Biomedical subjects

S Nordling

Publications and source records attributed to S Nordling.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Nd: YAG contact laser in partial nephrectomy. An experimental study in piglets.

The Nd: YAG contact laser technique with 12 W power output was used in partial nephrectomies in six piglets. Blood loss, total time and number of ligatures needed for haemostasis were compared in six partial nephrectomies performed with a steel scalpel. Mean blood loss was 53 g with the laser and 108 g with the steel scalpel (p less than 0.04). The mean time needed for haemostasis were 9.5 and 16.2 min respectively (p = 0.2) and the average number of ligatures required 1.5 and 8.8, respectively. The mean temperature rise at 5, 10 and 20 mm distance from the resection line was 5.3, 1.2 and 0.3 degrees C, respectively. The use of laser reduced blood loss and shortened the operation time. Further studies are needed concerning renal function after kidney surgery with a laser.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The prognostic value of DNA-ploidy in colorectal carcinoma: a prospective study.

One hundred and fifty-seven patients with usual colorectal cancer were analysed prospectively for DNA-ploidy, DNA-index and S-phase fraction (SPF) using flow cytometry. An abnormal DNA-stemline was observed in 68% of tumours. The patients have been followed for a median of 36 months. In univariate analysis, tumour stage was the most significant prognostic factor. After excluding patients with stage D disease, DNA-aneuploidy was significantly associated with a shorter survival and a shorter disease free survival. SPF, however, did not correlate with prognosis. In multiple samples from the same tumour there was on average a 29% difference between the highest and the lowest SPF indicating considerable heterogeneity in proliferative activity within the tumours. In diploid tumours the variation was even higher. Patients with proximal tumours as well as female patients had DNA-diploid tumours more often than the others. This may indicate that there are different, so far unknown, aetiological factors leading to different types of ploidy pattern.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Comparison of morphometry and DNA flow cytometry with standard prognostic factors in bladder cancer.

In 83 bladder cancer patients with adequate follow-up (mean 13 years, range 9-22) the prognostic value of morphometric, DNA flow cytometric and clinical parameters was assessed. Paraffin embedded material was used in flow cytometry. Univariate life-table analysis showed the statistically significant relation of clinical stage, histological grade, mean nuclear area, the Standard Deviation (SD) of nuclear area, mean maximal nuclear diameter, mean nuclear perimeter and the volume corrected mitotic index (M/V index) to survival when bladder cancer deaths alone were used in the analysis. The recurrence of bladder cancer could be predicted with the M/V index. Survival analysis with Cox's regression model pointed to primary tumour clinical stage as the most important prognostic factor of crude survival. Histologically, grade and the SD of nuclear area were the best prognostic factors. Primary tumour stage and histological grade were the best predictors of death from bladder cancer. In Cox's model, histoquantitative methods are almost as good as clinical staging in predicting prognosis. DNA flow cytometry of paraffin embedded material offered no advantage over clinical stage, histological grade or morphology in assessing prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

DNA ploidy and S phase fraction in human bladder cancer. Relation to survival and histological grade (WHO).

The nuclear DNA content of archival paraffin-embedded bladder cancer samples (70 patients) of WHO grades I-III has been measured by flow cytometry. The female/male ratio was 15/55. The mean follow-up time was 13 years (range 9.6-22.0 years). 37 of 70 (53%) patients had DNA index 1.0 (diploid DNA content), and the remaining 33 (47%) patients had an aneuploid tumor. There was no significant difference in the age (mean +/- SD) of the patients having a diploid (66 +/- 9 years) or an aneuploid tumor (68 +/- 11 years) at the time of diagnosis. 47 deaths occurred during the follow-up period; 24 (51%) of these were due to bladder cancer (12 diploid, 12 aneuploid tumors). No significant difference was found after radical treatment during the disease-free interval (mean +/- SD) between diploid (48 +/- 45 months) and aneuploid (35.5 +/- 35 months) groups of patients. Recurrences during the follow-up period were equally common among aneuploid and diploid tumors. A statistically significant relation between histological grade and survival could be demonstrated, but DNA ploidy and S phase fraction had little prognostic value in this respect. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between aneuploid (30%) and diploid (35%) groups of tumors during the follow-up period. The study suggests that flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA ploidy from paraffin-embedded samples in bladder tumors does not add to the prognostic power of subjective histological grading.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

An improved prognostic index of axillary node involvement in breast cancer incorporating DNA ploidy and tumour size.

A multivariate prognostic index based on clinical data and the results of flow cytometry for the grading of breast cancer was evaluated in 117 patients whose disease had been detected and treated by mastectomy with axillary clearance between 1974 and 1976. Survival analysis with Cox's regression model pointed to three important prognostic factors: lymph node involvement (p less than 0.001), DNA ploidy (p less than 0.01) and tumour size (p less than 0.01). These factors were incorporated into a prognostic index, in which the lymph node involvement, DNA ploidy, and tumour size contributed to the index in that order. Logistic discriminant analysis with five year follow-up as the fixed end point (70 alive, 47 dead) gave the same result; lymph node involvement, tumour size, and DNA ploidy were the best prognostic indicators of survival. The result showed that our multivariate prognostic index was more powerful than lymph node involvement alone. The use of this prognostic index is recommended for selecting patients for different treatments.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Relationship between DNA ploidy and survival in patients with primary breast cancer.

The DNA ploidy of breast cancer tissue from paraffin blocks was measured by flow cytometry in 117 patients whose disease had been detected and treated with surgery between 1974 and 1976. Patients with aneuploid tumours had positive axillary nodes and distant metastases more often than those with diploid tumours. Aneuploid tumours were more common in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. The S-phase fraction (SPF) was significantly higher in aneuploid than in diploid tumours and positive axillary lymph nodes were found in 26 per cent of the patients who had a tumour with a SPF below the median (4.8 per cent) and in 48 per cent of those with tumours with SPF values above the median. At the primary clinical investigation 2 per cent of the patients with diploid tumours and 6 per cent of those with aneuploid tumours had distant metastases. During the follow-up, the proportion of patients with distant metastases increased to 42 and 72 per cent, respectively. With a follow-up of 11.5 years, the DNA aneuploidy of the tumour showed a significant association with decreased survival. Thirty-three per cent of patients with diploid and 65 per cent of patients with aneuploid tumours had died from breast cancer during the follow-up (P less than 0.001). All patients with hypertetraploid or multiploid tumours died from breast cancer. High SPF values were associated more closely with distant metastases or death during the follow-up than low SPF values. Our results suggest that DNA ploidy measured by flow cytometry from paraffin embedded tissue blocks of human breast cancer can be used to predict the aggressiveness of the tumour and the survival of the patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

The flow-cytometric analysis of DNA content and S-phase fraction (SPF) of human breast cancer.

The DNA ploidy of breast cancer tissue from paraffin blocks was measured by flow cytometry in 122 patients. In this material there was a difference in lymph node involvement and in the presence of distant metastases between diploid and aneuploid tumors. Diploid tumors were smaller than aneuploid tumors. Aneuploid tumors were more common in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. Near tetraploid tumors were found in older patients rather than tumors with other ploidy patterns. The ploidy pattern was not associated with survival during the mean follow-up of 4.1 years. We specially studied the S-phase fraction (SPF) which was distinctly higher in aneuploid tumors than in diploid tumors. Also near tetraploid, hypertetraploid and multiploid tumors showed higher SPF than diploid tumors. The median of SPF in our material was 8.5%. Positive axillary lymph nodes were found in 32% of the patients who had tumors with an SPF below the median and in 46% of those with tumors above the median (SPF greater than 8.5%). The difference, however, was not statistically significant. In our material the SPF of the tumor did not show a significant association with survival. However, longer follow up time is needed for firm conclusions on the predictive value of cell DNA on survival.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Tissue expression of the tumour associated antigen CA242 in benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. A comparison with CA 50 and CA 19-9.

The expression of a novel tumour associated antigen CA 242, defined by the monoclonal antibody C 242, was studied by immunoperoxidase staining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from normal pancreata, pancreata with pancreatitis and benign and malignant pancreatic neoplasms. The antigenic determinant of the C 242 antibody is a sialylated carbohydrate structure, related but chemically different from tumour marker antigens CA 19-9 and CA 50. Thirty-eight of 41 (93%) well to moderately differentiated ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and all cystadenocarcinomas were positive for CA 242. The staining was most intense in the apical border of the cells, and in the intraluminal mucus. Only two out of seven poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas stained, and the number of positive cells was smaller than in well differentiated carcinomas. Only occasional cells were stained in one out of five anaplastic carcinomas. Part of large ducts were positive in 91% (21/23) specimens of chronic pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis small terminal ducts, centro-acinar cells and some large ducts stained for CA 242. In normal pancreas only a few small terminal ducts were CA 242 positive. Carcinomas always stained more strongly for CA 242 than normal pancreatic tissue adjacent to the carcinoma. The results of CA 242 are compared with those of tumour marker antigens CA 50 and CA 19-9. Serum CA 242 levels were determined in 23 of the patients with pancreatic cancer using a fluoroimmunoassay. Fifteen (65%) patients had an elevated value. There was no clear-cut correlation between the serum levels and the immunohistochemical expression of the CA 242 antigen. The expression of CA 242 in pancreatic tissue resembles that of CA 50 and is similar to CA 19-9. The antigen is expressed in serum of many patients with pancreatic cancer and, therefore, is a potential candidate for a serum tumour marker.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Inhibition of proliferation of HeLa cells by dithranol (anthralin) and 1o-butyryl dithranol (butantrone).

The effects were studied of two antipsoriatic drugs, dithranol (anthralin) and butantrone on the proliferation of HeLa cells. Non-confluent monolayers of HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations (10(-5)-10(-8) M) of dithranol or butantrone for 45 min. The cells were then cultivated for up to 48 h and treated with 10 microM bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and 10 microM fluorodeoxyuridine for 30 min before harvesting. Both drugs at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-5) M inhibited the BrdU uptake of HeLa cells, but did not cause any significant change in the proportion of cells in S-phase. The inhibitory effect of dithranol on cell number was linear with concentration 24 h after incubation. The highest (10(-5) M) concentration of butantrone caused an abrupt decrease in cell number.

Anthralin↗

PubMed1989

Expression of laminin in benign and malignant sclerosing lesions of extrahepatic bile ducts.

The distribution of laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein, was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in six samples of benign sclerosing lesions of extrahepatic bile ducts and in 11 sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas. The expression of laminin showed that benign glandular structures were surrounded by a mainly intact basement membrane. In sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas laminin was irregularly distributed, and in large areas totally absent. The findings suggest that deposition of basement membrane material is defective. Sclerosing cholangitis may be extremely difficult to distinguish from well differentiated sclerosing cholangiocarcinoma. This sample was small, but the diseases studied were relatively rare. Staining for laminin might be of additional use to surgical pathologists in the differential diagnosis of benign sclerosing lesions and sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗

PubMed1989

Experimental chronic pancreatitis in the pig.

Chronic pancreatitis was induced in 22 piglets by dividing all pancreatic attachments to the duodenum; five sham-operated piglets served as controls. Two piglets died of postoperative complications. The animals were autopsied 2, 4, or 6 weeks postoperatively. All operated animals developed chronic pancreatitis. Concomitant with the development of interstitial fibrosis, an increasing progressive atrophy of the exocrine parenchyma occurred, with preservation of the islets of Langerhans. This atrophy and fibrosis were considerable already after 2 weeks. In one piglet only there was some acute inflammation and fat necrosis, whereas all showed at least moderate chronic inflammation, which did not change with time. The growth of the piglets stopped, and all had diarrhoea, which was thought to reflect exocrine insufficiency. Two animals (9%) developed a large pancreatic pseudocyst, and all animals had wide pancreatic ducts. The endocrine function was undisturbed. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests showed that the animals did not become diabetic. This model is appropriate for the study of experimental pancreatitis.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Expression of the human transferrin receptor in subrenal capsule assay in the mouse.

The expression of a cell proliferation marker, the human transferrin receptor, was studied in ten human gastrointestinal tumors prior to and after implantation under the renal capsule in the mouse (1-6 days). These data were compared to the increase in tumor size in situ, and to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. All tumors studied expressed the transferrin receptor prior to implantation. Forty of 47 implants expressed the receptor, the strongest expression occurring on day 4, accompanied by a reorganization of tumor tissue to a morphology similar to that before implantation. On days 5 and 6 the expression of the transferrin receptor declined. Implants showed maximal increase in size on days 1 and 2, decreased in size on days 3 and 4, and increased again on days 5 and 6. The increase in the size of the implants on days 5 and 6 was accompanied by considerable infiltration of inflammatory cells, and was probably mostly a result of invading host cells and inflammation. If size alone is used as a criterion for tumor proliferation in this subrenal capsule assay, day 4 seems to be the most appropriate for evaluation. This is supported by a strong expression of a proliferation marker, the human transferrin receptor, during this time.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the stomach and its heredity in young patients.

The clinical and histopathologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma in young patients (less than 40 years old) were studied retrospectively. The carcinoma was of the diffuse type in 94% of the young patients, and typical features were poor prognosis, an equal sex ratio, and a strong association with blood group A. The family histories of the young patients were studied. There was a highly significant (p less than 0.001) overrepresentation of gastric cancer in the parents of the index cases. In four instances (13%) the findings were compatible with hereditary cancer. One of the patients belonged to a cancer family syndrome (CFS) kindred. The CFS is an autosomal, dominantly inherited trait for adenocarcinomas is well documented. It seems, on the basis of the present study, that CFS should also be added to the list of genetic risk factors for gastric carcinoma. The high incidence of familial cases indicates the importance of studying the family history of every patient with abdominal symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Analysis of 58 patients surviving more than ten years after operative treatment of gastric cancer.

We evaluated 58 patients who were still alive more than ten years after operative treatment of gastric cancer. We reexamined their histologic specimens and compared them with those of matched paired controls of the same sex and age who had died of gastric cancer. Forty-two patients consented to a follow-up study. The age of the patients did not affect survival. For patients with gastric cancer, those with distal cancer or an ulcer simulating cancer had had a better prognosis. Forty percent of the patients had had an early gastric cancer. Only two patients had had lymph node metastases in regional lymph nodes, and macroscopic tumor growth through the serosa had been recorded in only four cases. In 23 cases, a distal resection had proved successful. No significant correlation between intestinal or diffuse types of cancer and prognosis was observed. One recurrence after ten years was found; in one case, there was a new cancer in the gastric remnant. In addition, biopsy specimens from two patients showed grave dysplasia. We suggest that throughout their lives annual follow-up examinations be performed in patients who have undergone radical operations for gastric cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in human ovarian cyst fluid. Comparison with CA 125 and CEA.

The levels of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI), CA 125 and CEA were measured in ovarian cyst fluids from 21 patients. TATI in cyst fluid was immunologically and physicochemically similar to the peptide originally isolated from the urine of a patient with ovarian cancer. Mucinous cysts contained significantly higher levels of TATI than did serous cysts. Immunohistochemically TATI was localized in the apical parts of cells of mucinous ovarian cysts. These results suggest that this tumour-associated peptide is actually produced by a tumour. Like TATI, CEA occurred at higher concentrations in mucinous than in serous cyst fluids, whereas CA 125 was found in higher concentrations in serous than in mucinous cyst fluids. The concentrations of these tumours markers in cyst fluids did not correlate with circulating levels of the same markers. In spite of the very high levels of all these tumour markers in benign cyst fluids, serum levels were normal or only slightly elevated. Clearly elevated serum levels occurred only in patients with malignant tumours. Cyst fluid levels of these tumour markers could not be used to distinguish between benign and malignant tumours.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1987

Peritoneal lavage combined with volume therapy in porcine hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Effects on hemodynamics, microcirculation, and peritoneal morphology.

Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in 15 piglets, after which 8 of the piglets were treated with saline infusion only and 7 were treated with saline infusion and peritoneal lavage. Hemodynamic variables were measured hourly. Organ and peritoneal blood flow was determined at 0, 1, and 5 h with radioactive microspheres. Peritoneal morphology was studied at 0, 1, 3, and 5 h with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, changes in cardiac output, mean blood pressure, and peritoneal blood flow and the peritoneal inflammatory reaction were similar in the two groups. However, a significant increase in heart rate and a significant decrease in the blood flow to the pancreas, liver, and spleen were observed in the saline group, in contrast to the lavage group. In addition, blood flow to the adrenal glands was significantly higher in the saline group after 1 h. In conclusion, peritoneal lavage prevented the increase in heart rate and the development of a significant decrease in pancreatic blood flow in experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis. The significance of these findings remains to be further evaluated.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a functioning kidney. A case report.

A 34-year-old woman with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis mimicking a renal tumour is presented. Preoperative examinations including renal ultrasonography, computed tomography, renal angiography and fine needle biopsy could not exclude malignancy. The diseased kidney had good function and there was no history or signs of urinary tract infection or calculi. During operation a frozen section biopsy showed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and a kidney-saving enucleation of the tumour was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully with good kidney function on the operated side.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Tissue expression of the tumor marker CA 50 in benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. A comparison with CA 19-9.

The expression of the tumor marker antigen CA 50, defined by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) C 50, was studied by the immunoperoxidase technique in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from normal pancreata, from pancreata with pancreatitis and from benign and malignant pancreatic neoplasms. The results were compared with those obtained with Mab 1116 NS 19-9. The C 50 antibody reacts, like the 1116 NS 19-9 antibody, with sialosylfucosyllactotetraose (corresponding to sialylated blood group antigen Lewisa), but also with another sugar moiety, sialosyllactotetraose. Thirty-two of 37 well- to moderately-differentiated adenocarcinomas and all cystadenocarcinomas were positive for CA 50. The staining was most intense in the apical border of the cells, and in the intraluminal mucus. The number of positive cells was smaller in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and only occasional cells were stained in anaplastic carcinomas. In acute and chronic pancreatitis small terminal ducts, centro-acinar cells and some large ducts stained for CA 50. In normal pancreas only a few small terminal ducts were CA-19-9-positive, whereas both ducts and centro-acinar cells were C-50-positive. Normal pancreatic tissue adjacent to carcinoma usually stained more strongly for CA 50 than the carcinoma, whereas the opposite was true for CA 19-9. Eight out of 11 CA-19-9-negative carcinomas were CA-50-positive. Serous cystadenomas and malignant islet-cell tumors were focally positive for CA 50, but negative for CA 19-9. It seems apparent that the C 50 antibody reacts with another determinant than sialylated Lewisa in CA-19-9-negative specimens, serous cystadenomas and malignant islet-cell tumors. Serum CA 50 and CA 19-9 levels were determined in 29 patients with pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity was similar for both markers (76%), and there was a positive correlation between the serum levels. However, there was no correlation between the serum levels and the histological expression of the CA 50 and CA 19-9 antigens.

Adenocarcinoma↗