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Biomedical subjects

S Ochi

Publications and source records attributed to S Ochi.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Bowel Preparation for Elective Colorectal Operations: impact of oral antibiotic regimen on colonic flora, wound irrigation cultures and bacteriology of septic complications.

A ten hospital cooperative study comparing prophylactic oral neomycin and erythromycin base versus placebo demonstrated clinical efficacy of the antibiotics in preventing septic complications following elective colon operations. The present report concerns microbiological studies accomplished during this trial. Cultures of colon contents during surgery showed the antibiotic prep reduced concentrations of both aerobes and anaerobes by approximately 10(5) bacteria/ml. Virtually all major bacterial components of the normal flora were affected. Wound irrigation specimens at the time of closure failed to predict subsequent wound infection, but significantly fewer antibiotic recipients had positive irrigation cultures. Postoperative stool specimens showed that the oral antibiotics did not cause an emergence in resistant forms. Bacteriological studies of postoperative infections indicated that most postoperative infections involved a mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora, and that Bacteroides fragilis accounted for six of eight episodes of bacteremia.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce septic complications of colon operations: results of prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study.

The effectiveness of short-term, low-dose, preoperative oral administration of neomycin and erythromycin base combined with vigorous purgation in reducing the incidence of wound infections and other septic complications of elective colon and rectal operations has been studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. One hundred and sixteen patients completed the study; all received mechanical preparation; 56 received neomycin-erythromycin base while 60 received an identical appearing placebo. The two patient groups were comparable in age distribution, clinical diagnoses, associated systemic diseases, types of operation performed and similar clinical features. The overall rate of directly related septic complications was 43 per cent in the placebo group and 9% in the group receiving neomycin and erythromycin base. The wound infection rates were 35% in placebo and 9% in antibiotic treated patients. Oral administration of neomycin and erythromycin base together with vigorous mechanical cleansing reduces the risk of septic complications after elective colo-rectal operations.

Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Hereditary respiration deficiency in Saccharomycodes ludwigii.

Saccharomycodes ludwigii, supposed to be "petite-negative," gave rise to respiration-deficient mutants when acriflavine and ultraviolet irradiation, respectively, were applied to this yeast, strain IFO 1194. The frequency of such mutants was very low as compared with that in Saccharomyces cervisiae and other "petite-positive" yeasts. Cytochrome composition was characterized by spectrophotometry at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The respiratory mutants examined contained cytochrome c unaltered in quality and quantity. Cytochrome b was often present only in small amounts though never absent, while cytochrome a + a3 was either present or absent. The respiratory mutants could form zygotes after conjugation with a wild-type culture of opposite mating type (alpha vs. a). The hybridization and segregation analysis of spore tetrads showed the inheritance of respiratory mutant character to be either Mendelian or non-Mendelian and similar to that of pet (nuclear) and rho- (cytoplasmic) mutants, respectively, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Acriflavine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A review of panoramic radiography and its potential use in implant dentistry.

Radiographic follow-up of dental implants is one of the most important clinical parameters a practitioner can assess. Recent advances in the design of panoramic radiograph machines have increased their potential use in the longitudinal clinical evaluation of dental implants. Changes from the earliest designs allow for a projection geometry that more closely approximates the shape of the human jaw. The fundamentals of panoramic radiography are reviewed including common errors in patient positioning, their effect on the radiographic image, and how to correct the errors. Comparative advantages and disadvantages of intraoral periapical and bitewing films as compared with panoramic radiographs are discussed, specifically focusing on the amount of radiation exposure, ability to detect bone loss/bone defects, and inherent problems with both systems.

Dental Implants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus and human T cell leukaemia virus.

To clarify the prevalence of concurrent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), we measured HCV antibody in the population of a district endemic for HBV and HTLV infection. Blood samples were collected in June 1990 from 579 inhabitants of four islands of Uwa Bay in the southwest of Ehime Prefecture in Japan. Anti-HCV antibody against C100-3 protein was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Ortho Diagnostics). Thirteen of the 579 inhabitants (2.2%) were positive for anti-HCV, and this prevalence rate was not significantly different from the frequency of anti-HCV in Tokyo blood donors. A total of 11% (64 of 579) of the subjects were positive for HBsAg and 3.3% (19 of 579) were positive for anti-HTLV. These frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HTLV positivity were distinctly higher than the respective means of Japanese. All anti-HCV positive individuals were negative for HBsAg and anti-HTLV, while 54% (7 of 13) had increased alanine aminotransferase levels. These data suggest that the prevalence of HCV infection is not high even in an area endemic for HBV and HTLV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Favorable outcomes with tacrolimus in two patients with refractory interstitial lung disease associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Two cases of progressive interstitial lung disease associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis are presented. Both patients were refractory to conventional therapy with high-dose corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide, and thus a therapeutic trial of tacrolimus was instituted. Tacrolimus was markedly effective in achieving subjective, laboratory and radiographic improvement in both patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of L-ascorbic acid in candies and soft drinks.

The L-ascorbic acid (AsA) contents of candies and soft drinks available in the market were determined by liquid chromatography (LC). Samples are cleaned up on a disposable Sep-Pak C18 cartridge followed by reverse phase separation on an ODS column using a mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid (pH 2.2). The AsA peak is detected on the basis of the UV absorption at 254 nm. The detection limit was 1 microgram/mL final concentration. Recoveries of AsA added at levels of 1-10 mg/g candy and 1-10 mg/10 mL soft drink were 99.2-101.7% with a coefficient of variation of 0.52-1.20% (n = 5). The present method allows rapid and accurate assays because it is a simple procedure compared with the official dye-titration method, and it is suitable for the routine analysis of AsA in selected candies and soft drinks.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanism of induction of prostaglandin E2 production by endothelin 1 in cultured rat mesangial cells.

The phospholipase A2 inhibitors mepacrine, ONO-RS-082, and AACOCF3 completely inhibited prostaglandin E2 production induced by endothelin 1 in cultured rat mesangial cells, suggesting that phospholipase A2 is a critical enzyme in this process. TMB-8, an inhibitor of calcium mobilization from intracellular stores, abolished its production, while neither nicardipine nor chelation of extracellular calcium by EGTA did. The protein kinase C inhibitors, H-7 and staurosporine, and downregulation of protein kinase C could not inhibit prostaglandin E2 production, while W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, abolished it. Pertussis toxin never influenced its production. Thus, endothelin 1 evokes prostaglandin E2 production in mesangial cells mainly through the activation of phospholipase A2, dependent on intracellular calcium and calmodulin and independent of extracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and pertussis toxin sensitive guanosine 5'-triphosphate binding proteins.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗