Biomedical subjects

S Noda

Publications and source records attributed to S Noda.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Broncholithiasis and thoracoabdominal actinomycosis from dropped gallstones.

We report a case of successfully managed invasive, thoracoabdominal actinomycosis caused by the intraperitoneal spillage of gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The infected gallstones traversed the diaphragm, migrated into the lung parenchyma, and obstructed a segmental bronchus, causing pneumonia. Treatment involved retrieval of the obstructing stone, debridement and drainage of the pleuroperitoneal phlegmon/abscess, and intravenous antibiotics. The case illustrates the need to remove gallstones at the time of cholecystectomy.

Abdominal Abscess↗

PubMed1998

Intraabdominal hemorrhage during combined coronary artery bypass and carotid endarterectomy.

Intraabdominal complications during cardiopulmonary bypass are extremely rare, with an incidence of less than 1% in multiple retrospective studies. These complications are associated with a high mortality, and their rapid diagnosis is critical to the outcome of the patient. We present a case of spontaneous intraabdominal hemorrhage after combined carotid endarterectomy and four-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, which was diagnosed through a diaphragmatic window.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗

PubMed1998

Tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 7-year-old child.

Mucoepidermoid cancers are rare tumors that arise from the serous and mucous glands of the upper airway and salivary glands. Patients, especially children, with tumors that arise in the trachea and upper airways are often misdiagnosed as asthmatic and are treated with bronchodilators without resolution. A 7-year-old girl who had been diagnosed as asthmatic was subsequently found to have a mucoepidermoid tumor of the trachea. She underwent a successful tracheal resection and remains tumor free on follow-up bronchoscopy at 16 months.

Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid↗

PubMed1998

Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of methamphetamine and its metabolites in human urine.

A simple, rapid and highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for determining the enantiomers of methamphetamine and its major metabolites, amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine, in urine samples was developed. Using a newly developed reagent for amines, namely, 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride, six enantiomers were derivatized under mild conditions (i.e., 10 min at room temperature, pH 9.0) and separated isocratically on a cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) coated silica gel column following a pre-separation on an ODS column within 42 min, and the effluent was monitored at 440 nm (lambda ex 330 nm). Calibration curves for these derivatives using spiked human urine were linear in the range 0.05-100 mumol dm-3 with correlation coefficients > or = 0.999. The detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 2.8-8.8 fmol per 5 microliters injection. The relative standard deviations of within- (n = 6) and between-day (n = 5) variations were < or = 7.4%. The method was successfully applied to discriminate between (S)-(+)-methamphetamine and its corresponding metabolites found in abusers' urine and their antipodes in a sample taken from a Parkinsonian patient on selegiline (Deprenyl) therapy.

Amphetamine↗

PubMed1998

Activation of non-primary motor areas during a complex finger movement task revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging.

We examined the brain activation induced by a complex finger movement task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with echo planar imaging (EPI). Imaging planes were set up for the observation of non-primary motor areas. Among five normal males examined, four subjects naive to the task showed activations in contralateral primary and supplementary motor areas and the ipsilateral superior anterior part of the cerebellar hemisphere. Also, the bilateral premotor areas and the contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus were occasionally activated. No changes were observed in the putamen and globus pallidus. The subject accustomed to the task showed activation in the narrow areas of the contralateral primary motor and supplementary motor and premotor areas but not in the cerebellum. These results suggest that fMRI has nearly the same degree of detectability to that of positron emission tomography (PET) in regard to motor functions.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Depressive disorders as psychiatric complications after obesity surgery.

Three case reports of morbidly obese patients (two women and a man) who underwent vertical banded gastroplasty and who subsequently fell into depression, are presented here. The psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised), the eating pattern before obesity surgery, the past history of mental disorder, social adaptation before surgery, psychological gain from their obese state, and the presence of unrealistic expectations of obesity surgery were investigated. Case 1 was diagnosed postoperatively as having a major depressive episode without a personality disorder. Case 2 was diagnosed post-operatively as having a major depressive episode. Case 3 had a depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Cases 2 and 3 had a social phobia with comorbidity of personality disorders. Binge eating disorder was confirmed in all patients before obesity surgery. There were differences between case 1 and cases 2 and 3 based on the presence of personality disorder and the time of onset of depression. When some psychiatric characteristics are confirmed in obese patients, obesity surgery should be undertaken more prudently because the patients may manifest depression postoperatively. The pre-operative psychiatric assessment is essential for a decision on indication of obesity surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Holmium laser resection of the prostate.

A total of 35 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were treated with the Ho: YAG laser using a new technique termed holmium laser resection of the prostate or HoLRP. The laser energy was applied directly to prostatic tissue exclusively through the use of a standard 550 micron end-firing fiber. A high-powered holmium laser was used and was set at 2.4 J per pulse at 25 pulses per second for an average power of 60 W. The mean preoperative AUA Symptom Score was 24. Postoperatively, the score dropped to 10.9, 8.2, 5.2, and 4.6 at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. The peak urine flow rate improved from 6.3 mL/sec preoperatively to 15.1, 15.3 and 16 mL/sec at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. A foley catheter was removed within 24 hours of completion of the operation in 31 patients (89%), and voiding was improved. The HoLRP technique was bloodless, and the short-term results were satisfactory. Most importantly, the defect produced by HoLRP is identical to that of a conventional transurethral resection. These initial results demonstrate that HoLRP is a useful surgical alternative in the treatment of patients with obstructive BPH.

Diuresis↗

PubMed1998

Apoptosis induction by the binding of the carboxyl terminus of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 to calmodulin.

The role of calmodulin (CaM) in apoptosis induced by gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was investigated with cells undergoing single-cell killing. These cells were found to express, under the control of an inducible promoter, wild-type gp160 or mutant gp160 devoid of various lengths of the carboxyl terminus. Immunoprecipitation accompanied by immunoblotting revealed binding of CaM to wild-type gp160 but not to mutant gp160 bearing a carboxyl terminus with a deletion spanning more than five amino acid residues. A significant coenzyme activity was detected in the CaM bound to gp160 even in the presence of a Ca2+ chelater, EGTA. The cells forming this gp160-CaM complex exhibited an elevated intracellular Ca2+ level followed by DNA fragmentation, which is a hallmark of apoptosis, and finally cell killing, while the cells not forming this complex did not show any significant elevation in Ca2+ level or DNA fragmentation. These results thus indicated that CaM plays a key role in gp160-induced apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed1998

Cholinesterase activity in quails of neuropathy caused by organophosphates.

It is known that some organophosphates produce not only well-known acute toxicity but also characteristic delayed neurotoxicity. Tri-ortho-tolyl phophate (TOTP), which was formerly named Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphaete (TOCP), was first noticed in an incident of poisoning as the compound which produced organophosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). It is said that triphenyl phosphite (TPP) is also one of the organophosphates which possesses OPIDN. However, it is thought that TPP-induced delayed neurotoxicity (TPP-DN) is not identical with classical OPIDN. An intermediate syndrome was later proposed as the third neurotoxicity caused by organophosphates. We think that TPP is a model chemical of the third neurotoxicity. We compared TOTP with TPP using Japanese quails. We measured cholinesterase (ChE) activity and clearly demonstrated the difference between the two chemicals, that is to say, the activity recovered after 72 hrs from the administration of TPP, whereas the inhibition continued for more than 11 days after the administration of TOTP.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A novel myosin-like protein (myocilin) expressed in the connecting cilium of the photoreceptor: molecular cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal mapping.

We have isolated a human cDNA clone encoding a novel acidic protein of MW 55,000 that we designated "myocilin" since it has homology to myosin and is localized preferentially in the ciliary rootlet and basal body of the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of human myocilin showed significant homologies with nonmuscle myosin of Dictyostelium discoideum in the N-terminal region and also with olfactomedin of bullfrog in the C-terminal region. Myocilin contained a leucine zipper-like motif similar to that seen in kinectin and other cytoskeletal proteins. These findings suggest that myocilin is a novel cytoskeletal protein involved in the morphogenesis of ciliated neuroepithelium such as photoreceptor cells. The myocilin gene (MYOC) was mapped to human chromosome 1q23-q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

Expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycan mRNA in rat kidneys during calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

This study used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to examine heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HS-PG) mRNA expression levels during stone formation in the rat kidney. Total RNA in kidneys was extracted and converted to cDNA. PCR products were resolved by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel and visualized with ethidium bromide. Fragment intensity and area were measured using an image analyzer. Control cyclophilin and HS-PG mRNAs were expressed in all samples examined as 235 bp and 506 bp bands, respectively. Cyclophilin expression in the normal group was not significantly different from expression in the group that formed stones. However, the level of HS-PG mRNA expression apparently increased in calcium oxalate (CaOx) microlith. The findings suggest an association between CaOx nephrolithiasis and expression of HS-PG in the rat kidney.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Pulmonary embolectomy after single-lung transplantation.

Single-lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension results in a significant ventilation/perfusion mismatch with dramatic shift of blood flow, but not ventilation, to the replacement organ. This raises concern that the patient may be precariously dependent on the function of the transplanted lung. We report the successful management of a massive central pulmonary embolus to the transplanted lung in a 43-year-old woman 4 years after single-lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Subunit composition of the pre-T-cell receptor complex analysed by monoclonal antibody against the pre-T-cell receptor alpha chain.

The pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) complex, which consists of a heterodimer of the TCR beta-chain and the pre-TCR alpha-chain, is known to regulate early thymocyte development. The pre-TCR complex contains CD3 subunits as a signal-transducing molecule, but the exact subunit composition of the fully assembled pre-TCR complex remains to be elucidated. In particular, the association of the CD3 zeta-chain with the pre-TCR is controversial. In the present study, we have generated a monoclonal antibody against the cytoplasmic portion of the pre-TCR alpha-chain, and analysed a subunit composition of the pre-TCR complex. We demonstrated that the CD3 zeta-chain is physically associated with the pre-TCR in immature T cells. Thus, the result strongly supports the previous findings that CD3 zeta contributes to signalling mediated through the pre-TCR complex.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in human prostate by high-performance liquid chromatography.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) profiles in human prostatic tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen human prostatic samples were examined; five were normal, six hyperplastic and six were cancerous. Prostatic proteoglycans were extracted with 4 mol/L guanidine-HCl containing protease inhibitors. After digestion of the freeze-dried proteoglycan extract with papain, the prostatic GAGs were purified. Total GAGs were measured by a modified dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) method. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the extracted GAGs. RESULTS: Six types of GAGs, i.e. chondroitin 4-sulphate (Ch-4S), chondroitin 6-sulphate (Ch-6S), dermatan sulphate (DS), chondroitin, heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid, were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The total amount of GAGs was increased in hyperplastic and cancerous prostates, with the predominant components being DS and Ch-6S in these specimens. The Ch-S:DS ratio in cancerous prostate was significantly higher than that in normal and BPH tissue (P < 0.05). Moreover, chondroitin was increased in hyperplastic prostatic tissue (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an increase in chondroitin levels may be associated with hyperplastic change and an increase in the Ch-S:DS ratio may be related to the development of malignancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-A2-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of patient with testicular embryonal cancer.

T lymphocytes play an important role in tumor rejection. To understand T cell-mediated specific immunity at the tumor site of testicular embryonal cancer, we investigated whether interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of a patient with testicular embryonal cancer show histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxicity. We established a CD3+CD4-CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line from the IL-2-activated TIL of a 37-year-old patient with testicular embryonal cancer. A 6 h 51Cr-release assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity of the CTL. The CD3+CD4-CD8+ CTL line showed cytotoxicity against HLA-A2+ tumor cells, including freshly isolated autologous tumor cells, adenocarcinoma cell lines from various organs (lung, breast, pancreas, colon and kidney) and squamous cell carcinomas (esophagus and oral cavity). No other cell lines examined, including an autologous tumor cell line and HLA-A2- tumor cell lines, were lysed by this CTL line. These results suggest the existence of HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific CTL at the tumor site of testicular embryonal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with prostate cancer using prostate specific membrane-derived primers in the polymerase chain reaction.

BACKGROUND: Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has been described as human prostate specific. It is possible that PSM could be used as a biomarker for staging prostate cancer. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 groups of patients with prostate cancer were used for the detection of PSM messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) method. Group 1 consisted of 29 untreated patients (13 stage B cancer, 5 stage C, and 11 stage D cancers). Group 2 consisted of 40 treated patients (23 responded well and 17 had recurrence after treatment). In addition, blood specimens from 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 5 women, and 5 men undergoing cystoprostatectomy for invasive bladder cancer were used as controls. We then correlated patient and disease characteristics with PCR assay results. RESULTS: Samples of all 40 controls were negative for PSM-mRNA. Thirteen of 29 patients of group 1 (45%) were positive for PSM-mRNA. The PCR positive rate did not correlate with clinical stage, pathologic stage, tumor grade, or serum PSA levels. Nine of 40 patients (22%) in group 2 were positive for PSM-mRNA, and the majority (8 of 9) were derived from the group of patients with recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: A nested RT PCR assay for PSM mRNA can detect circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with prostatic cancer. These results suggest that the detection of circulating tumor cells could be useful for monitoring disease progression of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Therapeutic efficacy of clenbuterol for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is one of the most common complications occurring after radical prostatectomy. We evaluated the efficacy of clenbuterol, a selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, in the treatment of incontinence occurring after radical prostatectomy, using urodynamic assessment. METHODS: Fourteen men (mean age, 68 years) with post-radical-prostatectomy incontinence were treated with 20 mg of clenbuterol twice a day for 1 month. The urodynamic assessment was performed on all patients before and after the administration of clenbuterol. A pad scoring system was used to gauge the severity of incontinence before and after treatment. RESULTS: At 1 month after administration of clenbuterol, 9 of the 14 patients (64%) had dramatic improvement in pad scores. Treatment failed in 5 patients (36%) with severe incontinence. The results of urodynamic studies showed that the mean functional urethral length of the patients with post-radical-prostatectomy incontinence increased significantly after treatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that clenbuterol can be used as an effective agent for treating mild-to-moderate stress incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in primary and metastatic malignant melanomas.

In embryos morphogenetically active cells transiently express the cholinergic system comprising cholinesterase activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Malignant melanomas develop from melanocytes, which are derived from the neural crest. Neural crest cells express the embryonic muscarinic system during migration. Using the monoclonal antibody M35, we now show that normal melanocytes carry no muscarinic receptors, whereas malignant melanoma cells express them again. In primary melanomas and metastatic melanomas, we identified muscarinic receptors in solid strands or groups of atypical cells. In all primary malignant melanomas studied we found inhomogeneous distributions of M35-immunoreactivity subdividing the tumors into three different zones. In the tumor center, groups or single cells often showed only little or even no immunofluorescence. In contrast, pericentrally we detected strong immunostaining in the conglomerations of atypical melanocytes. In the peripheral infiltration zone, intensely fluorescent cells in clusters or single, were spreading into the normal tissue, leading to a more patchy staining pattern. Melanocytes of nevi also possess muscarinic receptors, showing similar distribution patterns as in the melanoma. We suggest that in malignant melanomas muscarinic receptors might play a regulative role in infiltrative growth and metastasis.

Hair Follicle↗