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Biomedical subjects

S Nomoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Nomoto.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Histochemical study on end-plate cholinesterase in aged mice.

The cholinesterase activity at the motor end-plate of aged mice was investigated histochemically. A relative quantitative method was applied for studying the reaction at end-plates by utilizing varying concentrations of eserine. The number of end-plates reacting at a concentration of more than 5 X 10(-6) M eserine was reduced in aged diaphragm but increased in aged soleus muscle at 10(-5) M eserine in comparison with those in the young. It seems likely that there is an age-related change in cholinesterase activities in relation to muscle fiber types.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1985

Cytogenetic and ultrastructural studies on ten patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, including one case with a complex translocation.

Chromosomal banding analyses and ultrastructural studies were performed on ten cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL-M3). A reciprocal translocation, t(15q + ;17q-), was found in six of them, and the possible breakpoints of these chromosomes were assigned at bands 15q22 and 17q12. In addition, trisomy 8, trisomy 8 and 21, and an isochromosome of the long arm of the translocated #17, i(17q-), were observed in addition to the 15;17 translocation in three cases, respectively. Furthermore, one patient was found to have a complex translocation in the marrow cells, i.e., 47,XX,+X,t(1p+;5q-;15q+;17q-). Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the leukemic cells obtained from six of the seven patients with the chromosomal changes involving 17q12 and from two of the three with normal karyotypes contained stellate rough surface endoplasmic reticulum (stellate rER) complexes and/or inclusion bodies in part of the dilated rER.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

EMG activity in pectoral and femoral muscles during spinal cord cooling in exercising pigeons.

Adult domestic pigeons, with thermodes chronically implanted in the vertebral canal, were trained to walk on a treadmill. In the first series of experiments, EMG activity in a pectoral (M. pectoralis) and a femoral muscle (M. biceps femoris) was measured to determine if shivering could occur during exercise. When the spinal cord was cooled (36.2 +/- 0.5 degrees C) during exercise (0.6 km/h), pectoral muscle EMG activity increased by 80%, while femoral muscle EMG activity did not change significantly. EMG activity remained unchanged during exercise in control experiments where the spinal cord was not cooled. In the second series of experiments, the spinal cord was first cooled (36.1 +/- 0.5 degrees C) for 5 min in resting pigeons and then the treadmill was started. Spinal cord cooling during rest significantly increased pectoral muscle EMG activity but not that of the femoral muscle. Within 1 s after the onset of exercise, EMG activity in the pectoral muscle decreased by 74%. In both series of experiments, shivering was not induced in the femoral muscle. The level of pectoral muscle EMG activity stimulated by spinal cord cooling during exercise in the first series of experiments corresponded to the level to which EMG activity was reduced by exercise during spinal cord cooling in the second series of experiments (192% and 186% in relation to the post-cooling level, respectively). It is concluded that shivering can be induced in the pectoral muscle by spinal cord cooling during exercise in the pigeon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt following long-term administration of prostaglandin E1 for ductus-dependent neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

In the treatment of cyanotic heart diseases in neonates who are ductus dependent, the small size of the pulmonary artery and/or subclavian artery often precludes construction of a sufficient Blalock-Taussig shunt. To avoid an emergency operation and to obtain pulmonary and subclavian arteries of adequate size (3 mm), a low dose of prostaglandin E1 was given to 16 neonates for a mean of 47 days (range 26 to 65 days), and a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt operation was performed in neonates whose mean age was 50 days. The pulmonary artery grew significantly (mean 4.5 mm) and the mean diameter of the subclavian artery was 3 mm, which was large enough for a good shunt at the time of operation. There were two late deaths and one operative death. All surviving patients shunts at the mean follow-up period of 22 months. The shunt was constructed on the same side as the ductus arteriosus so that the ductus could be ligated at the same operation in selected cases; the ductus may not close after discontinuation of prostaglandin E1 infusion and may cause uncontrollable congestive heart failure because of excessive pulmonary blood flow, particularly in patients with a univentricular heart. The ductus, dissected in nine patients, was enlarged and elongated in all and was ligated in four patients without complication.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1984

Cardiovascular and blood gas responses to shivering produced by external and central cooling in the pigeon.

Cardiovascular and blood gas responses of pigeons to spinal cord cooling (35-36 degrees C) were measured at thermoneutral (28 degrees C) and low (5 degrees C) ambient temperatures. Spinal cord cooling at thermoneutral temperatures caused immediate shivering and increases in heat production (223%), heart rate (152%) and cardiac output (169%), but blood pressure and stroke volume did not change. PaCO2 and PvCO2 increased slightly during the cooling; PaO2 and CaO2 decreased slightly while PvO2 and CvO2 decreased considerably (10 Torr and 1.7 mmol . l-1, respectively), resulting in a greater a-v difference in O2 content. Ambient cooling produced responses comparable to spinal cord cooling. Simultaneous spinal cord and ambient cooling produced similar responses that were generally greater in magnitude than either kind of cooling alone. Consequently, heart rate, cardiac output and O2 extraction from the blood were all significantly, linearly related to heat production over the wide range studied. Comparisons are made between cardiovascular responses of birds to shivering and exercise in regards to the relative importance of increases in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure. It is suggested that exercise and shivering may effect cardiovascular responses through similar receptor mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Formation of bioorganic compounds in aqueous solution induced by plasma.

When plasma jet of Ar-arc plasma was blown into an aqueous solution containing organic compounds, oxidation reactions were induced in the solution. The plasma-induced reaction was a powerful oxidation which could convert a methyl to a carboxyl group and cleave a carbon-carbon bond without using any oxidizing reagent. This reaction could be regarded as a model for the solar plasma-induced reaction in the primitive hydrosphere.

Amines↗
PubMed1984

Formation of bioorganic compounds in aqueous solution induced by flames.

Flames of flammable gases, when blown against a surface of an aqueous solution of organic compounds, were found to induce oxidation as well as other reactions in the solution. This reaction would be regarded as a new model for formation of bioorganic molecules in the primitive hydrosphere exposed to some radical-containing atmosphere.

Amino Acids↗