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Biomedical subjects

S Noble

Publications and source records attributed to S Noble.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

In vitro translation of nematode cuticular collagens.

Phenanthroline treatment of growing cultures of the free-living nematode Panagrellus silusiae was used to lower the degree of hydroxylation of nascent collagen chains at the polysomal level. Under these conditions, the bound pentasome-hexasome fraction provided substrate for prolyl hydroxylase. When this polysomal fraction was subsequently tested in a cell-free wheat germ system, collagenase-susceptible translation products were observed after sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic mobilities of each of these four major collagen products were similar to four collagens that are isolated from intact cuticles. In addition, purified polysomal RNA that adhered to unmodified cellulose directed the synthesis of four pepsin-resistant polypeptides that had molecular weights that coincided with four pepsin-resistant collagens that can be purified from the cuticle of this species. Thus, the polysomal site of the messenger RNAs for the cuticular collagens of P. silusiae was located. Although precursor forms of the cuticular collagens were not produced in the cell-free system, the question whether additional amino acid segments occur on the primary translational products of the cuticular collagens in vivo remains open.

Cell-Free System↗
PubMed1973

Parents of battered babies: a controlled study.

A controlled investigation of 214 parents of battered babies shows that they were young and predominantly of lower social class. Premature parenthood is an associated feature. Among the mothers 76% had an abnormal personality and 48% were neurotic. Nearly half were of borderline or subnormal intelligence; 11% had a criminal record. Of the fathers 64% had an abnormal personality, more than half being psychopaths. Twenty-nine per cent. had a criminal record. Recidivism is an associated feature.The risk of battering possibly diminishes with time. The teaching of appropriate child-rearing skills, symptomatic relief, and social relearning are suggested as realistically based treatment methods and should be combined with a care order. When response to treatment appears unlikely permanent removal from parental care should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical metronidazole. A review of its use in rosacea.

UNLABELLED: Topical application of the antibacterial agent metronidazole is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe rosacea, although its mechanism of action has yet to be clearly established. Metronidazole preparations (0.75 and 1% cream, 0.75% gel and 0.75% lotion) were significantly more effective than placebo in patients with moderate to severe rosacea when administered to the affected area once or twice daily for 7 to 12 weeks. The mean number of papules and pustules decreased by between 48 and 65.1% during the treatment period. Reductions were fairly consistent regardless of formulation, strength or application frequency and were significant compared with placebo (p < 0.05). In 1 study, most of the overall effects of metronidazole were observed within the first 3 weeks. Although data are limited, topical metronidazole appears to improve inflammatory lesions and erythema as effectively as oral tetracyclines. Like tetracyclines, however, metronidazole has no effect on telangiectasia. Metronidazole 0.75% gel seems to be effective in maintaining remission of rosacea symptoms in patients successfully treated with both oral tetracycline and topical metronidazole. In the only study, 77% of patients treated with metronidazole gel compared with 58% of placebo recipients (p < 0.05) remained in remission 6 months after the tetracycline was stopped. The effects of topical metronidazole preparations on rosacea symptoms are palliative, not curative, but preliminary data suggest that relapse rates after cessation of therapy are no worse than those after cessation of oral oxytetracycline. Topical metronidazole formulations are generally well tolerated locally, with stinging, dryness, burning and itching reported in < or = 2% of patients. Because minimal concentrations of metronidazole are absorbed after topical administration, systemic adverse events and drug interactions seen with oral or intravenous metronidazole are unlikely. CONCLUSIONS: Topical metronidazole formulations are significantly more effective than placebo when used in the initial treatment of patients with moderate to severe rosacea. Furthermore, limited evidence suggests that the use of topical metronidazole alone may be as effective as oral tetracyclines against the disorder's inflammatory component. Therefore, for those patients with a preference for topical rather than oral therapy, the use of a topical metronidazole formulation must be a consideration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia: a review.

UNLABELLED: Sevoflurane is an ether inhalation anaesthetic agent with low pungency, a non-irritant odour and a low blood: gas partition coefficient. It can be rapidly and conveniently administered without discomfort, and its low solubility facilitates precise control over the depth of anaesthesia and a rapid and smooth induction of, and emergence from, general anaesthesia. As an induction and maintenance agent for ambulatory and nonambulatory surgery in children, sevoflurane provides more rapid induction of, and emergence from, anaesthesia than halothane, and has similar or better patient acceptability. Time to discharge from the recovery area is usually at least as fast with sevoflurane as with halothane. While rapid emergence from sevoflurane lessens the time spent under anaesthesia, postoperative pain may be more intense and occur earlier than during more gradual emergence. Sevoflurane has been used successfully as an induction agent for tracheal intubation and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion: time to LMA insertion is faster with sevoflurane than halothane, but the 2 drugs provide similar conditions for tracheal intubation. The pattern and incidence of induction and emergence events such as cough, laryngospasm and agitation/excitement is similar with sevoflurane and halothane; however, sevoflurane may cause less postoperative nausea and vomiting. At present, differences have not been consistently shown between the 2 drugs in their propensity to cause postoperative excitement or agitation. Compared with halothane, sevoflurane has low potential for arrhythmogenicity. Clinical experience does not substantiate concerns over the potential nephrotoxicity of the sevoflurane byproducts pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether ('Compound A') and plasma F- ions; no renal impairment has been documented in children receiving sevoflurane in clinical trials. The potential for sevoflurane hepatotoxicity also appears negligible. There are few trials comparing sevoflurane with agents other than halothane in paediatric anaesthesia. As well, pharmacoeconomic analyses are scarce and incompletely published; further studies are needed to determine whether shortened times to emergence will translate into cost savings. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane is a preferred anaesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of paediatric anaesthesia because of its rapid induction and recovery characteristics, lack of pungency and agreeable odour, and acceptable cardiovascular profile. Although the issue of postoperative excitement requires clarification, sevoflurane anaesthesia can be considered a rational choice for ambulatory and nonambulatory surgery in children.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗