVA/AMPC against beta-lactamase producing strains were stronger than those of AMPC, and MIC90 of CVA/AMPC against benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was lower than those of sultamicillin, cefaclor and cefpodoxime. 3. CVA showed strong beta-lactamase inhibitory effect against M.(B.) catarrhalis of direct and indirect pathogenicity. We can expect CVA/AMPC to negate or decrease the influence of indirect pathogenicity.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1995

Clinical and histologic observation of replacement of biphasic calcium phosphate by bone tissue in monkeys.

Biphasic calcium phosphate, consisting of beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, was implanted in wide and deep periodontal osseous defects of monkeys in combination with the guided tissue regeneration technique. After 12 weeks, sites treated with a combination of biphasic calcium phosphate and guided tissue regeneration maintained the shape of the ridge, but both guided tissue regeneration and control sites (untreated) showed extreme resorption. A histopathologic investigation revealed that numerous macrophages contained small particles of ceramic within their vesicles and the active bone replacement occurred from the surrounding bone. Biphasic calcium phosphate has osteoconductive potential and this potential may be related to degradation by macrophage phagocytosis.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1995

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax transactivates the interleukin-6 gene in human rheumatoid synovial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) tax gene on interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and gene transcription in synovial cells, we established the synovial cell line, E-11, from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: E-11 cells were transfected with tax expression vector using the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method. IL-6 production and gene expression were investigated by ELISA and Northern blot analysis, respectively. To clarify how tax induces IL-6 gene expression, we used deletion analysis and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS: Transfection of the tax gene induced markedly high levels of IL-6 mRNA. Furthermore, the tax gene strongly transactivated IL-6 gene promoter activity assayed by CAT assay. By using deletion and site specific mutations, we have identified a nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B sequence (positions -73 to -63) which is essential for tax transaction. EMSA demonstrated the induction of specific binding of nuclear extracts to the NF-kappa B sequence by HTLV-I tax. CONCLUSION: The HTLV-1 tax gene may transactivate IL-6 gene in the synovial cells through NF-kappa B and may contribute in the pathophysiology of HTLV-I associated arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Transcriptional regulation of the human interleukin-6 gene promoter in human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected T-cell lines: evidence for the involvement of NF-kappa B.

Freshly isolated leukemic cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines constitutively produce high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein and mRNA. To clarify the mechanisms that lead to the activation of IL-6 gene in HTLV-I-infected cells, we first studied the regulatory regions in the IL-6 gene transcription by transfection of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmids containing the IL-6 promoter. When transfected into HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines MT-2 and HUT-102, IL-6 promoter/CAT plasmids were strongly activated without any stimulation. By deletion analysis of 5' upstream region of IL-6 promoter, the DNA region between -73 and -59 bp from the transcription start site of IL-6 gene was important in the expression of IL-6/CAT activities in HTLV-I-infected cells. This region contains nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B binding site. The site-directed mutation of the kappa B motif in IL-6/CAT plasmid resulted in the complete abrogation of IL-6 promoter activity in these cells. Furthermore, when IL-6 promoter/CAT plasmid was introduced into an HTLV-I-uninfected T-cell line, Jurkat, IL-6 promoter activity was silent in the basal level, but strongly increased by the cotransfection with an HTLV-I tax expression plasmid. However, tax expression plasmid showed no transactivation activity, when kappa B site was mutated in IL-6 promoter/CAT plasmid. We found that the IL-6 kappa B site specifically formed a complex with NF-kappa B-containing nuclear extracts from MT-2 and HUT-102 cells. Finally, transfection of HTLV-I tax into Jurkat cells resulted in induction of specific binding of nuclear extracts to the NF-kappa B sequence. These results strongly suggest that HTLV-I tax gene may transactivate IL-6 gene through kappa B site in HTLV-I-positive T-cell lines and activation of NF-kappa B may be crucial in HTLV-I-induced IL-6 gene activation in ATL.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Radioadaptive response in primary mouse spermatocytes revealed by analysis of synaptonemal complexes.

This study was aimed at estimating the damage to the synaptonemal complex (SC) of male mice caused by radiation exposure at the ultimate pre-meiotic interphase. Four experimental groups were formed: group 1 was an untreated control, group 2 received a low dose (50 mGy) of radiation, group 3 a high dose (4 Gy) of radiation, group 4 was first treated with a low dose (50 mGy) and 4 h later with a high dose (4 Gy). Mice were killed 4 days after the treatment. Early pachytene cells were selected for the electron microscopic analysis of SCs. These cells were supposed to be at pre-meiotic interphase at the time of irradiation. Treatment with a low dose of radiation did not produce any substantial increase in the frequency of SC aberrations, while exposure to the high dose resulted in various types of damage. Group 4 demonstrated significantly lower frequencies of axial breaks/fragments and multiaxial configurations than group 3. At the same time, these two groups did not differ in the frequencies of inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges such as translocations, inversions, and deletions. We suppose that the number of breaks produced by a high dose of radiation was the same in the both groups. However, a proportion of the breaks that remained unrepaired until pachytene and were expressed as gaps, fragments, and multiaxial configurations was reduced by pretreatment with the low dose of radiation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

Inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. 1. Synthesis and hypocholesterolemic activity of dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11-carboxanilides.

A series of N-phenyl-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-11-carboxamides and related derivatives were prepared on the basis of structures of the reported inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). These compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit ACAT (liver microsomes from cholesterol-fed rabbits) in vitro and to decrease serum total cholesterol in cholesterol-fed golden hamsters in vivo. The structure-activity relationships in vitro were as follows. Substitution at positions 2 and 6 in the anilide resulted in potent inhibitory activity, and the potency increased with increasing size of the substituents, with maximum potency being obtained with a 2,6-diisopropyl substitution. The position of the substituent on the dibenz[b,e]oxepin ring system influenced the activity, and substitution at position 2 was critical for potent activity. The electronic effect of the substituent at position 2 does not influence activity, but bulkiness seems to be a significant factor. The lipophilicity of the compounds also plays an important role in determining ACAT inhibitory activity. Among the compounds tested, 2-bromo-N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-6,11-dihydrodibenz-[b,e]++ +oxepin-11- carboxamide (33, KF17828) showed significant in vitro activity (rabbit liver microsomes IC50 = 23 nM) and the most potent in vivo activity (complete reduction in elevated serum total cholesterol levels at a dose of 10 mg/kg in hamsters).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Maximal isometric force and neural activity during bilateral and unilateral elbow flexion in humans.

We investigated maximal isometric force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the biceps brachii muscle during rapid bilateral (BL) and unilateral (UL) elbow flexion in 11 right-handed subjects. The BL exhibited a deficit in force for both arms and more so for the right than the left arm during the rising phase of force generation. The EMG of the left biceps brachii muscle was similar during UL and BL, but for the right arm EMG was lower during BL than during UL for the rising phase of force generation. The BL to UL ratio of mean power frequency of the EMG was lower for the right than for the left arm. The data would suggest that the relatively small BL strength was associated with a equally small EMG and a shift to a lower mean power frequency especially for the fast motor units of the dominant muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Change in regional cerebral blood flow following glycerol administration predicts. Clinical result from shunting in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Cerebral haemodynamics were measured in 22 adult patients with secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) before and after glycerol administration to determine which patients might benefit from a shunt procedure. Of these 22 patients, 14 were found to be shunt-responsive (group 1) and 8 were shunt-unresponsive (group 2). Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was performed by xenon-enhanced computerized tomography (XeCT). Clinical factors such as the Evans' index and the presence or absence of brain atrophy, periventricular lucency (PVL), ventricular reflux, stagnation of cerebrospinal fluid on cisternography, and increased intracranial pressure were not statistically significant predictors of shunt responsiveness. Preoperative rCBF values did not differ between groups 1 and 2. The rCBF value in every cerebral region of group 1 patients increased significantly after shunting except for the basal ganglia. On preoperative rCBF measurement, all rCBF values in group 1 significantly increased after glycerol administration except for the periventricular lucency (PVL). Patients in group 2, however, lacked such an increase in rCBF. We therefore propose that, in patients with secondary NPH, shunt surgery will be likely to be effective in those with a demonstrated rise in rCBF after glycerol administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids by hepatic microsomes of musk shrew (Suncus murinus).

The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase in musk shrew (suncus; Suncus murinus) liver microsomes metabolized unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidonic acids) to a variety of oxygenated products. alpha-Linolenic acid was the most active substrate. The oxygenation activity increased with an increase in the number of cis double-bonds in the C18 fatty acids. This suggests that the introduction of cis double-bonds in C18 fatty acids is important for the binding of cytochrome P-450 in suncus liver microsomes. Regioselectivity of arachidonic acid oxygenation was observed in suncus liver microsomes; rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 generated epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid as major products while the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase in suncus liver microsomes yielded omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxyarachidonic acids as major reaction products.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-1 alpha as an autocrine growth factor for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells.

We describe a case of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with proliferation of leukaemic cells through an interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) autocrine mechanism. Flow cytometric analysis using the IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1Rt II) monoclonal antibody (mAb) demonstrated the expression of the IL-1Rt II on leukaemic cells: this is the first report in IL-1RtII-positive freshly isolated ALL cells from a patient. In accordance with the expression of IL-1RtII, the leukaemic cells proliferated in response to exogenous IL-1 alpha. In addition, anti-IL-1 alpha mAb markedly inhibited the spontaneous cell proliferation. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis detected IL-1 alpha mRNA without any stimulation. These observations suggest that IL-1 alpha may play an important role as an autocrine growth factor in some cases of ALL.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cultural anthropology approach to psychopathology of Muslim murderer.

We report a case involving a 31-year-old Islamic male who murdered his associate under particular circumstances. We took the opportunity to test psychiatrically this man who has been diagnosed in his mother country as a schizophrenic. He came to Japan and was working as a laborer. He is an earnest practicing Muslim. We took an interest in this case because of his bizarre behavior previous to the actual crime. We are interested in the actual method of the murder in relation to Mr. A's cultural and religious background. We demonstrated the significance of the religious cultural knowledge relative to the indigenous ritual for expelling satan and the Islamic pilgrimage to Mekka (Hajj). We conclude that a cultural anthropological and religious viewpoint is necessary in objectively understanding the sources of suffering in patients with mental illness who are from foreign countries.

Adult↗