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Biomedical subjects

S Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishida.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Role of coronary spasm in different anginal syndromes.

Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome caused by transient myocardial ischaemia due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply. It is now evident that coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various forms of angina pectoris. Angina pectoris that is mainly caused by coronary artery spasm (coronary spastic angina) has one or more of the following characteristics: 1) the attack occurs at rest, 2) the attack is associated with ST-segment elevation in the ECG, 3) the attack has a variable exercise threshold, and 4) the attack is suppressed by Ca-antagonists but not by beta-adrenergic blocking agents. On the other hand, angina pectoris that is caused by increased myocardial oxygen demand in the presence of severe and extensive organic stenosis (organic angina) has the following characteristics: 1) the attack is induced by constant amount of exertion irrespective of hour and day and is relieved by rest, 2) the attack is associated with ST-segment depression in the ECG, and 3) the attack is suppressed by beta-adrenergic blocking agents, which decrease myocardial oxygen demand.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1985

Germinability and heat resistance of spores of Clostridium difficile strains.

Out of 111 Clostridium difficile strains, 108 produced spores in numbers of more than 10(5)/ml and the remaining three did not produce any spores in brain heart infusion medium. The germination frequency in the medium without lysozyme varied widely from strain to strain, ranging from less than 10(-8) to 10(0), and in 77 of the 108 strains the germination frequency was 10(-5) or less. The spores, when treated with sodium thioglycollate and then inoculated into the medium containing lysozyme, germinated in all of the 108 strains at a frequency of 10(-0.5) or more. The spores of two strains germinated at a frequency of more than 10(-0.5) in all methods. Spores of C. difficile strains were fairly highly heat-resistant; D100C values ranged from 2.5 to 33.5 min.

Clostridium↗
PubMed1985

[Acute idiopathic myocarditis having myocardial inflammatory swelling demonstrated by echocardiography: a case report].

A case of acute idiopathic myopericarditis with transient severe swelling and akinesis of the interventricular septum on echocardiograms was reported. A 35-year-old man was admitted to our CCU because of cardiogenic shock five days after the onset of "common cold". Electrocardiograms revealed low voltage and ST-segment elevation in all leads except for a VR and a VL. Serum CPK, GOT and LDH were slightly elevated. Echocardiograms showed severe asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH, 20 mm), akinesis of the interventricular septum and moderate pericardial effusion. With improvement of the clinical course and of the hemodynamic data, the thickness and wall motion of the interventricular septum became normal. Serum antiviral antibodies were not elevated throughout the course. Transvenous percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed degeneration and fragmentation of the myofibrils with interstitial cellular infiltration and edema in the subacute phase (8th hospital day), but showed only focal fibrosis in the chronic phase. Coronary arteriograms and left ventriculograms in the chronic phase (50th hospital day) were normal. From these findings we can conclude that the severe transient ASH is due to myocardial inflammatory swelling.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical studies on doxycycline in male nongonococcal urethritis].

Doxycycline (DOXY) was administered to 45 male patients with nongonococcal urethritis. The dose was 200 mg b.i.d. and the duration of administration was 14 consecutive days in principle. The results were as follows: C. trachomatis was detected from urethral swab by culture confirmation test and/or direct specimen test. Of 45 patients with nongonococcal urethritis, 25 were positive with C. trachomatis. The positive rate was 56%. In the C. trachomatis positive group, the clinical efficacy was excellent in 15 patients, and fair in 4 out of 19 patients which could be studied about the clinical effect after administration. The total efficacy rate was 79%. The efficacy in 11 patients of the C. trachomatis negative group was excellent in 7 patients and fair in 4, the total efficacy rate being 64%. Microbiologically, inclusion bodies disappeared in 7 days of administration in all 9 patients which were positive with C. trachomatis by culture confirmation test. In 19 patients which were positive by direct specimen test, elementary bodies of C. trachomatis disappeared within 7 days in 13 patients (76%) and within 14 days in all patients. As to side effect, mild epigastralgia was observed in 1 patient, but medication could be continued when the dose of DOXY was reduced by half. Clinical laboratory tests were investigated in 15 patients before and after administration and no abnormal alteration was observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Variant angina induced by alcohol ingestion.

We gave alcohol to 15 patients with variant angina to induce the attacks at the hospital. Anginal attacks were repeatedly induced in seven of them. Although the time lag between alcohol ingestion and the attacks varied widely among patients, from 1.5 to 12 hours, it was fairly constant in each patient. We carefully examined the histories of 101 patients with variant angina to become familiar with the relationship between alcohol ingestion and the attacks of angina. Seventy-one patients took alcohol in their daily lives. Nineteen of the 71 patients (26.8%) who took alcohol had a definite relationship between alcohol ingestion and the attacks. We conclude that alcohol induces anginal attacks or coronary artery spasm in not a small number of patients with variant angina.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Survival from acute renal failure after severe burns.

We describe a patient with 50 per cent, third degree flame burns who had a history of paint thinner inhalation for over 10 years. Moreover, chlorpromazine had been administered for the treatment of insomnia caused by chronic thinner intoxication. He developed oliguric acute renal failure soon after the burn injury, although adequate resuscitation therapy was given, and survived following frequent haemodialysis. Although survival from acute renal failure after severe burns is rare, once the diagnosis of acute renal failure has been made, haemodialysis should be instituted as early as possible. Furthermore, in a severely burnt patient with episodes of chronic and acute intoxication from organic chemicals or drugs which may have caused renal damage, acute renal failure may occur, so that careful observation is advised.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Uridine as an active component of sleep-promoting substance: its effects on nocturnal sleep in rats.

A 10-h intraventricular infusion of 10 pmol of uridine from 19.00 to 05.00 h resulted in significant increases in sleep in otherwise saline-infused male rats (n = 8) during the environmental dark period (20.00-08.00 h). Increments of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) were 21.0% and 68.1%, respectively, of the baseline value. This was due to increases in the frequencies of both SWS and PS episodes but not to their durations. Similar increases occurred the first recovery night under saline infusion, but sleep amounts returned to the baseline levels the second night. Brain temperature was not affected by uridine administration. A small dose of uridine (1 pmol/10 h) exerted no effect (n = 6) while larger doses (100 and 1000 pmol/10 h, each n = 5) resulted in slight but insignificant increases in SWS and PS. The 1000-pmol uridine administration seemed to be non-physiological since it brought about irregularities in locomotor activity and sleep-waking rhythms. Thus, authentic uridine exhibited the same sleep-enhancing effects as a naturally occurring active component of sleep-promoting substance, which was recently identified with uridine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in mammalian thyroid glands: contents and partial characterization.

Somatostatin (SRIF)-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the thyroid glands of human and several animal species were compared, and the SLI peptides were characterized chromatographically and immunologically. All specimens were extracted with 2 M acetic acid, and the SLI content determined by RIA. The SLI concentrations in guinea pigs [34.3 +/- (SE) 4.8 ng/mg protein] and rabbits (9.4 +/- 0.8 ng/mg protein) were much greater than those in other mammals: dogs, rats, mice, and humans. On gel filtration of extracts of the guinea pig, rabbit and dog thyroids, the major peak of SLI (1.6 K SLI) coeluted with synthetic SRIF-14 (S-14). Two other forms of SLI ("big" SLI and 3 K SLI) were also detected, although their relative proportions to total SLI were small (2.3 to 8.2%). The 3 K SLI and 1.6 K SLI from guinea pig and rabbit thyroids contained peptides coeluting with synthetic SRIF-28 (S-28) and S-14, respectively, on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The dilution curves of the two molecular forms of SLI, i.e. 3 K SLI and 1.6 K SLI, were parallel to the displacement curves of S-28 and S-14 in the SRIF RIA. It is concluded 1) that the thyroid contents of SLI varied greatly from species to species, with the highest content being found in guinea pig thyroids; 2) that in guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs, the predominant form of thyroid SLI is 1.6 K SLI; and 3) that the 3 K SLI and 1.6 K SLI peptides from guinea pig and rabbit thyroids are immunologically and chromatographically indistinguishable from S-28 and S-14, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of reperfusion of infarct-related coronary artery on serum creatine phosphokinase and left ventricular function.

In 31 patients with transmural myocardial infarction in whom coronary arteriography was performed within 8 hours after the onset of symptoms, we examined (1) the effect of restoration of coronary blood flow on serum CPK time-activity curve and (2) the relationship between cumulative CPKr and the left ventricular function in the chronic phase. We divided 31 patients into 2 groups: Group A consists of 19 patients in whom coronary reperfusion was established. Group B consists of 12 patients whose coronary artery remained occluded. In group A, the time required to reach peak serum CPK activity was significantly shorter than in group B. When comparing CPKr with percent abnormally contracting segment (%ACS) in 2 groups, correlation between CPKr and %ACS was not good, but it revealed linear relation in both group A and B. CPKr divided by %ACS (CPKr/%ACS) was significantly higher in group A than in group B. We conclude that reperfusion of infarct-related coronary artery changes serum CPK time-activity curve resulting in earlier appearance of peak serum CPK and that infarct size cannot be estimated by serum CPK level alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

ACTH-mediated effect of metoclopramide on plasma pregnenolone in man.

Five healthy adult men were given metoclopramide (10 mg and 20 mg) iv and the effects of L-dopa and dexamethasone on metoclopramide-induced increases in the plasma pregnenolone concentration were determined. After an injection of 10 mg metoclopramide, the pregnenolone level rose slightly, though not significantly vs a control. After injecting 20 mg metoclopramide, the pregnenolone level rose significantly vs both the control and the basal level. The pregnenolone increase was not inhibited by L-dopa pretreatment, whereas pretreatment with dexamethasone did suppress it significantly. The data suggest that metoclopramide increases pregnenolone secretion through an ACTH-dependent effect and that dopamine does not modulate pregnenolone secretion in man. This means that dopaminergic modulation does not affect the early steps (cholesterol to pregnenolone) of steroid biosynthesis in man.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗