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Biomedical subjects

S Nishima

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 11.

Among a group of hospitalized children in Fukuoka, southern Japan, an epidemic of pharyngoconjunctival fever-like disease caused by adenovirus type 11 was observed in the autumn of 1988. Of the 47 children studied 38 were seronegative in neutralizing antibody for adenovirus type 11 before the epidemic, and seroconversion occurred in 16 (42%) including 5 subclinical cases. Of the 11 symptomatic patients the incidences of conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and fever were 91, 64 and 46%, respectively. Four patients (36%) had all three symptoms. Fifteen patients (94%) were boys. The sex predominance and high incidence of conjunctivitis suggested that infection may have been transmitted in the large bathroom where boys took baths together.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1992

Pretreatment with aerosolized capsaicin potentiates histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether endogenous neuropeptides released from sensory nerves can potentiate airway responsiveness to histamine. Total pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured to assess the bronchial responsiveness to increasing doses of histamine (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously in 29 anesthetized and artificially ventilated guinea pigs. Pretreatment with aerosolized capsaicin (3 micrograms/ml for 15 to 60 s) 30 min before obtaining the dose-response to histamine significantly potentiated percent increase in RL caused by each dose of intravenously administered histamine. Pretreatment with substance P (0.5 ml/kg of 10(-5) M) administered intravenously also potentiated the airway responsiveness to histamine. As assessed by the amount of extravasation of Monastral blue pigments, both capsaicin aerosol and substance P injected intravenously induced increased vascular permeability in the tracheal mucosa. These findings suggest that endogenous neuropeptides, especially tachykinin such as substance P, can induce airway hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli and play a possible role in producing airway hyperresponsiveness in bronchial asthma.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1992

[Prognosis of intractable asthma].

Forty-nine intractable asthma patients from January 1981 were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of patients still alive after ten years (January 1991) who were receiving decreased doses of steroids or no steroids at all. Group II patients were also alive, but the doses of steroids they were receiving were unchanged. Group III consisted of patients who had died during the ten years. Of the 49 patients, nine were in Group I, 13 in Group II and 17 in Group III. The condition of the other 10 patients was unknown. The mortality rate of the known 39 patients over 10 years was 43.6%, a very high rate. The groups of living patients (I + II) were younger than the patients in the dead group (III) and the latter patients had more obstructive ventilatory dysfunction in the stable state (FEV1.0/FVC%, and %FEV1.0 were 56.1% and 52.8%) in 1980. In the therapy carried out over the 10 years, antiallergic drugs and inhaled steroids were administered in order to decrease oral steroids in both Group I, II and III. In Group I, however, more patients had received immunotherapy (hyposensitization) or gold therapy than in Group II and III. There were more complications due to steroids during the ten years in Group II and III than in Group I. Aging and obstructive ventilatory dysfunction may be factors which worsen the prognosis of intractable asthma, and decreasing of the doses of oral steroids may be important to prevent complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevention of asthma by ketotifen in infants with atopic dermatitis.

To evaluate the prophylactic effect of ketotifen against the onset of asthma we selected 121 infants with atopic dermatitis, without any history suggestive of asthma (cough and/or wheezing). Sixty-one children received ketotifen twice daily. Those who weighed less than 14 kg received 0.8 mg; 14 kg or more, 1.2 mg. Sixty children, a placebo syrup indistinguishable from the active syrup. Both groups were followed for 1 year, with bimonthly evaluations. The criteria for onset of asthma were two different episodes of wheezing treated with bronchodilator drugs. Both groups were comparable regarding age, sex, weight, onset, and duration of atopic dermatitis and age at the onset of asthma. During the 1 year study, asthma was observed in eight children of the ketotifen group (13.1%) and in 25 children of the placebo group (41.6%) (P less than .001). Side effects were negligible and routine laboratory tests disclosed no significant alterations. Ketotifen is a very useful drug for prevention of asthma in children with atopic dermatitis and total IgE more than 50 IU/mL.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of physical training on children with bronchial asthma].

Twelve children with exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) participated in our physical training program to determine whether it improves physical working capacity and EIB. The effect of physical training on the bronchial reactivity to inhaled 3.6% NaCl was also investigated. The training was performed by bicycle ergometer for four weeks every day at 125% of WBPLA1 (work load at first breaking point of lactic acid). The results obtained were as follows. 1. Heart rate decreased from 188.5 +/- 9.6 bpm before to 178.4 +/- 9.7 bpm after training at 150% of WBPLA1 (p less than 0.05). After training at 175% of WBPLA1 it decreased also from 174.0 +/- 11.9 bpm to 165.6 +/- 11.3 bpm. Maximum oxygen consumption increased from 34.5 +/- 3.5 ml/min/kg to 41.4 +/- 4.0 ml/min/kg after training (p less than 0.001). 2. Max. % fall in FEV1.0 decreased from 27.1 +/- 24.0% before to 18.0 +/- 17.1% after training at 150% of WBPLA1 (p less than 0.05). After training at 175% of WBPLA1 it decreased also from 37.4 +/- 17.4% to 30.0 +/- 22.1%. 3. The mean dose of inhaled 3.6% NaCl inducing 20% fall in FEV1.0 (PD20) was 4.2 +/- 5.9 ml before training. The PD20 was significantly higher after training (8.6 +/- 4.0 ml). There was no significant change in PD20 in the control group. Based on these results, it was concluded that physical training increased physical working capacity and improved EIB and bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled 3.6% NaCl in asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A double blind study of the effectiveness of ketotifen in preventing the development of asthma in atopic dermatitis patients].

Many asthmatic children have experienced atopic dermatitis in their younger days. As it is very difficult to cure childhood asthma we attempted to determine the anti-allergic drug effects in preventing the development of asthma by using ketotifen on atopic dermatitis patients. The study was designed as a placebo controlled double blind trial of 128 atopic dermatitis patients aged from 2-34 months. 91 patients were given complete analysis in the study, 33 patients were given only a safety rate and 4 patients were dropped. The 91 patients were followed for 52 weeks. Our primary finding was that the development of bronchial asthma was inhibited in the ketotifen group compared to the placebo controlled group with a statistically significant degree (p less than 0.001). We also found that clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis were significantly improved in the ketotifen group (p less than 0.001). Only 5 patients complained of mild side effects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Treatment and complications of childhood asthma in Japan.

Recently the prevalence of asthma and emergency hospital admissions are increasing, but most childhood asthma can be controlled with appropriate therapy. Children can maintain their normal life cycle by out-patient treatment. There are two main complications of childhood asthma. One is the result of pathophysiological features and the other related to therapy. Status asthmaticus is the most serious complication and may be fatal.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

Air leak syndrome (ALS) as complication of asthma.

Twenty-eight patients suffered 32 episodes of ALS (air leak syndrome) between 1974 and 1985 at the Department of Pediatrics of the National Minami-Fukuoka Chest Hospital. The highest incidence was observed between ten and twelve years of age and in the autumn. Their chief complaints were chest pain, sore throat and some pains in other parts. Pneumomediastinum associated with subcutaneous emphysema was observed in 50%; this was the most common type of ALS. Chest X-ray findings showed free air in the left mediastinum in 20 of 22 patients with pneumomediastinum. Free air in the left mediastinum is considered to be a diagnostic finding for ALS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases in children].

We investigated the prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases in children by questionnaires to the pediatric departments of 4 universities and 14 national or public hospitals in Fukuoka Prefecture. The total number of patients was 155, consisting of 77 males and 78 females. These diseases included bronchiectasis, which had the highest incidence (37, 23.9%), prolonged respiratory disorders in the newborn, pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary cysts and pulmonary fibrosis, etc. These 5 diseases comprised 65.8% of all cases. The number of cases on oxygen therapy was 9 (5.8%) and 5 of these 9 cases were on home oxygen therapy. A total of 18 cases (11.6%) were surgically treated. Of 155 cases, 91 cases were cured or improved, while 31 cases were unchanged, 6 cases deteriorated and 6 cases died. The prognosis of 21 cases was unknown. The number of cases whose daily activities were limited was 25 (16.1%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary and pleural involvements at initial diagnosis in children with malignant neoplasm.

Seventeen cases of pediatric malignant neoplasm with pulmonary and/or pleural lesions shown by chest radiography at initial diagnosis were reviewed and analyzed. Respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, tachypnea, and chest pain were observed on admission in approximately one-half of them. The initial chest radiography showed pleural lesions in 7 of the 17, pulmonary lesions in 8, and both pulmonary and pleural lesions in 2. Unilateral or bilateral pleural fluids were observed in all of the seven patients with pleural lesions, and malignant cells were confirmed in the pleural fluid of all patients. The radiographic patterns of the eight patients with pulmonary lesions were solitary nodule in two, multiple nodules in two, diffuse miliary nodules in three, and diffuse honeycomb in one. Histological examination of the pulmonary lesion was performed in six patients at the initial diagnosis or after death, while in the remaining two primary or other metastatic sites were examined. The two patients with both pulmonary and pleural lesions showed multiple nodules or infiltrates with pleural fluid on chest radiography. Increased malignant cells were detected in the pleural fluid of both patients. In all cases, the lesions gradually or rapidly disappeared with multidrug chemotherapy. The review confirms the need for a combination of complete radiographic and pathological analysis at the time of initial diagnosis of malignant neoplasm in children to distinguish other causes such as infectious complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthmatic children. Effect of aerosol and oral procaterol hydrochloride.

This double-blind crossover study compared the therapeutic value of bronchodilator procaterol hydrochloride at 5 micrograms per puff by aerosol inhalation using a metered-dose inhaler and at 25 micrograms by oral administration using tablets with respective inert placebos in preventing exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in 10 children with bronchial asthma. The two active dosage formulations produced a significant EIB inhibitory effect compared with the placebos. In a comparison of the two active preparations, the aerosol was more efficacious than the tablet in improving all respiratory parameters examined, and statistical significance was obtained in FEV1, MMEF, PEFR, V50, and V25 5 minutes after exercise. Further, the aerosol was beneficial in all subjects, while the tablet was beneficial in seven of 10.

Administration, Oral↗