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Biomedical subjects

S Nishijima

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishijima.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Pyodermia chronica glutealis complicated by acromegalic gigantism.

We report a case of pyodermia chronica glutealis complicated by acromegalic gigantism associated with hyperprolactinemia. The serum prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and 11-deoxycortisol levels were elevated, but the estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate levels were within normal limits. However, the testosterone level was very low. Histopathologically, we found sinus tracts and scarring in a specimen from the buttocks. We could not immunohistochemically detect clear androgen, growth hormone, or prolactin receptors at any site. The patient was a man with a height of 197 cm and weight of 140 kg, he had clinical features of active acromegaly such as excessive sweating and increased thickness of soft tissue. He was also diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Under such conditions, bacteria could easily grow and lesions might have been aggravated by the heavy pressure from his weight, a possible causes of his pyodermia chronica glutealis.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1996

A regulatory mechanism for the balanced synthesis of membrane phospholipid species in Escherichia coli.

The mechanism that assures the balanced synthesis of zwitterionic (phosphatidylethanolamine) and acidic phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin) in Escherichia coli has been examined by genetically manipulating the two enzymes at the biosynthetic branch point, i.e., phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, encoded by pgsA, and phosphatidylserine synthase, encoded by pssA. A mutant in which the most part of the pssA gene was replaced with a drug resistance gene lacked phosphatidylserine synthase and phosphatidylethanolamine and required divalent metal ions for growth, as did a previously reported insertion-inactivated pssA mutant. When this mutant harbored a plasmid containing a Bacillus subtilis gene that encodes membrane-bound phosphatidylserine synthase, the phosphatidylethanolamine content was dependent on its activity, in contrast to that with the soluble E. coli counterpart. A defective mutation, pgsA3, caused reductions not only in acidic-phospholipid synthesis but also in phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis, despite the normal level of phosphatidylserine synthase activity. These results, together with previous observations, indicate that phosphatidylserine synthesis requires the membrane-associated form of phosphatidylserine synthase, which is related to the membrane-levels of acidic phospholipids, thus yielding balanced compositions of zwitterionic and acidic phospholipids.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1995

Activity of eight fluoroquinolones against both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infections.

The in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to eight fluoroquinolones, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, and nadifloxacin was established by agar dilution tests, 71 isolates of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and 74 isolates of -resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated from skin infections. Among all of the fluoroquinolones, nadifloxacin exhibited the lowest MIC for both MSSA and MRSA. In addition, there were no resistant S. aureus, neither MSSA and MRSA, to nadifloxacin. With the exception of nadifloxacin, the incidence of MRSA resistant to fluoroquinolones has gradually increased in recent years. Over half of the MRSA strains were resistant to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and lomefloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1995

Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nostril anteriors and subungual spaces of the hand: comparative study of medical staff, patients, and normal controls.

An epidemiologic investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization was conducted at Kansai Medical University Hospital between 1990 and 1991. The incidence of nasal and subungual positivity for S. aureus was examined in a total of 156 subjects including inpatients, physicians, and nurses at a ward for dermatology, plastic surgery, and emergency patients, outpatients with atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases, and normal controls. Inpatients were most heavily colonized with MRSA (40.8%), but S. aureus colonization was most frequent in outpatients with atopic dermatitis (95.5%). Not only nostrils, which have been much discussed as a reservoir of S. aureus, but also subungual spaces seemed to be havens of S. aureus. Twelve out of 22 atopic dermatitis patients were positive for S. aureus on skin regions, and coagulase and phage testing showed a correlation between the nasal and skin-colonizing S. aureus. Coagulase type II and phase type NT (not typable) were the predominant types of S. aureus, including MRSA.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1994

The antibiotic susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from acne.

We studied the susceptibility of antimicrobial agents to Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) isolated from acne patients. We measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the following five drugs: roxithromycin (RXM), erythromycin (EM), clindamycin (CLDM), minocycline (MINO) and ofloxacin (OFLX), which are frequently used to treat acne and skin infections. We found many resistant strains of S. epidermidis and some resistant strains of P. acnes. There was a correlation between the resistance of S. epidermidis and the former therapy for acne, but no distinct correlation between the resistance of P. acnes and the former therapy for acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from skin infections in 1992 to antimicrobial agents.

We studied the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) isolated from skin infections in 1992. For S. aureus, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the following 10 drugs: methicillin (DMPPC), cefaclor (CCL), gentamicin (GM), erythromycin (EM), clindamycin (CLDM), minocycline (MINO), vancomycin (VAN), fusidic acid (FA), ofloxacin (OFLX) and nadifloxacin (NDFX); for S. pyogenes, we determined the MICs of the following 9 drugs: ampicillin (ABPC), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR), erythromycin (EM), clindamycin (CLDM), minocycline (MINO), norfloxacin (NFLX), of loxacin (OFLX) and nadifloxacin (NDFX). These drugs are frequently used to treat skin infections, either systemically or topically. NDFX is a new synthetic fluoroquinolone, recently developed for use as a topical acne medication in Japan. It is used NDFX for acne, but not for skin infections. There were no strains of S. aureus resistant to NDFX, VAN or FA. The resistance (> or = 12.5 micrograms/ml) of S. aureus was highest to GM and lowest to OFLX. Four strains of methicillin-resistant (> or = 12.5 micrograms/ml) S. aureus (MRSA) were found. In contrast, no resistant strains of S. pyogenes were found except to MINO. Only two strains of S. pyogenes were susceptible to MINO. The sensitivity of S. pyogenes to ABPC, AMPC, CPDX-PR, EM and CLDM was very good. All the strains were susceptible at a MIC below > or = 0.05 microgram/ml. However, the S. pyogenes strains were not very sensitive to the new quinolones, especially NFLX. We concluded that penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides are still effective against streptococcal infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Study of the efficacy of antiseptic handrub lotions with hand washing machines.

The effectiveness of quick handwashing in regards to four alcohol-based handrub lotions, including two products already on the market and our original lotions 1, 2, with two different kinds of hand washing machines was studied in vivo. We also tried to evaluate the efficacy of the four lotions in vitro. The in vivo testing of each lotion, including ethanol, was evaluated using two hand washing methods, first with and then without a previous soap wash. Computerized image analysis was used to calculate the bacterial count on the hand surface. The results showed that a 3 second application of the original lotion 2 (0.5% chlorhexidine in a 77% ethyl alcohol solution) preceded by a soap wash eradicated 89.3% of the bacteria on the hands; this was the highest reduction rate of all four detergents. AROKULIN-E (67.9% ethyl alcohol solution) without a prior handwashing produced the lowest reduction, 49.1% against hand surface bacteria. These results were compatible with those in vitro. It seems that an alcohol-based solution containing an effective antimicrobial detergent preceded by a soap wash is necessary to acceptably reduce hand surface bacteria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1994

An evaluation of the residual activity of antiseptic handrub lotions: an 'in use' setting study.

An evaluation of the residual activity of quick-drying agents (alcoholic solutions) used for hygienic hand disinfection is described. We looked for residual efficacy following hand disinfection with soap and water alone or followed by one of two alcoholic handrub lotions supplied from an automatic hand washing machine. The bacterial counts on the hands obtained before and within 2 successive hours after disinfection showed that alcoholic chlorhexidine was the most effective for 10 minutes after contamination of the hands. WELPAS (alcoholic chlorbenzarconium) followed this in its immediate effect and was better than soap and water alone. There were no significant differences after 30' or 120' between the three disinfecting methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Two cases of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis treated by acemetacin.

The report deals with two cases of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in a 45-year-old man and a 25-year-old woman. After their conditions failed to respond to oral and topical corticosteroids, minocycline, anti-allergic drugs, aspirin and several types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, good results were obtained with acemetacin.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Incurable bacterial skin infection].

The most dominant species isolated from bacterial skin infection is always Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The frequency of isolation of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has recently been increasing in skin infections. MRSA is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics, therefore, MRSA infections is incurable, in many cases. MRSA are isolated most often from infectious decubitus or leg ulcers, in compromised hosts. S. aureus is etiologically related to atopic dermatitis. Simultaneously with S. aureus, there is a increasing frequency of isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) in atopic dermatitis. S. pyogenes infections are much more severe because patients infected with S. pyogenes have fever and/or concurrent kidney disorders. In these skin disorders, there is severe skin damage or defect, so that, it may be very difficult to eradicate MRSA in decubitus, ulcers and S. pyogenes in atopic dermatitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

An evaluation, using computerized image analysis, of antimicrobial efficacy of an automatic hand washing machine with ultrasonic wave spraying.

We studied the antimicrobial efficacy of hand washing with a quick-dry hand washing machine [TE-KIREIKI] employing ultrasonic wave spraying and its incidental alcohol-based product [AROKULIN-E]. The subjects of this study were 10 males who had been instructed not to use any antimicrobial agent for the previous 2 weeks or any hand soap for the previous 5 hours. They pressed their palms on agar before and after washing their hands. After 48-hour incubation at 37 degrees C, the bacterial colonies grown on the agar were counted using the [ASPECT] image processing system. The colony count was expressed as the post-stamp versus pre-stamp percent (%) reduction. Two patterns of hand washing were examined in this study: [A] a 3-second hand wash using an alcohol-based product [AROKULIN-E] and [B] a 30-second hand wash using a nonmedicated detergent soap with running water in addition to hand washing by [A]. The percent (%) reduction after hand washing patterns [A] and [B] were 49.1% and 51.3%. These reduction rates indicated that these patterns did not eradicate bacteria from the hand surface. Therefore, we concluded that this quick-dry hand washing machine employing an ultrasonic wave spraying method combined with an alcohol-based product needs improvement.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

A study of the efficacy of antimicrobial detergents for hand washing: using the full-hand touch plates method.

We studied the effects of four kinds of antimicrobial detergents, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), chlorbenzarconium (CBC), 10% povidone-iodine (PVI), 0.3% triclosan (TRI), and one non-medicated detergent (NMD) using the full-hand touch plates method. Before and after 3 minutes of hand scrubbing with a brush, bacterial colonies on the hand surface and subungual bacteria were counted. CHG, CBC, and PVI were excellent antimicrobial detergents against hand surface bacteria, but most of the subungual bacteria remained. The subungual space was the most difficult region from which to eradicate bacteria. TRI was much less effective than hand soap against hand surface bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The incidence of isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from skin infections during the past three years (1989-1991).

We did a statistical study of 294 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from skin infections during the period from January of 1989 to December of 1991 in the Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University Hospital. We especially examined methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from the point of view of incidence, variety of skin infections with MRSA, coagulase type, phase type, and resistance against antimicrobial agents. The frequency of isolation of MRSA has been increasing. In 1991, the proportion of MRSA isolates among all S. aureus strains isolated from skin infections was 41.5%. MRSA was isolated most often from infectious decubitus. Coagulase type II and phage group NT (not typable) MRSA were most frequently isolated. The resistance of MRSA to OFLX and IMP/CS had remarkably increased. Notably, the resistance to MINO was low before 1991.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A study on the integration of fetal behavior and the development of association between parameters evaluated].

To evaluate the development of the fetal behavioral state with reference to the association of the fetal parameters we selected, we simultaneously monitored fetal heart rate (FHR), fetal movement (FM), fetal eye movement (FEM) and fetal breathing movement (FBM). These various parameters were monitored with 2 ultrasonographic real time scanners and a doppler device to monitor fetal movement. We assessed the convergence and integration of these four parameters to evaluate the association rate (AR). FHR with a variation in excess of 3 min. was interpreted as the active phase (A), and reduced variation in excess of 3 min. as the inactive phase (I). When FM and FEM were observed in the 1 min. window of A, we labeled this A3, and when FBM was present in more than 10% of the 1 min. window, we labeled it A4. A3/A = AR-A3% and A4/A = AR-A4% was calculated. A similar calculation was done for I, without FM and FEM in the 1 min. window of I (I3) and when FBM was present less than 10% of 1 min. (I4), allow derivation AR-I3% and AR-I4%. A discrete separation of synchrony in A and asynchrony in I can be seen to develop as the fetus matures, and we feel that this may be a valuable tool in the evaluation of fetal central nervous system development in utero.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1992

An epidemiological study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from medical staff, inpatients, and hospital environment in one ward at our hospital.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causative microorganisms for nosocomial infections. Recently, the incidence of isolation of MRSA has been increasing every year in Japan and is, notably, much more frequently found in inpatients than in outpatients. Therefore, we have done epidemiological studies of MRSA isolated from medical staff, inpatients, and the hospital environment in one ward of our hospital. Thereafter, we examined the antibiotic susceptibility (ABPC, DMPPC, CET, CMZ, IPM, GM, MINO, OFLX, EM, CLDM, VCM), phage typing, and coagulase typing of these MRSA. MRSA were isolated more frequently from anterior nares of inpatients than from doctors and nurses. MRSA were isolated more frequently from the environment near carriers of MRSA. Coagulase type II and phage type N.T. (not typable) were the dominant types of MRSA in our hospital (69% and 61%). MRSA strains were resistant to most antibiotics with a few exceptions (VCM, IPM, CMZ, CET). The high isolation frequency of MRSA in our hospital seems to suggest that inpatients who are carrying MRSA spread MRSA throughout the hospital environment and that the anterior nares of inpatients are the major MRSA harbor.

Air Microbiology↗