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Biomedical subjects

S Oda

Publications and source records attributed to S Oda.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Antibacterial activities of combination uses of cefpirome with various antibiotics in vitro against clinically isolated glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods: part 1. the results against Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

In order to evaluate antibacterial activities of combination uses of cefpirome (CPR) and various antibiotics in vitro, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CPR alone and combinations of CPR+other drugs against freshly isolated clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Combined effects of CPR+beta-lactams, piperacillin (PIPC), aztreonam (AZT), imipenem (IPM) showed wider antibacterial spectra and stronger antibacterial activities than CPR alone with drugs concentrations of CPR and other drugs at sub-MIC levels. At concentrations of sub-MIC levels, antibacterial effects of CPR+PIPC and CPR+AZT combination were strong but CPR+IPM was weaker than those of the former two combinations. It appeared that stronger effects were demonstrated by some combinations against strains that were susceptible to both drugs of combination, but little additive effects were shown against strains that were resistant to both drugs. Antibacterial effect of CPR+fosfomycin combination was the same as those of CPR+PIPC and CPR+AZT combinations. 2. Combined effects of CPR+aminoglycosides (AGs), gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin showed wider antibacterial spectra and stronger antibacterial activities at sub-MIC levels of CPR or ATs. The effect against CPR-resistant strains was same. But the combined effect was weak against AGs-resistant strains. 3. Effectiveness of combinations of CPR+beta-lactams and CPR+AGs depended on drug susceptibilities of strains tested. We cannot estimate effects of those combinations without investigating drug susceptibility of bacteria being tested. 4. In none of the combinations tested, antagonism was observed.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1996

[Antimicrobial activities of ceftriaxone against fresh, clinically isolated strains].

In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone (CTRX), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CTRX and control drugs were determined against clinically isolated strains including those from purulent meningitis and liver and biliary tract infections in 1995. The results are summarized as follows; 1. MIC90 of CTRX was 0.05 micrograms/ml against benzylpenicillin (PCG)-insensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae or PCG-resistant S. pneumoniae and it was < or = 0.025 micrograms/ml against beta-lactamase producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Antimicrobial activities of CTRX against these strains were stronger than control drugs. 2. MIC distribution of CTRX was in a lower concentration range than those of ceftazidime and flomoxef against extend broad-spectrum beta-lactamase (EBLA)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. 3. These results suggested that CTRX will be effective against community-acquired pneumonia, purulent meningitis and liver & biliary tract infections.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1996

[A clinical evaluation of fluconazole in deep seated fungal infections associated with hematological disorders].

The effectiveness of fluconazole on deep seated fungal infections associated with hematological disorders was evaluated in a multicenter clinical study. The underlying diseases included acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, multiple myeloma and others. Fluconazole (FLCZ) was administrated 100-400 mg/day intravenously or orally to 79 patients with systemic fungal infections complicated with hematological disorders and it was possible to evaluate clinical efficacies in 60 patients. 27 patients were diagnosed as having determinate systemic fungal infections and 33 patients suspected fungal infections. The clinical efficacies were 81.5% (22/27) in patients with diagnosed fungal infections and 57.6% (19/33) in patients with suspected fungal infections. The overall clinical efficacy was 68.3% (41/60). No side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, vascular pain and renal dysfunction were observed in this study. As for abnormal laboratory test, transient increases in GOT, GPT, Al-P, LDH, serum Na, Cl and decrease in serum K were observed in 9 patients (11.4%). These results indicated that FLCZ has a high therapeutic efficacy on deep seated fungal infections in patients with hematological disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Anesthetic management of a patient with erythroderma].

We gave anesthesia to a patient with erythroderma for distal partial gastrectomy. Erythroderma is an inflammatory disorder in which generalized erythema and scaling occur, either as a specific phase of processes such as T cell lymphoma, as a manifestation of underlying malignancy or in the absence of preexisting diseases. Severe cases of erythroderma may involve disturbances in the cardiovascular, thermoregulatory and metabolic systems which make the management of general anesthesia difficult. Systemic scale also causes a difficulty in placing ECG monitor electrodes and endotracheal tube. In the present case, dyspnea and asthmatic bronchitis occurred postoperatively. Therefore, in a patient with erythroderma, we recommend careful systemic management throughout the perioperative period.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. Special references to bacteria isolated between July 1994 and June 1995].

Isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from July 1994 to June 1995 were investigated by a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. One hundred and fifty-three strains were isolated from primary infections, and 143 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, both anaerobic Gram-positive and-negative bacteria were predominant, and from postoperative infections, aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecalis was highest, followed by that of Staphylococcus aureus from both types of infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Streptococcus intermedius was highest from primary infections, but from postoperative infections anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria was uncommon. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order. From postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was most predominantly isolated, followed by Serratia marcescens and E. coli. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. We have noticed that resistant strains against imipenem and ofloxacin were increasing among P. aeruginosa and resistant strains against cefazolin were increasing among E. coli. MICs of cefazolin against four out of 30 strains of E. coli were higher than 100 micrograms/ml, and MICs of imipenem was higher than 50 micrograms/ml against 5 out of 22 strains of P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Antibacterial activities of combination uses of isepamicin and beta-lactams in vitro against clinically isolated strains. Part 2. The results against enterobacteriaceae].

We investigated antibacterial activities of combination uses of isepamicin (ISP) and beta-lactams in vitro against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. ISP+cefazolin, ISP+cefotiam and ISP+flomoxef against K. pneumoniae and ISP+piperacillin, ISP+ceftazidime, ISP+aztreonam, ISP+imipenem and ISP+panipenem against E. cloacae showed strong combined effects. 2. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these combinations were low due to the dependence of ISP concentrations. Strong antibacterial activities were observed at sub-MIC levels of ISP. These combined effects were stronger than those against Staphylococcus aureus described in the first report at sub-MIC levels of ISP. 1/4 MIC approximately 1/8 MIC of ISP showed enhanced activities of beta-lactams. Similarly strong combined effects were observed against both beta-lactam-sensitive and -resistant strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against clinical isolates].

To examine the antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin (CAM) against strains clinically isolated from outpatients in 1994, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for CAM and the control drugs. The results were as follows; 1. MIC50 and MIC90 of CAM were similar to those investigated in 1980's against many bacterial species. 2. CAM showed strong antimicrobial activities against beta-lactamase producing Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, Bordetella pertussis, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and Peptostreptococcus spp. 3. It appears that resistance to MLs including CAM is increasing among Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Acute renal failure following surgical insult].

It has been claimed that acute renal failure (ARF) following surgical insult was mainly due to the reduction in renal blood flow, especially in renal cortical blood flow. Recent studies, however, pointed out that the majority of the surgical ARF developed due to prolonged SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) and that those patients developed ARF as a part of multiple organ failure (MOF) complicating other organ failures such as acute respiratory failure. It has been also pointed out that variety of humoral mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines play a major role in the development of ARF following SIRS. Therefore, the management of such ARF should include some countermeasures against humoral mediators. Various blood purifications have been applied in the management of the patients with ARF. Recently continuous blood purifications got their popularity in the management of the critically ill. Continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) has been reported to be applied without any hazardous side effect on the most critically ill patients. CHDF can not only support failing renal function but also can effectively remove causative humoral mediators from the blood stream of the patients. Therefore the CHDF is the first choice blood purification in the management of the ARF patients following surgical insults.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[IGF-1 levels in elderly patients during perioperative period].

In the present study, concentrations of serum cortisol, ACTH, IRI, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured in 24 surgical patients. Patients were divided into two groups, elderly group (n = 12, age > or = 60, mean age: 68.4 +/- 1.3) and younger group (n = 12, age < 60, mean age: 44.5 +/- 3.5). The samples were taken before and immediately after surgery and on days 1 and 2 postoperatively. Serum levels of cortisol, ACTH, IRI and growth hormone increased significantly after surgery compared to baseline values but they showed no significant differences between elderly group and younger group. Only serum IGF-1 levels were significantly different between them. They were at consistently lower levels in elderly group throughout this study. In contrast, they decreased significantly after surgery, but high IGF-1 levels were maintained in younger group. Catabolic condition shown by negative nitrogen balance is induced after surgery. IGF-1 has potential anabolic effect in human. The pharmacological approach using IGF-1 in the elderly surgical patients will be necessary in order to improve their overall conditions before and after surgery in the future.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

[Bronchiolitis obliterans preceding rheumatoid arthritis: effect of clarithromycin].

A 62-year-old man was referred to our department because of exertional dyspnea and a 6-year history of coughing and sputum production. He had never smoked, and had had an operation for chronic paranasal sinusitis. Coarse crackles and rhonchi were audible over both lower lung fields. The cold hemagglutinin titers were high. pulmonary function tests showed airflow obstruction, and a sputum culture revealed Hemophilus influenzae A chest X-ray film and a CT scan showed diffuse micronodular shadows in the centrilobular regions, mild ectasis of bronchioles mainly in the lower lung fields, and mild hyperinflation. A specimen of lung tissue was obtained by thoracoscopic biopsy, and histologic examination showed bronchiolitis obliterans, with bronchiolar narrowing or obliteration due to submucosal fibrosis and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed 14 months after the operation. The patient was treated with clarithromycin for 3 years. Respiratory symptoms were relieved and pulmonary function gradually improved.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Fulminant interstitial pneumonia associated with polyarteritis nodosa].

A 54-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of fever, abdominal pain, hematemesis, and dyspnea on exertion. Laboratory examination on admission revealed elevations of WBC count and CRP. a low serum complement level, hypoxemia, and microhematuria. A chest X-ray film and a CT scan showed bilateral interstitial pneumonia and cardiomegaly. Angiography showed microaneurysms in peripheral branches of the superior mesenteric artery, the hepatic artery, and the right renal artery. Examination of a specimen of the right quadriceps muscle revealed arteritis with fibrinoid necrosis in a small artery, which was consistent with polyarteritis nodosa (PN). A specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy before treatment showed interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and edema. PN with interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed and the patient was treated with 1 g of methylprednisolone for 3 days, followed by 60 mg of prednisolone and 100 mg of cyclophosphamide daily. The interstitial pneumonia progressed. Despite a second trial of steroid pulse therapy in addition to mechanical ventilation and various kinds of antibiotics, the patient died of respiratory failure on the 35th hospital day. A specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy 3 days before death revealed proliferation of fibroblasts, mononuclear cell infiltration in the interstitium, and hyaline membrane formation in air spaces. No evidence of infection was found. Interstitial pneumonia associated with PN had been considered to be quite rare, but recently some cases resembling the present case have been reported. We believe that interstitial pneumonia associated with PN might not be rare, and the present case shows that it can be fulminant.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructure and distribution of axon terminals from the reticular thalamic nucleus to the anteroventral thalamic nucleus of the rat.

Ultrastructure of axon terminals projecting to the anterovetral thalamic nucleus (AV) from the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) of the rat was studied by using the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Anterogradely labeled fibers were distributed in ventral and caudal parts in AV following WGA-HRP injections into the medial part of rostral RTN, whereas labelings were found in the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (AD) and dorsal part of AV following injections into the dorsal part of rostral RTN. The main labeled terminals were small to medium in size, containing pleomorphic vesicles, and made symmetrical contacts on wide range of neuronal surfaces, including cell bodies, dendritic shafts and their spines. Majority of these terminals made a single synaptic contact, whereas some labeled terminals had two synaptic contacts on two different postsynaptic profiles, such as on both soma and large dendrite, on both soma and small dendrite, on both soma and dendritic spine, and on both large and small dendrites.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prevention and treatment of postoperative septic MOF and DIC and efficacy of blood purification].

Pathophysiologic concept of SIRS has been proposed for the better management of postoperative severe infection and septic MOF, and the concept has been found to be very useful. It is very important to identify the high risk SIRS patients of the development of septic MOF and to treat those patients aggressively to prevent the development of septic MOF. In the prevention and treatment of septic MOF, the blood purification has been found to be very effective. Among the blood purifications, continuous blood purification, such as continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) should be chosen for this purpose. CHDF has been claimed to be very effective to removal of causative humoral mediators from the blood stream. The concept of DIC has been changed recently and the concept of DII (disseminated intravascular inflammation) should be applied instead of DIC, since the main feature of this pathologic condition is the damage of endothelial cells due to extensive systemic inflammation.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1995

Calcium-dependent homotypic adhesion through leukocyte function-associated antigen-1/intracellular adhesion molecule-1 induces interleukin-1 and parathyroid hormone-related protein production on adult T-cell leukemia cells in vitro.

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected lymphoproliferative disorder that shows a characteristic nodular infiltration into various tissues, hypercalcemia, and subsequent rapid increase of peripheral ATL cell number. ATL cells and HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines also make cluster formation rapidly after the non-stimulative culture. However, the mechanism of the acute proliferation of ATL cells remains to be understood. We report the following novel features of homotypic adhesion via leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)/intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) pathway that suggest a role for it in cytokine production and rapid proliferation of ATL cells: (1) ATL cells show clustering in a calcium dependent manner, even at the higher concentration; (2) ATL cells consistently and highly express ICAM-1 and an active form of LFA-1, whereas integrin expression, except for LFA-1, is rather lower compared with that of normal CD4+ T cells; (3) ATL cells make conjugate formation within 6 minutes and clustering within 48 hours, both of which are inhibited by the addition of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against LFA-1 and ICAM-1; (4) spontaneous mRNA transcription and protein secretion of both interleukin-1 and parathyroid hormone-related protein are observed consistently in ATL cells, and these productions are inhibited by anti-LFA-1 and anti-ICAM-1 MoAbs but are markedly increased by cross-linking of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 by the immobilized specific MoAbs; and (5) proliferative responses of ATL cells are also inhibited by these MoAbs. We propose that ATL cells proliferate in sequential events: the homotypic and calcium-dependent adhesion through LFA-1/ICAM-1, the signal transduction through these adhesion molecules, the production of cytokines, and the proliferation.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1995

Production of interleukin 8 in adult T-cell leukemia cells: possible transactivation of the interleukin 8 gene by human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax.

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA was detected in peripheral leukemic cells obtained from adult T-cell leukemia patients, as well as in cultured human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected T-cell lines (HUT-102, MT-1, SALT-3, and SKT-1B). With the use of ELISA, IL-8 protein was also detected in the culture medium of these cells and in the extracellular fluids of patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the HTLV-I-derived transactivator protein, tax, could stimulate endogenous IL-8 gene expression in an uninfected T-cell line (Jurkat) and in a rheumatoid synovial cell line (E-11). Induction of IL-8 by tax at protein level was also demonstrated in transfected cells. We found that the IL-8 NF-kappa B-binding site specifically formed a complex with NF-kappa B-containing nuclear extracts from HTLV-I-infected T-cell lines and freshly isolated leukemic cells from adult T-cell leukemia patients. Finally, transfection of HTLV-I tax into Jurkat cells resulted in induction of specific binding of nuclear extracts to the NF-kappa B sequence. These results suggest that the HTLV-I tax gene may transactivate the IL-8 gene through the kappa B site in HTLV-I-infected cells and that constitutive expression of the IL-8 gene may play a role in HTLV-I-associated pathogenesis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a new activin beta subunit: a dorsal mesoderm-inducing activity in Xenopus.

A cDNA that encodes a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily most similar to activin beta A, beta B, and recently reported beta C has been isolated from Xenopus laevis. Expression of the gene in early embryos suggested its biological importance in Xenopus embryogenesis. Microinjection of a synthetic mRNA transcribed from the cDNA into ventral blastomeres of early Xenopus embryo led to the formation of secondary body axis. Mesodermal marker genes were induced in isolated animal cap by a similar mRNA injection. These results demonstrate that the gene encodes a new member of activin subfamily whose function is closely related to mesoderm induction.

Activins↗
PubMed1995

Stabilization of cyclin E and cdk2 mRNAs at G1/S transition in Rat-1A cells emerging from the G0 state.

mRNAs for cyclin E and Cdk2 have a role in the commitment to DNA replication in the cell cycle, and are induced in Rat-1A cells by serum stimulation. Cyclin E and cdk2 genes are transcribed in quiescent cells, but their transcripts rapidly turn over and levels are kept low. The rate of transcription of the cdk2 gene is slightly increased after serum stimulation, while that of cyclin E is fairly constant. At the G1/S transition of serum-stimulated cells, transient stabilization of the two types of mRNAs occurs, an event which may lead to induction of each mRNA. Artificial expression of an immediate-early protein delta FosB results in proliferation of quiescent Rat-1A cells, and this is accompanied by an efficient induction of cyclin E and cdk2 mRNAs. In delta FosB-expressing cells, two types of mRNAs are stabilized to the same extent seen in serum-stimulated cells. The expression of cyclin E and cdk2 genes is upregulated by stabilization of their transcripts, at least in part. We propose that delta FosB may have a role in regulation of progression of the cell cycle in serum-stimulated Rat-1A cells by triggering stabilization of mRNAs for cyclin E and Cdk2.

Animals↗