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Biomedical subjects

S O'Connor

Publications and source records attributed to S O'Connor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of prolonged administration of triazolam on adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in the brain of rats.

Continuous subcutaneous administration of triazolam, a benzodiazepine with short plasma half-life, for 10 days either decreased (31%, 2 mg/day) or increased (15%, 0.5 mg/day) radioligand binding to adenosine A2 receptors in the rat striatum. In a similar manner, we have shown previously that diazepam (5-10 mg/day), a benzodiazepine with a long plasma half-life attenuated radioligand binding to adenosine A2 receptors in the rat striatum by 45-25%.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Behavioral and EEG responses to alcohol in nonalcoholic men with a family history of alcoholism.

1. Behavioral and EEG responses were examined in nonalcoholic males with (FH+) and without (FH-) a family history of alcoholism following the consumption of a placebo and real beer. 2. FH+ subjects were less confident of being able to resist another drink following consumption of the placebo and reported higher taste ratings and feeling more intoxicated immediately following ethanol consumption than FH- subjects. 3. Both groups showed increases in EEG alpha activity (9-12Hz) following alcohol consumption. 4. Alpha activity was positively associated with desire to drink in the FH+ group before and after consumption, but was positively associated with perceived intoxication in the FH- group only after consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychological factors influence the success of coronary artery surgery.

Thirty-six patients with angina were investigated by treadmill exercise testing and coronary angiography prior to coronary artery surgery. Severity of angina was judged by interview and self-assessment visual analogue scale and all patients were psychiatrically assessed. Further physical and psychiatric assessments were made at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Eleven patients (31%) had significant psychiatric morbidity preoperatively and these had worse symptom scores and exercise tolerance compared with non-psychiatric cases, despite equivalent coronary angiographic findings and left ventricular function. Post-operatively, exercise tolerance improved equally in both groups but psychiatric cases remained significantly more symptomatic. Psychiatric morbidity remained unchanged throughout the study. We conclude that almost one third of patients with severe angina have psychiatric morbidity which is associated with a poor symptomatic response to coronary artery surgery, despite objective improvement in exercise tolerance. Ways of improving the symptomatic response to surgery in patients with coexisting psychiatric morbidity should be studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Integrated biological-physicochemical system for the identification of antitumor compounds in fermentation broths.

A rapid, integrated biological-physicochemical system for the identification of six major classes of antitumor compounds in fermentation broths is described. The system relies upon preliminary fractionation of the fermentation broth by liquid-solid extraction, gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array spectrophotometric detection of the compounds and automated bioassay. The previously stored UV-VIS spectra of the biologically active peaks are used for identification. Confirmation of compound identity is by thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method has been applied to representatives of the bleomycin, streptonigrin, echinomycin, chromomycin, actinomycin and anthracycline groups.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1987

Phenytoin hypersensitivity with pulmonary involvement in a hemophiliac patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with its attendant sequelae of opportunistic infections and aggressive lymphatic malignancies, continues to dominate the world's medical literature. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains as the most commonly encountered infection in AIDS and an early cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapy for PCP revolves around the administration of either pentamidine isoethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, the major AIDS centers report a high incidence of adverse drug reactions to these drugs. We describe an association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a hemophiliac with multiple drug-related hypersensitivity reactions, which include constitutional, dermatologic, and pulmonary manifestations. This observance is intriguing and suggests that the presence of HIV infection may predispose a patient treated with a multitude of drugs and medications to a higher incidence of adverse reactions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Outcome of abuse during childhood among pregnant low income women.

The outcome of experiencing abuse as a child was studied by comparing pregnant women who did recall versus those who did not recall this type of maltreatment. Fourteen hundred low income women were interviewed in prenatal clinic; those who said they were both punished by abuse and beaten by caretakers as children were considered abused. Abuse was recalled by more white than black women but families were followed after delivery and protective service reports of abuse for their offspring were equal. Because of low numbers, black subjects were dropped and the 95 white women who recalled abuse during childhood were compared to the remaining 832 white subjects. The groups did not differ in attitude about current pregnancy, age or marital status, and no differences were found for their children at birth. Abused mothers were more likely to have felt unwanted and unloved as children and to have lower self-images and more isolation than controls. Abused mothers had greater stress, and many of their stresses reflected disturbances in interpersonal relationships. Thus, women abused as children had some characteristics similar to those of known child abusers. Although abused women had more aggressive tendencies, their children were reported to protective services for abuse at the same frequency as control children. Intergenerational transmission of abuse was therefore not demonstrated prospectively. Classic theories of child abuse suggest a special child, special parent and stress act as independent agents to cause abuse. The above data suggest, alternatively, that abuse during childhood may lead to other risk characteristics and to greater stress. These may act together to increase risk for abuse. The special child may have an independent influence on abuse.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Correlates of increased risk for alcoholism in young men.

Healthy men, aged 21-28, were divided into two groups according to the DSM-III diagnosis of alcoholism in their biological fathers. Evoked potentials from each subject were measured according to a visual odd-ball paradigm designed to elicit large responses in the midline parietal, Pz, lead. Subjects with alcoholic fathers produced significantly smaller amplitudes of the P3 component compared to subjects with non-alcoholic fathers. Reaction time, task difficulty and subject drinking history did not distinguish the groups. Subject's drinking history was not related to P3 amplitude.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Methods for the detection and quantitation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in fermentation broths.

Two procedures are described for the detection of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The first is a new agar-plate method useful as a screening tool. Two ACE inhibitors produced by culture A58365 were discovered using this plate test. The second method is a modification of a previously reported spectrophotometric procedure. Both procedures utilize p-nitrobenzyl-oxycarbonylglycyl-(S-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3- diazole)-L-cysteinyl-glycine as substrate.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1984

Prediction of child abuse: a prospective study of feasibility.

Feasibility of identifying risk for child abuse prospectively was determined by interviewing 1400 expectant mothers and predicting that 273 were high risk. Nonaccidental child injuries were subsequently reported to authorities for 6% of these versus 1% of the remaining 1127 families. Prediction was only effective for 24 months following interview. Thus prenatal prediction was feasible although the rate of false positive high risk assignment would limit practical application of the interview we used. As a first step to improve prediction accuracy, a group of the 20 strongest predictors was selected from the interview by regression analysis. The correlation of these with abuse was .44 compared to .15 for the original interview. Important predictors included subjective impressions of interviewers, residency transience, untruthfulness, disturbed childhood nurture, unwanted pregnancy, and perhaps conditions that increased parent-child exposure.

Attitude↗