Biomedical subjects

S Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishida.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 2. cis-AB alleles.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the coding region in the last two coding exons of ABO genes from two cis-AB individuals (genotype cis-AB/O) with no consanguinity. In this region, cis-AB alleles from these 2 individuals were identical to one another while different from the A1 allele by two nucleotide substitutions. Both of these nucleotide substitutions result in amino acid substitutions. The first substitution is identical to the one previously found in the A2 allele. The other substitution is found at the fourth position of the four amino acid substitutions which discriminate A1 and B transferases.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1993

Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the chicken receptor protein kinase of the TGF-beta receptor family.

We have isolated RPK-2 cDNA from chick embryo cDNA library that encodes a receptor protein kinase of the TGF-beta receptor subfamily. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals the presence of a hydrophobic transmembrane helix and a kinase domain distantly related to type II receptor for TGF-beta. The kinase domain sequence is most similar to RPK-1 identified recently in the chick embryo. Several cysteine residues are contained in the amino-terminal ectodomain, suggesting the protein as a receptor for a peptide growth factor of the TGF-beta family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

[Study on human diseased thyroid cells in collagen gel culture--morphology and their malignancy of cultured colonies].

Thyroid cells from 14 normal subjects, two patients with Grave's disease, four patients with follicular adenoma and eight patients with papillary carcinoma were cultured in collagen gel. The colonies of these cells were stereoscopically observed and their morphological characteristics were studied with regard to relation with pathological findings of mother tumor, extra-capsular invasion and metastatic potential. For normal thyroid, Grave's disease and follicular adenoma (except for one case), their own characteristic branching type colonies were found. For papillary carcinoma, both branching type and spheroid type of colonies were observed. The ratio of branching type/spheroid type varied individually in the patients with papillary carcinoma. However, the spheroid type was found to trend to be predominant in patients with extra-capsular invasion and/or lymph node metastasis. This means that the observation of spheroid type colonies in collagen gel is suggestive of risk of extra-capsular invasion or lymph node metastasis. From the obtained results, it seemed possible to diagnose poorly-differentiated cells in vitro by morphologically observing colonies of human thyroid papillary carcinoma cells developing in collagen gel.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1993

[Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on human diseased thyroid cells].

Surgical materials obtained from 5 normal human thyroids and 19 diseased tissues (4 with Grave's disease, 4 adenomatous goiters, 3 follicular adenomas, 2 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas and 2 undifferentiated carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody. The results of this study suggested the following: (1) Labeling indexes of PCNA positive cell nuclei were shown in high grade malignant cases accompanied by capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis, in undifferentiated carcinoma cells, and in proliferative lesions of benign diseases. These results suggest that PCNA is indicative of proliferative ability in thyroid diseases. (2) On thyroid tumors, EGFR regions with strong positive staining showed many PCNA positive cell nuclei. EGF appears to have a significant association with proliferative ability in thyroid diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Enzyme-histochemical staining of dermal lymphatic capillaries by guanylate cyclase.

Human foreskins were examined for enzyme-histochemical staining of microvessels using guanylate cyclase, an enzyme similar to adenylate cyclase. Like 5'-nucleotidase (which hydrolyzes 5'-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine), and adenylate cyclase (which converts adenosine triphosphate to cyclic AMP), guanylate cyclase selectively stains positive for lymphatic capillaries and therefore may be another useful histochemical marker to differentiate dermal lymph from blood capillaries.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Isolation of HIV-1 and its correlation with various HIV-markers in Japan].

In Japan, the isolation rate of HIV-1 has increased in recent years, and has become as high as 36.7% in 1991. In order to evaluate the onset of AIDS, we have collected various HIV markers, which were obtained from surveillance committee of Natural History. These data include a total of 1991 specimens (actual number 556 individuals) from Japanese hemophiliacs and non-hemophiliacs since 1985. The data analysed CDC stage, leucocyte counts, lymphocyte counts, CD4+ cell counts, CD8+ cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM). The results indicate that in HIV-isolation positive patients, leucocyte counts, lymphocyte counts, CD4+ cell counts, CD8+ cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower than those of HIV-isolation negative patients in both hemophiliacs and non-hemophiliacs. IgA value of the positive patients was significantly higher than that of the negative patients, while the IgM value showed converse results to the IgA, in hemophiliacs only. In general, the difference of each HIV marker in non-hemophiliacs was more conspicuous than those in hemophiliacs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

[Spontaneous rupture of left external iliac vein--a case report].

Spontaneous rupture of iliac vein is rare, and only twelve Caucasian cases have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Japan, and the thirteenth in the world. An 80-year-old female complained of sudden pain in the left flank as she passed stools and then collapsed. At the emergency laparotomy, a large retroperitoneal hematoma was encountered and a tear of 2cm length was found in the left external iliac vein with fresh intravenous thrombus. After a complete thrombectomy, the rent was sutured and her postoperative course was uneventful. The surgeon should consider the possibility of spontaneous vein rupture in the differential diagnosis with the patient presenting hypovolemic shock of unknown cause, which is often accompanied by abdominal tenderness, particularly when the patient is a middle age female, and the lesion is on the left side.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Changes in myocardial metallothionein on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury].

The amounts of myocardial metallothionein (MT) and heavy metal (Zn, Cu) levels during the early stage of the experimental myocardial infarction model induced by isoproterenol (Isp) administration were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometry. MT was measured by the Cd-hem method. Myocardial infarction was induced by the administration of 75 mg/kg i.p. of Isp to rats weighing 270 +/- 10 g. Thirty minutes after Isp injection, Zn and Cu levels began to decrease and 12 h later, reached the minimal values compared with the control value. The level of MT began to increase 3 h after the Isp injection and reached the maximal value at 12 h, although MT remained undetectable in the control myocardial tissue by the Cd-hem method. MT levels in the liver increased and total Zn and Cu were elevated compared with the control value 12 h after Isp administration. These results suggest that MT is produced in the myocardium after Isp administration, and that the roles of MT in the heart and the liver are different. It was thought that a rise in MT was induced for the protection of the myocardial cells to injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Ogilvie's syndrome in pregnancy--a case report].

A 23-year-old female in the 28th week of pregnancy was admitted with an acute abdominal distension. The plain X-ray films showed a marked gaseous dilatation of the colon from the cecum to the splenic flexure. A tube colostomy was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she improved progressively. Her pregnancy and delivery elapsed uneventfully there after. After the delivery she again complained of marked abdominal distension. The colonoscopic decompression in combination with the administration of Cisapride was successfully accomplished. Ogilvie's syndrome is characterized by an unobstructed colon which progresses to marked dilatation. When the colonic diameter becomes 12cm or more, surgical decompression should be recommended to avoid the hazard of spontaneous rupture. This is the first reported case of Ogilvie's syndrome in pregnancy in Japan.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Morphological properties of human thyroid tumor cells in collagen gel culture and metastatic or invasive ability.

Using normal human thyroid cells and tumor cells, the reconstruction of various diseased cells in collagen gel as well as the relationship between the morphology of colonies in collagen-embedded culture and the biological behavior (benignity, malignancy, metastasis, and invasion) of the original tumors were studied. In collagen gel culture, normal thyroid cells reorganized follicle-like constructions, and follicular adenoma cells showed in vivo-like constructions. However, two different types of colonies were observed in cultures of cells from papillary carcinomas. One was the branching type with many outgrowths projecting to three dimensions and the other was the spherical type without any outgrowths. These spherical colonies were observed in all cases of papillary carcinoma, but varied from one case to another. Metastasis and invasion were detected during pathological examination in cases with a high ratio of spherical colonies. Our results indicate that cells from highly metastatic and invasive thyroid cancer form spherical colonies in the collagen gel culture, and that this collagen culture is a useful method for studying the heterogeneity of tumor cells as well as the metastasis and invasive ability of tumor cells in vitro.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1992

The interaction of botrocetin with normal or variant von Willebrand factor (types IIA and IIB) and its inhibition by monoclonal antibodies that block receptor binding.

We have recently shown the existence of two distinct forms of botrocetin (one-chain and two-chain), and demonstrated that the two-chain species is approximately 30 times more active than the one-chain in promoting von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib. The N-terminal sequence of two-chain botrocetin is highly homologous to sea-urchin Echinoidin and other Ca(2+)-dependent lectins (Fujimura et al., Biochemistry 1991; 30: 1957-64). Present data indicate that purified two-chain botrocetin binds to vWF from plasmas of patients with type IIA or IIB von Willebrand disease and its interaction is indistinguishable from that with vWF from normal individuals. However, an "activated complex" formed between botrocetin and IIB vWF expresses an enhanced biological activity for binding to GP Ib whereas the complex with IIA vWF has a decreased binding activity. Among several anti-vWF monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) which inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and/or vWF binding to GP Ib, only two MoAbs (NMC-4 and RFF-VIII RAG:1) abolished direct binding between purified botrocetin and vWF. This suggests that they recognize an epitope(s) on the vWF molecule in close proximity to the botrocetin binding site.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1992

Coagulation factor X activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X). A novel metalloproteinase with disintegrin (platelet aggregation inhibitor)-like and C-type lectin-like domains.

We determined the complete amino acid sequence of RVV-X, the blood coagulation factor X activating enzyme, isolated from Russell's viper venom and studied structure-function relationships. RVV-X (M(r) 79,000) consists of a disulfide-bonded two-chain glycoprotein with a heavy chain of M(r) 59,000 and a light chain of heterogeneous M(r) 18,000 (LC1) and 21,000 (LC2). These chains were separated after reduction and S-pyridylethylation, and the isolated major component LC1 was used for sequence analysis. The heavy chain consists of 427 residues containing four asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, and its entire sequence was similar to that of the high molecular mass hemorrhagic protein, HR1B, isolated from the venom of Trimere-surus flavoviridis. The heavy chain contains three distinct domains, metalloproteinase, disintegrin (platelet aggregation inhibitor)-like and unknown cysteine-rich domains. On the other hand, light chain LC1 consists of 123 amino acid residues containing one asparagine-linked oligosaccharide and shows sequence homology similar to that found in the so-called C-type (Ca(2+)-dependent) lectins. Therefore, RVV-X is a novel metalloproteinase containing a mosaic structure with distintegrin-like, cysteine-rich, and C-type lectin-like domains. RVV-X potently inhibits collagen- and ADP-stimulated platelet aggregations, probably via its distintegrin-like domain, although this domain does not contain the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence which is conserved in various venom distintegrins and which is thought to be one of the interaction sites for platelet integrins. Our findings also indicate that snake venom factor IX/factor X-binding protein with a C-type lectin structure (Atoda, H., Hyuga, M., and Morita, T. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 14903-14911) inhibits RVV-X-catalyzed factor X activation; hence, the light chain of RVV-X probably participates in recognizing some portion of the zymogen factor X.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Intracerebral distribution of albumin after transient cerebral ischemia: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical investigation.

The blood-brain barrier breaks down following cerebral ischemia, but the exact sequence of events for extravasation of serum proteins and their parenchymal distribution remain uncertain. We studied the distribution of serum albumin in the hippocampus of the gerbil brain using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. With light microscopy, there was no reaction for albumin for the first 12 h after unilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 10 min and reperfusion. At 12 h, the reaction was weak and limited to the neuropil in the subiculum-CA1 region (between the subiculum and the medial CA1 region). After 24 h, the reaction became intense in the neuropil and neuronal perikarya in the subiculum-CA1 and medial CA1 regions. The electron microscopic immunocytochemical study of the subiculum-CA1 and medial CA1 regions revealed electron-dense immunoprecipitates in the extracellular space and the peripheral part of the apical dendrites as early as 30 min after reperfusion and in the astrocytic cytoplasm after reperfusion for 1 h. However, immunoprecipitates were not found in the neuronal perikarya until after reperfusion for 24 h. The present study demonstrated prompt appearance of albumin in the extracellular space of the brain parenchyma after re-establishment of cerebral circulation and prompt accumulation in the peripheral part of the dendrites with spreading to neuronal perikarya, likely in the process of degeneration and death.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Relationship among serum levels of luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during follicle stimulation and results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

Eighty-eight IVF-ET cycles were classified into four groups according to the results of IVF-ET (Group A-conceptional cycles, 10 cycles; Group B-cycles with cleaved oocytes, 58 cycles; Group C-cycles with fertilized oocytes, 9 cycles; Group D-cycles without fertilization, 11 cycles). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) levels during follicle stimulation were studied in these groups. Patients participated in our IVF-ET program due to irreparable tubal damage. Follicle development was stimulated with a clomiphene-human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regimen. Group C showed a low E2 response to follicle stimulation. Groups B and D showed significantly higher serum P levels on day 0 (the day of hCG injection) than Group A (Group A, 0.73 +/- 0.11, vs Groups B and D, 1.43 +/- 0.15 and 2.17 +/- 0.42 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). The effects of serum P and LH levels on the fertilization and pregnancy rates were studied. The pregnancy rate was not affected by the serum LH level but was only 2.7% in cycles in which serum P was 1.2 ng/ml on day 0, which was significantly lower than that in cycles in which serum P was less than 1.2 ng/ml on day 0 (19.1%) (P less than 0.05). The fertilization rate was significantly lower in the cycles with higher levels of serum P and/or LH than in cycles in which serum P was less than 1.2 ng/ml and serum LH was normal (50.5 vs 78.8%; P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clomiphene↗

PubMed1992

Automatic EEG interpretation: a new computer-assisted system for the automatic integrative interpretation of awake background EEG.

A new computer-assisted system for automatic interpretation of the awake electroencephalogram (EEG) was developed. First, all the items necessary for EEG interpretation were determined in accordance with the procedure that a qualified electroencephalographer (EEGer) goes through for the visual inspection of the background EEG activity, and then each item was defined quantitatively. For the automatic interpretation, specific EEG parameters were determined for each item so that they could fit the graded judgement of the item by the qualified EEGer as closely as possible. These specific EEG parameters were actually calculated from periodograms obtained from the time series of EEG records of 14 patients with various neurological diseases. The automatic EEG interpretation system thus established was applied to the EEG data of these 14 subjects and to 3 additional EEGs, and the results were compared with those obtained through the visual interpretation by the EEGer. This automatic EEG interpretation was found to be in good agreement with the visual interpretation by the EEGer in most EEG records. In contrast with the previous automatic analyses of EEG which were focussed on certain aspects of EEG such as the dominant rhythm, the present system is unique in its capability of providing an integrative interpretation of the spontaneous awake EEG by taking into account all its features except for paroxysmal abnormalities.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Positive motion after-effect induced by bandpass-filtered random-dot kinematograms.

Using spatially filtered random-dot kinematograms (RDK) with a 1 octave bandwidth, the duration and direction of motion aftereffect (MAE) were measured while varying step displacement, and the results were compared to those for motion direction discrimination. We found that MAE and motion discrimination show quite different dependencies on displacement. At displacements around 0.5 cycles of the lowest frequency, while motion discrimination was still almost perfect, normal MAE vanished and MAE in the same direction as that of the adapting stimuli, which we name "positive MAE", was observed. Similar results were obtained for both 1- and 2-dimensional filtered patterns. A theoretical examination based on the Fourier components of the stimuli showed that the displacement dependency of MAE is predictable in terms of adaptation of first-order detectors, but that of motion discrimination is not. The present results indicate that direction perception and MAE for bandpass RDKs are mediated at least partially by separate mechanisms, and that direction perception at larger displacements is mediated by the second-order mechanism which detects movement of contrast modulation in the image.

Adaptation, Ocular↗

PubMed1992

Inhibitory interaction in a split/fusion apparent motion: lack of spatial-frequency selectivity.

Spatial-frequency selectivity of apparent motion (AM) between isolated Gabor patches was examined under two- and three-patch conditions. In the two-patch condition, the likelihood of seeing AM between two Gabor patches was measured with varying frequency difference between the patches. In the three-patch (split/fusion) condition, the likelihood of AM between target patches of the same frequency was measured as a function of the frequency of the inhibiting patch. AM perception in the two-patch condition deteriorated with increasing frequency difference, showing symmetrical spatial-frequency selectivity. On the other hand, the inhibition of AM in the three-patch condition was frequency asymmetric; when the frequency of the inhibiting patch was higher than that of the target patches, the magnitude of inhibition decreased with increasing the frequency of the inhibiting patch. When the frequency of the inhibiting patch was lower, the magnitude of inhibition remained almost constant regardless of the frequency difference between the inhibiting and target patches.

Contrast Sensitivity↗

PubMed1992

Age-related cataract in the hereditary cataract rat (ICR/1): development and classification.

Lens opacification of the Ihara hereditary cataract rat (ICR/1 rat) was followed up with slit lamp biomicroscopy and photography up to 1 year after birth. The development of lens opacities was first recognized in the anterior superficial cortex of the equatorial region between 30 and 44 days of age. It progressed to maturity around 93-107 days after birth. Cataract development was classified into six stages. The increase of lens weight indicated a continuous lens growth after birth which seemingly even continued after the occurrence of lens opacities. After around 60 days of age, the lens showed a continuous increase of water content, suggesting a participation of increased water content in lens opacification.

Aging↗