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Biomedical subjects

S Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Noguchi.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The prognostic importance of nuclear morphometry and the MIB-1 index in rhabdomyosarcoma [corrected].

Both nuclear morphometry and an evaluation of the cell proliferative activity have been reported to be useful tools in predicting prognosis in malignant tumors. There have been few reports, however, on rhabdomyosarcoma regarding these evaluative techniques. We performed nuclear morphometry on 51 tumor specimens obtained either by biopsy or by resection of primary and untreated rhabdomyosarcomas, and we then evaluated MIB-1 staining on 25 of the 51 specimens. The morphometric analysis was semiautomatically performed on hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections by using a personal computer. The areas, perimeters, and lengths of the major and minor axes of the best fitting ellipse of the nuclei were all measured. In addition, the Form Ell (nuclear ellipsoidity score: minor axis/major axis) was calculated. Using the monoclonal MIB-1 antibody, which detects Ki-67 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, immunohistochemical studies were performed. The values of the major and minor axes and the Form Ell showed significant differences between each histologic subtype whereas the values of nuclear areas did not. We defined the nucleus whose Form ELL was smaller than 0.25 as spindle-shaped nuclei and then divided all cases into two groups on the basis of the ratio of the spindle-shaped nuclei to the total number of nuclei of the tumor cells. The group with the higher ratio showed a significantly better prognosis (P < 0.05). The same trends were also found in the specimens with an embryonal subtype. Nuclear morphometry was a useful tool in predicting prognosis. In particular, the appearance of spindle tumor cells in rhabdomyosarcoma correlated with a better prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A case of hydronephrosis with high level of serum Span-1 antigen and CA19-9].

A sixty-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of left flank pain. Laboratory data showed a high level of serum CA19-9. Computerized tomography and ultrasonography revealed left hydronephrosis and hydroureter. No tumors were found in the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract or genitourinary tract. The serum SPan-1 antigen level was elevated to 250 U/ml, and the serum CA19-9 level was also elevated to 580 U/ml. Since urological malignancy was not excluded from these findings, left nephroureterectomy was performed. Pathological findings revealed chronic inflammation, and malignant cells were not found in the resected specimens. Although high levels of SPan-1 antigen and CA19-9 have been reported in benign diseases, both are usually less than 100 U/ml. In this case, serum SPan-1 antigen and CA19-9 levels were extremely high (more than 1,000 U/ml). Since the serum SPan-1 antigen and CA19-9 levels were gradually reduced to normal levels within 4 months after the operation, a possible explanation for the high levels of the two tumor markers is hydronephrosis in the left kidney. We report this interesting hydronephrosis associated with high levels of serum SPan-1 antigen and CA19-9.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1996

[CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV and thyroid peroxidase as molecular markers for differentiated thyroid carcinoma].

Differential expression of two enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO), in neoplastic thyroid tissues was studied by Northern blot analysis and histochemical analysis using 31 thyroid tissue specimens of various thyroid diseases. On Northern blot analysis, all 16 differentiated carcinomas (12 papillary and 4 follicular carcinomas) overexpressed CD26/DPP IV mRNA, whereas all 14 benign tissue specimens (4 normal thyroid, 4 Graves' disease, 2 adenomatous goiters and 4 follicular adenomas) showed faint expression of CD26/DPP IV mRNA. All 14 benign tissues expressed high levels of TPO mRNA, whereas all 12 papillary carcinomas strongly underexpressed TPO mRNA. A medullary carcinoma did not show any mRNA expression of either enzyme. TPO mRNA expression in differentiated carcinomas did not always correlate with mRNA expression of thyroglobulin, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, and thyroid transcription factor-1. Northern blot analysis also revealed that CD26/DPP IV is a more specific marker of differentiated carcinoma than three proto-oncogenes previously reported to increase mRNA expression in thyroid carcinomas: c-met, c-erbB-2, and EGF-R. Histochemically, all 14 benign tissues were CD26/DPP IV negative and strongly TPO positive, while all 12 papillary carcinomas were strongly CD26/DPP IV positive and TPO negative. Three of 4 follicular carcinomas were histochemically positive for the two enzymes. These findings suggest that the differential expression of these two enzymes can be applied to study the thyroid tumorigenesis.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1996

[Recurrent and up-grading bladder cancer in a young female: a case report].

We report a case of superficial bladder cancer in a young female, with grade-up tumor after frequent recurrences. A 29-year-old woman complained of gross hematuria on April 25, 1991. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary pedunculated tumor and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) was performed. Pathological examination showed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) pT1 grade 1. In spite of prophylactic therapy, such as intravesical instillation of anticancer drugs and radiochemohyperthermia, she suffered frequent recurrences. At the 6th recurrence, the tumor deteriorated to grade 3 on September 2, 1992. Total cystectomy was done on February 15, 1993 because of uncontrollable bleeding from bladder cancer. Convalescence was uneventful, and no evidence of recurrence was present 2.8 years postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Detection of breast cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes by amplification of keratin 19 mRNA with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction].

Keratin 19 mRNA reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (K 19 RT-PCR) was compared with histological examination in the detection of breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes. Sixty-three axillary lymph nodes, which were obtained from 23 breast cancer patients, were bisected. One half was studied by conventional histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin sections. Total RNA was extracted from the other half and subjected to K 19 RT-PCR. In all the ten lymph nodes, which were histologically metastasis-positive, K 19 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Of the 53 histologically negative lymph nodes, five (9%) lymph nodes were found to express K 19 mRNA, indicating the presence of micrometastases which could be detected by RT-PCR but not by a histological examination. These results demonstrate the usefulness of K 19 RT-PCR in the detection of breast cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes.

Axilla↗
PubMed1996

[Extirpation of total urinary tract as a final treatment for asynchronous multicentric urothelial cancer: a case report].

A 48-year-old male patient underwent transurethral resection (TUR) for solitary bladder tumor in January 1985. Pathological finding of the specimen was non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) G2 > G1. Following the operation, prophylactic intravesical instillation of antitumor agents, intrapelvic irradiation, and hyperthermia were done for the recurrences. In June 1987, left renal pelvic tumor revealed, and nephroureterectomy was performed. Histological examination of renal pelvic tumor showed TCC G1. Five months later, multiple bladder tumors and right renal pelvic tumor were detected. A total cystectomy, partial nephrectomy and nephrostomy were performed in February and March 1988. Pathology of the bladder and right kidney were TCC G3. One month after these operations, tumors recurred in the rest of the right kidney. Complete remission was achieved after systemic chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC). In January 1992, right renal pelvic tumor recurred again. After two cycles of M-VAC therapy, the rest of the right kidney was extirpated. Postoperative hemodialysis has been uneventful. He has lived without tumor recurrence for three years after the introduction of hemodialysis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

[Consideration of therapeutic choice for grade 3 superficial bladder cancer].

Between January, 1977 and December, 1994, 90 patients with grade 3 (G3) superficial bladder cancer were treated at Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama Municipal Hospital and Kanagawa Cancer Center. These patients were clinically observed. The prognostic factors of the patients with G3 superficial bladder tumors were age and growth pattern of tumors. Patients older than 67 showed significantly poor survival compared with younger patients (p < 0.01). Patients with non-papillary sessile tumors showed significantly poor survival compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The five-year survival rate of the patients with G3 superficial tumors who were treated by total cystectomy was 75%, whereas all the patients who were treated by bladder preservation therapy died within 4 years, the difference being significant (p < 0.05). Eleven patients with G3 superficial bladder tumors died of cancer, and most of these patients had multiple and non-papillary sessile tumors. These findings suggest that the patients with G3 superficial tumors, which are non-papillary sessile tumors, should be treated by radical cystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Identification of peptide fragments chemically cross-linked in cytochrome c oxidase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3.

In order to study steric arrangement of subunits in cytochrome c oxidase isolated from thermophilic Bacillus PS3, we developed a simple procedure including chemical cross-linking, two consecutive runs of electrophoresis, proteolytic digestion, and peptide sequencing for simultaneous identification of two cross-linked fragments. By this procedure, the cytochrome c domain of subunit 2 was found cross-linked to C-terminal region of subunit 1 including two hydrophobic transmembrane segments, suggesting that these two regions were located close each other. The present simple procedure might be applicable to proteins whose crystal structures are not revealed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), a promising nonsurgical therapy for ectopic varices: a case report of successful treatment of duodenal varices by BRTO.

We present a patient with massive tarry stool, diagnosed as duodenal varices bleeding. Endoscopic ligation (EL) therapy was carried out for the varices, but because the possibility of re-bleeding remained, we treated the varices with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), and duodenal varices were successfully decompressed without any complications. BRTO might be a novel therapeutic approach for ectopic varices, including duodenal varices.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1996

[Unilateral and synchronous occurrence of renal cell carcinoma and ureteral tumor: a case report].

An 81-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with left flank pain. Excretory urography revealed left hydronephrosis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a large heterogenous tumor in the upper pole and marked hydronephrosis and hydroureter in the lower portion of the left kidney. Left total nephroureterectomy was performed under the diagnosis of renal pelvic and ureter tumor. The pathological diagnosis was of renal cell carcinoma (spindle type, grade 3) in the kidney and transitional cell carcinoma (grade 2) in the ureter. Postoperative chemotherapy was not given. Convalescence was uneventful and fifteen months after the operation she is alive with no recurrence or metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of FUT-187, oral serine protease inhibitor, on inflammation in the gastric remnant].

Excessive enterogastric reflux following partial gastrectomy is believed to be responsible for the cause of inflammation in the gastric remnant. We examined the effect of FUT-187, a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, on symptoms and endoscopic findings in 33 patients who were diagnosed endoscopically as postgastrectomy gastritis. Patients took 50 mg FUT-187 orally after each meal and at bedtime for 8 weeks. Before treatment, 30 patients (91%) suffered from several symptoms including regurgitation and/or bitter taste in the mouth (49%), epigastric pain (42%) and nausea (36%). From endoscopic observation, erythema was detected in 32 patients, edema in 23 patients and erosion and/or ulcer in 9 patients. After treatment the global improvement rating for subjective symptoms was 76.7% (23/30) and the improvement of endoscopic findings was 63.6% (21/33). Diarrhea was observed in one patient but could be easily controlled by discontinuation of the drug. Our results suggest that FUT-187 can be a useful drug for the treatment of postgastrectomy gastritis with its efficacy and safety.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Structure and function of the N-linked carbohydrate chains of pig zona pellucida glycoproteins.

The N-linked carbohydrate chain of the PZP3 glycoprotein family of pig zona pellucida is shown by competition assay to possess sperm receptor activity. Structural analysis reveals that the N-linked chains comprise neutral and acidic complex-type chains. The tri- or tetra-antennary fraction in the neutral chains possesses the sperm receptor activity, but the activity is markedly reduced compared with that of PZP3, suggesting that the protein moiety participates in the maintenance of proper orientation of the active chain. Two components in the PZP3 family can be separated by reverse-phase HPLC after endo-beta-galactosidase (E beta G) digestion and one of the digests, E beta G-PZP3 alpha, possesses the sperm receptor activity. E beta G-PZP3 alpha deprived of O-linked chains by treatment with alkali retains the activity comparable with E beta G-PZP3 alpha, while E beta G-PZP3 alpha deprived of N-linked chains by N-glycanase digestion loses the activity. Furthermore, competition assay of the digests of E beta G-PZP3 alpha with lysyl-endopeptidase indicates that the active chain is linked to Asn67 or Asn84 of PZP3 alpha or to both residues. We conclude that sperm-egg binding in pigs is mainly mediated by tri- or tetra-antennary, neutral, complex-type N-linked carbohydrate chain(s) localized in the N-terminal region of PZP3 alpha protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Crystal structure of Ustilago sphaerogena ribonuclease U2 at 1.8 A resolution.

The crystal structure of purine-specific ribonuclease (RNase) U2 from Ustilago sphaerogena has been solved by the molecular replacement methods using RNase T1 as a search model. The structure, with 114 amino acid residues, 141 water molecules, and a sulfate ion, is refined to an R factor of 0.143 at 1.8 A resolution. As evidenced by the electron densities, residues 49 and 50 are revised to Glu 49 and Asp 50, respectively, and also Asp 45 is identified as a beta-isomerized form to L-isoaspartate with a beta-peptide linkage. RNase U2 consists of a beta-hairpin at residues from 7 to 14, a 4.4-turn alpha-helix from 16 to 32, a central beta-sheet with five strands, and a protruding beta-turn from 74 to 77. As for the catalytic site residues, His 41, Glu 62, and Arg 85 are located as constituents of the central beta-sheet, and Tyr 39 and His 101 are situated at either end of the beta-sheet. The side chains of Tyr 39, Glu 62, Arg 85, and His 101 are hydrogen-bonded to the sulfate ion which marks the RNA phosphate position. Though the side chain of His 41 is pointing away from the sulfate, small conformational adjustments of His 41 enable the side chain to interact with either the phosphate or the ribose group of RNA. The loop region from Tyr 44 to Asp 50 is ascribed to the base recognition site where Glu 49 is involved in adenine recognition. beta-Isomerized Asp 45 suggests that this region is conformationally flexible and alterable.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Progression of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor demonstrated by clonal analysis.

BACKGROUND: The histogeneses of fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor of the breast appear to be closely related, but it is still unclear whether fibroadenoma can progress directly to phyllodes tumor. METHODS: This issue was studied by conducting clonal analysis of fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumors that were obtained sequentially from the same patient. One patient developed local recurrence of phyllodes tumor twice, and the other two patients each developed a phyllodes tumor after excision of a primary fibroadenoma. The method for clonal analysis was based on trinucleotide repeat polymorphism of the X chromosome-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene and on random inactivation of the gene by methylation. RESULTS: Clonal analysis revealed that all the three primary fibroadenomas were monoclonal and all four recurrent phyllodes tumors were also monoclonal in origin. In addition, the same allele of the AR gene was inactivated in fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor(s) in each patient. The probability that phyllodes tumors of different origin happen to inactivate the same allele of the AR gene as fibroadenomas in every case is quite low. Rather, it is more reasonable to assume that the phyllodes tumor has the same origin as fibroadenoma. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified monoclonal fibroadenomas that can progress to phyllodes tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Mutations in the dystrophin-associated protein gamma-sarcoglycan in chromosome 13 muscular dystrophy.

Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SCARMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder common in North Africa that segregates with microsatellite markers at chromosome 13q12. Here, it is shown that a mutation in the gene encoding the 35-kilodalton dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, gamma-sarcoglycan, is likely to be the primary genetic defect in this disorder. The human gamma-sarcoglycan gene was mapped to chromosome 13q12, and deletions that alter its reading frame were identified in three families and one of four sporadic cases of SCARMD. These mutations not only affect gamma-sarcoglycan but also disrupt the integrity of the entire sarcoglycan complex.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV/DPP IV) as a novel molecular marker for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

In this report we show that CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV/DPP IV) is a novel molecular marker for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Northern-blot analysis of 22 various thyroid tissues revealed that CD26 is a more specific marker of differentiated thyroid carcinoma than 3 proto-oncogenes previously reported to increase mRNA expression in thyroid carcinomas: c-met, c-erbB-2 and EGF-R. A comparative study of 3 CD26 assays, Northern blotting, immunohistochemical staining and activity staining clearly showed that CD26 enzyme activity staining is the most specific assay for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, yet the easiest to perform. Activity staining of 216 thyroid tissues detected CD26 in all 52 papillary carcinomas and all 5 follicular carcinomas, while all 58 cases of Graves' disease were CD26-negative. Among benign neoplasms, 54 of 55 adenomatous goiters and 29 of 33 follicular adenomas were CD26 negative. Staining intensity of the enzyme activity was relative to the degree of CD26 mRNA expression. Southern-blot study showed no gene amplification or major translocation of the CD26 gene in 7 papillary carcinomas examined. Based on this study, ectopic expression of CD26 in differentiated thyroid carcinomas is thought to be mainly caused by increased CD26 mRNA expression. In conclusion, CD26 activity staining is a simple, specific assay which should be added to the usual pathological examinations in order to distinguish differentiated thyroid carcinomas from benign thyroid diseases.

Adolescent↗