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Biomedical subjects

S Nishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishimoto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A specific method of glycosylated hemoglobin using furosine measurement.

In order to get an accurately specific determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb-f), the furosine assay method, which can detect epsilon-amino-lysine-bound glucose, was investigated. A good correlation was found between GHb-f values obtained by this method and HbA1 values by conventional ion exchange column chromatography. It was, therefore, considered that this technique would be a new useful method for determining glycosylated hemoglobin.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of periflux blood flow measurement in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy.

The periflux blood flow (PBF) response pattern in the fingertips determined with a periflux laser Doppler flowmeter was analyzed in a standing test in which the subject was instructed to stand up from the sitting position and in Valsalva's maneuver in which respiration was held for 10 s at the maximum inspiration, and indicators such as reaction time (RT), orthostatic dysreaction rate (ODR) and PBF decreasing velocity (PDV) were established for determining autonomic abnormality. RT and ODR were significantly correlated with the change in blood pressure and pulse rate, respectively, in the standing test, and PDV was significantly correlated with beat-to-beat variation. Abnormalities were found in about half of the diabetics in the standing test and Valsalva's maneuver. These results suggested that the analysis of PBF changes in the standing and Valsalva's tests may be an easy and useful approach for clinical examination of the autonomic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies on cefoxitin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Clinical studies were done on cefoxitin (CFX), the first cephamycin antibiotic, in the field of obstetrics and gynecology and following results were obtained. CFX was administrated by intravenous drip infusion for average 6.9 days at a daily dose of 2--6 g to 58 patients; 15 with intrauterine infections, 5 with intrapelvic infections, 11 with adnexitis, 3 with mastitis, 5 with urinary tract infections, 2 with other infections and 17 for prophylaxis of postoperative infections. The clinical results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 39 cases, fair in 4 cases, poor in 6 cases and unknown in 1 case, with the efficacy of 82.5%. Total bacteriological effective rate was 88.9%. As to side effects, eruption was observed only in 1 case. From the results of the present study, the usefulness of CFX was demonstrated in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Radiolytic hydroxylation of 1-substituted thymines promoted by transition metal salts in N2- and N2O-saturated aqueous solutions.

The effect of high-valent transition metal salts on the radiation-induced hydroxylation of thymine (1a), 1-methylthymine (1b), and thymidine (1c) to the corresponding thymine glycol derivatives (2a-c) was studied at pH 7.0 in N2- and N2O-saturated aqueous solutions. The selectivities of (2a-c) based on converted (1a-c) increased to attain the maxima of 35-69% and then decreased, with increasing the one-electron reduction potential [E(M (n+1)+/Mn+)] of metal salts in the range of 0-1.0 V vs. NHE less than. Metal salts with E(M (n+1)+/Mn+) 0 or greater 1.0 V vs. NHE caused little change in the yields of (2a-c).

Hydroxylation↗
PubMed1983

Radiation-induced reduction of nitroimidazole derivatives in aqueous solution.

The radiation-induced reduction of N1-alkyl substituted 2- and 5-nitroimidazoles in aqueous solution containing sodium formate or 2-propanol was studied at pH 7.0 +/- 0.1 under deaerated conditions. Irrespective of 2- or 5-nitroimidazole, N1-unsubstituted nitroimidazoles (2-nitro-(1a), 4(5)-nitro-(2a), 2-methyl-4(5)-nitro (3a), and 4(5)-methyl-5(4)-nitro- (4a) imidazoles) were reduced stepwise to consume 6 electrons per molecule, whereas N1-alkyl substituted nitroimidazoles (1-methyl-2-nitro (5a) and 1-methyl-5-nitro (6a) imidazoles, misonidazole (7a), and metronidazole (8a] reacted with consumption of 4 electrons. In accord with the stoichiometry for the reduction of N1-unsubstituted nitroimidazoles, the formation of the amino derivatives of (1a)-(4a) was shown by HPLC or colour identification tests. 4-Electron-reduction products of N1-alkyl substituted 2-nitroimidazoles (5a) and (7a) were characterized by 13C and 1H n.m.r. and FDMS measurements, indicating that the hydroxyamino derivative of (5a) as a 4-electron-reduction product isomerizes to an oxime form. The formation of an analogous oxime-type product was also suggested for (7a) together with a product bearing the partially cleaved imidizole ring. The HPLC analysis showed that 4-electron-reduction products of N1-alkyl substituted 5-nitroimidazoles (6a) and (8a) are unstable relative to those of the corresponding 2-nitroimidazoles (5a) and (7a).

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1983

Radiation-induced hydroxylation of thymine promoted by electron-affinic compounds.

The effect of 20 electron-affinic compounds including nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, nitrobenzenes, and quinones on the radiation-induced reaction of thymine in aqueous solution was studied under deaerated and N2O-saturated conditions. The radiolysis of thymine in aerated aqueous solution was also performed for comparison. Thymine decomposition was depressed to some extent by the addition of electron-affinic compounds in both deaerated and N2O-saturated solutions, while promoted in aerated solution. The radiolyses with varying concentration of misonidazole indicated that the depression of thymine decomposition can be attributed to a competition between thymine and electron-affinic compounds for the reactions with .OH. Among the radiolysis products, the formation of thymine glycol was remarkably promoted by the addition of electron-affinic compounds. Irrespective of structures of the electron-affinic compounds, the G-value of thymine glycol increased in sigmoidal form with increasing one-electron reduction potential of the electron-affinic compounds and attained the ultimate values of ca. 1.1 and 1.8 in deaerated and N2O-saturated solutions, respectively. The results are in accord with one-electron oxidation of the hydroxythymyl radical, produced by the reaction of thymine with .OH, to the corresponding cation by electron-affinic compounds. The so-formed hydroxythymine cation undergoes solvolytic substitution to give thymine glycol. Based on the ultimate G-values of thymine glycol, the difference in reactivity between hydroxythymine-5-yl and 6-yl radicals toward electron-affinic compounds is discussed.

Air↗
PubMed1983

[Steroid metabolism in fetal membrane].

UNLABELLED: In vitro tissue culture and incubation studies were undertaken to study the enzymatic activities for steroidogenesis in human fetal membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human fetal membrane obtained at term was separated to reflected amnion(RA), placental amnion(PA), chorion laeve(C) and decidua(D). I) Except for D, 5 x 5cm2 of the tissue were cultured in MEM medium with 10% FCS for 8 days. At steroid tracers, 14C-dehydroepiandrosterone(DHA), or 14C-DHA-sulfate(DHA-S) was added and half of the medium was changed every 2 days. II) 800 x g Cell free homogenate was incubated with radioactive DHA-S, pregnenolone-S(P-S) and estrone-S(E-S). Radioactive metabolites in the medium were extracted and identified. RESULTS: Sulfatase activity was found not only in D and C but also in RA and PA. The accumulated products of DHA-S to DHA increased as the number of cultured days increased. Sulfokinase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities for DHA was also found when PA was cultured. From the results of the kinetic studies on incubation, E-S showed the highest affinity for sulfatase in all tissue. Kinetic studies for sulfatase activity in RA demonstrated that Km values for E-S and DHA-S were 33 and 66 microM, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to demonstrate the activity of sulfokinase in RA and that of sulfatase in amnion membrane. These results provide further information on the function of fetal membrane which seems to play an important role in the transport and metabolism of steroids in the feto-placental compartment during pregnancy.

Amnion↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical application of latamoxef during the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluations of latamoxef (LMOX) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. LMOX was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak blood levels. Placental transference to the fetus was favorable. After intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion of 1.0--2.0 g of LMOX, drug concentration of the cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the main pathogenic organisms. By administration of the dose of 1.0--2.0 g twice a day, it is possible to successfully prevent or treat uterine infections. LMOX was effective in the prophylaxis or therapy of perinatal infections. Moreover, newborn infants delivered from mothers receiving LMOX treatment having drug concentrations exceeded MICs of main pathogenic organisms however not remained more than 12 hours after birth, and did not exhibit any laboratory test abnormalities. The above results demonstrated that LMOX is a clinically useful antibiotic for the prophylaxis and treatment of perinatal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Radiation-induced conversion of 5,6-dihydropyrimidines to the corresponding pyrimidines in N2O-saturated aqueous solutions.

The effect of transition metal salts on the radiation-induced conversion of 5,6-dihydropyrimidines to the corresponding parent pyrimidines was studied in N2O-saturated aqueous solution at pH 7.0. The yield of the pyrimidines increased in sigmoidal forms with the increased one-electron reduction potential of the transition metal salts. The radiolysis of 5,6-dihydroorotic acid suggested that the 6-yl radical of the acid undergoes oxidation by transition metal salts to give orotic acid, whereas the corresponding 5-yl radical readily liberates CO2 to give uracil radical anion.

Gamma Rays↗
PubMed1982

Radiation-induced reactions of thymine, thymidine and thymidine-5'-monophosphate in aqueous solutions.

Radiochemical reactivities of thymine (T), thymidine (Td), thymidine-3' and 5'-monophosphates (3'-, 5'-TMP) and thymidylyl (3' leads to 5') thymidine (TpT) varied in the following order: [A] T (G-value for decomposition, 1.81) less than Td (2.14) less than 3'-TMP = TpT (2.51) less than 5'-TMP (2.76) in deaerated aqueous solution; [B] TpT (2.82) less than T (3.17) congruent to Td (3.18) less than 3'-TMP (3.49) less than 5'-TMP (3.65) in N2O-saturated aqueous solution; [C] T (2.70) congruent to TpT (2.73) less than Td (2.81) less than 3'-TMP = 5'-TMP (3.47) in deaerated aqueous solution containing sodium formate.

Aerobiosis↗