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Biomedical subjects

S Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishio.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prostacyclin and beraprost sodium as suppressors of activated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Beraprost sodium (beraprost) is a stable analogue of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), which can be administrated orally. In the present study, the effect of beraprost on the activation process of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was examined in vitro. Beraprost effectively inhibited chemotaxis of PMNs induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), beraprost elevated intracellular cAMP level and inhibited the influx of extracellular Ca2+ in PMNs. The concentration-response curves showed that the inhibitory effect of beraprost on chemotaxis was correlated with the increment of intracellular cAMP level of the PMNs and inhibition of influx of extracellular Ca2+. Beraprost also inhibited inositol phospholipid metabolic turnover and superoxide anion production of PMNs induced by FMLP at relatively high concentration. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of beraprost on the PMN function especially chemotaxis is mediated through the elevation of the intracellular cAMP level, which interferes with the signal transduction process probably through the inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization in PMNs. The above-mentioned effects of beraprost were also the case with PGI2. The potency of beraprost was comparable to PGI2 in the present study. Considering its stability, these results thus raise a possibility that beraprost might exert anti-inflammatory effect in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Radiation-induced meningiomas and their proliferative activity. Cytokinetic study using bromodeoxyuridine.

Two cases of meningiomas, which are considered to have been caused by the preceding irradiation, are reported. In both cases, the cytokinetic study of the tumour using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was performed. The percent of the tumour cells in the S phase of the cell cycle was less than 1% in both cases. The low labelling indices might suggest a relatively slow growing potential of these tumours, though the radiation-induced meningiomas were reported as being rapidly growing and malignant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Long-term results of wrapping of intracranial ruptured aneurysms.

We report the long term result of the treatment of 29 intracranial ruptured aneurysms by wrapping with or without coating. These patients were followed for a mean period of 11 years. The outcome of all patients was as follows; 19 were categorized as good, 2 were severely disabled, on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and 8 died. The rebleeding occurred in 5 patients within 3 years after surgery, and all died. There was an overall rate of 17% of rebleeding in our series, which is much higher than the rebleeding rate after aneurysm treatment by clipping of the neck but lower than the usual rebleeding rate in conservatively treated cases. In conclusion, the wrapping as a choice of treatment of ruptured aneurysms is not a safe alternative to the direct operative occlusion of the aneurysmal sack.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1990

Cytoprotective effect of TRK-100, a prostacyclin analogue, against chemical injuries in cultured human vascular endothelial cells.

We studied the cytoprotective effect of TRK-100, a chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2), in the cultured human endothelial cells from umbilical vein. TRK-100 (10 and 100 nM) stimulated significantly proliferation of endothelial cells but did not affect PGI2 production in endothelial cells. Exposure of cultured endothelial cells to homocysteine (2.5 mM) or glucose (50 mM) caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in number of viable cells. When endothelial cells were treated with TRK-100 simultaneously or prior to, but not after, exposure to injury substances, decreases in viable cell were significantly suppressed. The protective effect of TRK-100 against homocysteine-induced cytotoxicity also appeared in endothelial cells treated with acetylsalicylic acid, suggesting that endogenous PGI2 did not involve in the protective effect of TRK-100.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1990

Tumors of the lateral ventricular wall, especially the septum pellucidum: clinical presentation and variations in pathological features.

The clinical and histopathological features of 19 patients with tumors involving the septum pellucidum are presented. These tumors predominantly affected young adults, and the clinical manifestations were usually the results of raised intracranial pressure related to obstructive hydrocephalus, mental abnormality, epileptic seizures, or a combination of these. Seventeen of the tumors grew mainly in the lateral and third ventricles, and the other 2 grew both into the lateral ventricle and the cerebral parenchyma. The direction of cellular differentiation of the tumor cells varied from patient to patient and consisted of 8 neurocytomas, 1 mature neuronal tumor with ganglionic and small round neuronal cells, 3 subependymomas, 3 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, 2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 1 malignant astrocytoma, and 1 teratoma with embryonal carcinoma. These tumors were considered to have arisen from the multipotential cells in the subependymal plate or germ cell rests in the lateral ventricular wall, especially in the septum pellucidum. Because of the relatively inert biological behavior and histological features of most of these tumors, we favor the malformative theory of their origin. Either total or an extensive excision of the tumors in this series, which had developed mainly in the ventricular system, provided long-term survival in many cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clinical studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma: blastogenic response, interleukin-2 production and interferon-gamma production of lymphocytes.

Patients with advanced malignant neoplasms have a variety of abnormal lymphocyte functions. We examined the PHA blastogenic response, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production of lymphocytes in 39 bladder cancer patients and 20 control subjects. Correlation between these parameters was also studied. IL-2 production was measured by 3H-thymidine-labelled CTLL-2 assay, and IFN-gamma production was measured by immunoradiometric assay using 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies. As a result, in high stage bladder cancer patients, the PHA blastogenic response, IL-2 production and IFN-gamma production were impaired. However, these parameters were not significantly different between low stage bladder cancer patients and control subjects. There was a significant correlation between the PHA blastogenic response and IL-2 production but no significant correlation between the PHA blastogenic response and IFN-gamma production.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Calcium oxalate crystallisation kinetics and the effects of calcium and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.

gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) is an amino acid with a high affinity for calcium. It is found in urine both as the free amino acid and incorporated into proteins such as osteocalcin. Free and bound GLA have been reported to be found at higher concentrations in the urine of stone formers than controls. We have investigated the effect of GLA and calcium, at physiological levels, on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate using a mixed suspension mixed product removal continuous crystalliser. GLA caused very significant changes in the crystallisation kinetics, but the effect was dependent on the calcium concentration. At 4 mM calcium, GLA decreased the growth rate and increased the nucleation rate; at 12 mM the reverse occurred. At all concentrations of calcium tested, GLA caused a significantly increased crystal mass to be produced. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that GLA modifies calcium oxalate crystallisation and could be a promoter of stone formation in vivo, particularly at moderately elevated levels of calcium excretion.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between blood prostaglandins, plasma lipids and atherosclerosis in dialyzed patients.

The correlations between the degree of atherosclerosis, plasma prostaglandins (PGs) and plasma lipids were examined in maintenance hemodialyzed patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The degree of atherosclerosis was evaluated by pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the aorta. Plasma PGs were radioimmunoassayed. PWV was significantly higher in hemodialyzed patients compared to sex- and age-matched healthy controls. PWV correlated with the plasma thromboxane A2 (TXB2) level and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio in hemodialyzed patients, without a significant difference between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. The plasma lipid profile was type IV of the WHO classification in both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, and PWV did not correlate with these lipid abnormalities. Though not significantly, the decreases in plasma PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and the increase in TXB2 correlated with the degree of type IV hyperlipidemia. The results suggest that plasma PG abnormalities might correlate with the degree of atherosclerosis in hemodialyzed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Age-associated changes in antibody production of murine spleen cells].

In the present work, we studied age-associated changes in murine immune functions. We estimated total antibodies and autoantibodies to single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA), double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) histone and collagen in sera and culture supernatants of spleen cells from young and aged BALB/c, C57BL/6 and MRL/MpJ-(+/+) (MRL/n) mice. In MRL/n mice, the IgM class of the total antibody level in serum increased gradually to the maximum at 3 months of age, and then started to decrease. In contrast, the IgG class started to rise with age after the age of 9 months. Serum levels of IgM and IgG autoantibodies to DNA were dominant in MRL/n mice, and the IgG class started to increase in earlier stages of life than in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Anti-DNA autoantibodies were produced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultures of spleen cells from BALB/c, C57BL/6 and MRL/n mice. The stimulatory effect of LPS on autoantibody production was significantly reduced by the addition of concanavalin A (Con A) to the LPS-stimulated cultures. The Con A-induced suppressive activity increased with the donor age in MRL/n mouse spleen cells. On the other hand, total antibody production in LPS-stimulated cultures was not affected by the addition of Con A to the cultures. These results may suggest that IgG autoantibody-producing B cells increase with age in MRL/n mouse spleen cells, and that the suppressive activity on autoantibody production is selectively augmented.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Inhibitory factors of calcium oxalate crystal growth in urinary macromolecules].

We studied the inhibitory effect of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in the natural form, on calcium oxalate crystals. Control urine was collected from five healthy subjects and filtered by 5 microns and 0.22 micron membranes. The urine was cut off by a membrane of 30,000 M.W. and the remaining urine was fractionated into three groups by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose: peak A contained only protein, peak B both protein and GAGs and peak C only GAGs. Peak A and peak B were fractionated again through a Sephacryl S-200 gel column. Each fractionated sample was examined for the inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystal growth using the 14C-oxalate seeded crystal growth assay in a metastable solution developed by Koide et al. GAGs were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane. SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to determine the molecular weights of proteins. Peak A was found to have many kinds of proteins which had low inhibitory effects. Peak B had three kinds of proteins such as those with molecular weights of 130,000, 45,000 and 35,000 as well as uronic acid. These proteins and uronic acid had high inhibitory effect and the highest inhibitory effect was found in the fraction of around 50,000 M.W. where protein and uronic acid were contained. The molecular weight of this protein was 42,000 by SDS electrophoresis. Uronic acid was a keratan sulphate by a two-dimensional electrophoresis. In peak C there were mainly chondroitin sulphate and a small amount of heparan sulfate which had high inhibitory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1990

[Intravesical instillation chemotherapy of anticancer agents including cylocide: studies of prophylactic effects on the recurrence].

We studied the efficacy of intravesical instillation chemotherapy of anticancer agents including cylocide (CA) in the prevention of recurrence of bladder tumor after surgery. Totally 60 patients with superficial bladder tumor were enrolled into the study. The patients were randomly assigned to either one of three groups: CA 300 mg alone, CA 200 mg + mitomycin C (MMC) 10 mg, and CA 180 mg + adriamycin (ADM) 20 mg. These drugs were initially instilled once a day for one week, and then once a month until 2 years after surgery. Thereafter, the patients were followed up without instillation. The cumulative non-recurrence rates in the CA group was 76.5, 60.0 and 60.0% at 1, 2 and 3 years after the removal of bladder tumor, respectively, while that in the CA + MMC treated group 90.9, 75.3, and 75.3% and that in the CA + ADM treated group, 95.1, 82.9 and 82.9%, respectively. The recurrence rate in the CA, CA + MMC and CA + ADM treated group was 35.3, 27.3 and 19.0%, respectively, the recurrence indices 1.84, 1.07 and 0.74, and the mean times between recurrence 10.8, 16.5 and 18.0 months, respectively. Side effects were noted in 3 of the 17 cases (17.6%) in the CA group, in 3 of the 22 cases (13.6%) in the CA + MMC group and in 3 of the 21 cases (14.3%) in the CA + ADM treated group. These data show that intravesical CA instillation in combination with MMC or ADM is more effective for the prevention of recurrence than that of CA alone.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative clinical trial of UFT medication and intravesical BCG in the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Study Group of UFT and BCG adjuvant therapy for bladder cancer].

In sixty-four patients who had TUR-bt for superficial bladder cancer, the effect of intravesical BCG and UFT medication were compared. Group A (n = 20) were treated with BCG, group B (n = 22) were treated with UFT and group C (n = 22) were treated with both agents. The patients were followed up for more than 12 months by cystoscopy at a interval of 3 months, urinary cytology and bladder cold cup biopsy, if necessary. Thirteen of the 20 patients in group A and 13 of the 22 patients in group B were free of tumors, compared to 5 of the 22 patients in group C. Although the recurrence-free-rate in each group does not differ significantly, the combination therapy of intravesical BCG and UFT medication seems to decrease the rate of tumor recurrence for superficial bladder cancer. Side effects of BCG and UFT were tolerated well.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of risk factors concerning arteriosclerosis of the patients undergoing hemodialysis].

To study the risk factors of arteriosclerosis of the patients undergoing hemodialysis, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in 42 patients (26 male and 16 female) undergoing hemodialysis. The relationships were examined between PWV value and various risk factors, such as age, blood pressure, serum lipid level and aortic calcification index (ACI). PWV value was elevated with age and it was higher in the patients group than the age-matched control subjects. There was a statistically significant correlation between PWV value and blood pressure. The effect of elastase on PWV value was found in the patients with high PWV value (over 9.0 m/sec). However, no correlations were found between PWV value and serum lipid level such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein. On the other hand, PWV value was changeable according to ACI and this relationship was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). These results suggested that aortic calcification could be one risk factor for arteriosclerosis of the patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Correlation of tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandin E2 production of monocytes in bladder cancer patients.

Patients with advanced malignant neoplasms have a variety of abnormal monocyte and lymphocyte functions. The authors examined tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production of monocytes in 48 patients with bladder cancer and 16 control subjects. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by adherence to plastic tissue. They were cultured with lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours, and the culture supernatant was obtained. The TNF was measured by enzyme immunoassay using anti-recombinant human TNF antibody, and PGE2 was measured by radioimmunoassay. As a result, in high-stage bladder cancer patients, there was a significant inverse correlation between TNF and PGE2 production of monocytes. However, there was no significant correlation in control subjects and low stage patients. Accordingly, some patients with high-stage bladder cancer had higher TNF production but lower PGE2 production of monocytes, and vice versa.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1989

Ethylchlorformate polymerized tumor protein immunotherapy of the murine bladder tumor.

Using murine transplantable transitional cell carcinoma (MBT2), the effect of ethylchlorformate (ECF) polymerized tumor protein was compared with that of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Seventy-five C3H/He mice were challenged with an intradermal inoculation of 5 X 10(5) viable MBT2 tumor cells and divided into five groups. Each group was intradermally administered with 0.01 mg of ECF (low ECF), 0.25 mg of ECF (high ECF), 0.1 mg of ECF and 10(6) CFU BCG (ECF/BCG), 10(6) CFU of BCG alone or normal saline (control) weekly for 10 weeks. The mean survival rate for the treatment groups was 64 to 73 days and significantly longer than that for the control group (P less than 0.001, Savage). The incidence of biologically active tumor progression was significantly less for the treatment groups (low ECF, 53%; high ECF, 33%; ECF/BCG, 7%; BCG, 27%) compared with the control group (87%; P less than 0.5, chi-square. The mean rate of tumor growth was significantly lower for all treatment groups than for the control group (P less than 0.001, ANOVA and SNK), and the ECF/BCG group had the lowest growth rate despite a higher incidence of local granulomatous reaction. In this study, immunotherapy significantly prolonged the survival rate, decreased the incidence of biologically active tumor progression, and slowed the rate of tumor growth. The combination of ECF polymerized tumor protein and BCG had the greatest effect, suggesting that the effect of the vaccine was increased with BCG.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Do subependymal nodules grow?

A case of a 10 year-old-boy with subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis is reported. Sequential CT scan showed the growth of subependymal nodules to intraventricular neoplasm, which consequently obstructed the CSF pathway. The surgical indications for this lesion and the role of CT in following up subependymal nodules of tuberous sclerosis are discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1989

Supratentorial astrocytic tumours of childhood: a clinicopathologic study of 41 cases.

Forty-one patients with ages from 0 to 16 years harbouring supratentorial astrocytic tumours were treated between 1964 and 1986. Twenty-four of them were located in the cerebral hemisphere or in the ventricle, and 17 were in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and/or optico-hypothalamic region. There were nine glioblastomas multiforme, four anaplastic astrocytomas, 11 fibrillary astrocytomas, 12 pilocytic astrocytomas, two pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, two subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and one primitive astrocytic tumour. Low grade tumours tended to occur in young subjects near the midline, and high grade one in older patients in the hemisphere. Initial treatment in most the patients was a resection or biopsy followed by radiation therapy. Eleven patients were retreated for their recurrent tumours with combinations of surgical removal of the tumour, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. After a follow-up of 3 months to 17 years, 51% of the patients survived with a median survival of 7 years. Outcome of the patients with supratentorial astrocytomas correlated mostly with the histological grade of malignancy of the tumour, and to a lesser degree with the tumour location. The biological behavior and treatment of supratentorial astrocytomas in childhood are discussed.

Adolescent↗