Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S O'Shea

Publications and source records attributed to S O'Shea.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Rubella immunity by four different techniques: results of challenge studies.

When 42 sera with low or inconsistent levels of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies were tested by single radial haemolysis (SRH) radioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), RIA was shown to be the most reliable test for detecting low levels of antibody. SRH, however, was found to be an acceptable alternative screening test for rubella antibodies and was more reliable than HAI. Although SRH plates prepared in our own laboratory failed to detect antibodies in six sera, in five of the six, antibodies were only at a low level (RIA titre 1:20-1:80). OriVir plates (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) failed to detect low levels of antibody in only three sera. There were six (14.3%) sera which were false positives in the HAI test. These women were shown to be seronegative by radioimmunoassay and, when three of these six volunteers were vaccinated, they developed a typical primary immune response which resembled that developed by 43 seronegative women following vaccination. Fifteen of the young women with consistently low HAI titres and one woman who was seronegative by HAI but seropositive by RIA and ELISA were subsequently vaccinated. Six (37.5%) of these women showed no significant rise in titre by any of the tests employed, while ten had a significant rise in titre, detected by at least one test, with a low level of rubella-specific IgM detectable in one.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Rubella vaccines.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Protracted behavioral effects of neonatal morphine-pellet implantation in male rats.

Male rat pups (Charles Rivers CD albino strain) were implanted subcutaneously with a morphine (M), placebo (P), or no pellet (NP) on Day 5 or 11 of postnatal life. Body weights of both Day 5 and 11 drug-treated males were depressed below those of controls through Day 63 (p < 0.01). On Day 72, compared to P and NP controls, M-treated males showed impaired learning in a Lashley III maze. Day 5, but not Day 11 drug-treated animals showed greater activity-wheel behavior (p < 0.01) than controls on Days 85--86, and less suppression (p < 0.025) of a conditioned emotional response on Day 145. On Day 150, Day 5 M-treated animals showed a reduced steroid response (p < 0.05) to a challenge dose of M (18 mg/kg), suggesting protracted tolerance to the pituitary-adrenal activating effects of M. Members of each treatment group were successfully bred with females on Day 90; no group differences were found in litter size, sex ratios, or birth weights of the offspring. The results of this study indicate that early exposure to M causes long-term impairment of several behaviors in male rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Rubella serology by solid-phase radioimmunoassay: its potential for screening programmes.

Sera from 269 adult females who had experienced naturally acquired or vaccine-induced infection by rubella virus, including immune persons challenged intranasally with rubella vaccine (RA27/3) as well as sera from 100 patients attending antenatal clinics, were tested for rubella antibodies by the conventional haemagglutination inhibition tests (HAI), as well as a newly developed solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Following both naturally acquired and vaccine-induced infection, titres by RIA were approximately ten-fold higher than by HAI. The RIA test was particularly useful in assessing the true immune status of those with apparently low levels of HAI antibody and has the added advantage that pre-treatment of sera to remove inhibitors of haemagglutination and red cell agglutinins is unnecessary. The RIA test has potential for the large-scale screening programmes which need to be carried out if the Department of Health and Social Security recommendation, that women attending antenatal and family planning clinics be screened for rubella antibodies, is to be effectively met.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistence of rubella antibodies after vaccination: detection after experimental challenge.

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and single radial hemolysis (SRH) were used to measure the persistence of rubella antibodies in 123 women who had received one of four rubella vaccines (Cendehill, HPV-77 DE-5, RA27/3, and To-336) six to 16 years earlier. Only two (1.6%) vaccinees had no antibodies detectable by RIA, although 19 (15.4%) had very low levels (less than 15 IU/ml) detectable by SRH. Rubella-specific IgA persisted in sera for seven to nine years in the majority of 43 vaccinees from whom serial samples were obtained, and rubella-specific nasopharyngeal IgA could be detected up to two years after natural infection and vaccination in all vaccinees. Rubella-specific serum IgM responses were detected in 41 of 43 vaccinees and persisted at low levels for up to three years in seven of them, four of whom had received HPV-77 DE-5 vaccine. After 31 volunteers with antibody levels of less than 15 IU were challenged intranasally with RA27/3, viremia was detected in one, a girl who had a history of vaccination at school.

Antibodies, Viral↗