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Biomedical subjects

S Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Nilsson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Gynecological symptoms and vaginal wet smear findings in women with cervical human papillomavirus infection.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the signs, symptoms and changes in the vaginal milieu that could be associated with cervical human papillomavirus infection (CHPI). STUDY DESIGN: Women (n = 972) attending for contraceptive advice were tested for human papillomavirus in cervical samples. Results of gynecological history, examination, and vaginal wet smear findings were compared between CHPI patients and negative women. RESULTS: Sixty-six (6.8%) of the women had a CHPI. Bacterial vaginosis was more common among those with, than without, CHPI, but the significance of this association was abolished after adjustment for age and for markers of sexual risk-taking. Vaginal discharge with a fishy odor, a positive amine test, and genital fissures showed significant correlations with CHPI, which persisted after adjustments. Symptoms of proctitis also correlated with CHPI, and remained significant after adjustment for anal sex. CONCLUSION: Bacterial vaginosis is associated with the presence of CHPI, possibly due to sexual behavioral factors. However, several other features, in particular the presence of amines, may be independently associated with CHPI.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta.

The rat estrogen receptor (ER) exists as two subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta, which differ in the C-terminal ligand binding domain and in the N-terminal transactivation domain. In this study we investigated the messenger RNA expression of both ER subtypes in rat tissues by RT-PCR and compared the ligand binding specificity of the ER subtypes. Saturation ligand binding analysis of in vitro synthesized human ER alpha and rat ER beta protein revealed a single binding component for 16 alpha-iodo-17 beta-estradiol with high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.1 nM for ER alpha protein and 0.4 nM for ER beta protein]. Most estrogenic substances or estrogenic antagonists compete with 16 alpha-[125I]iodo-17 beta-estradiol for binding to both ER subtypes in a very similar preference and degree; that is, diethylstilbestrol > hexestrol > dienestrol > 4-OH-tamoxifen > 17 beta-estradiol > coumestrol, ICI-164384 > estrone, 17 alpha-estradiol > nafoxidine, moxestrol > clomifene > estriol, 4-OH-estradiol > tamoxifen, 2-OH-estradiol, 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, genistein for the ER alpha protein and dienestrol > 4-OH-tamoxifen > diethylstilbestrol > hexestrol > coumestrol, ICI-164384 > 17 beta-estradiol > estrone, genistein > estriol > nafoxidine, 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol > 17 alpha-estradiol, clomifene, 2-OH-estradiol > 4-OH-estradiol, tamoxifen, moxestrol for the ER beta protein. The rat tissue distribution and/or the relative level of ER alpha and ER beta expression seems to be quite different, i.e. moderate to high expression in uterus, testis, pituitary, ovary, kidney, epididymis, and adrenal for ER alpha and prostate, ovary, lung, bladder, brain, uterus, and testis for ER beta. The described differences between the ER subtypes in relative ligand binding affinity and tissue distribution could contribute to the selective action of ER agonists and antagonists in different tissues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Effects of vagal stimulation on swimbladder blood flow in the european eel Anguilla anguilla.

The influence of the vagus nerve on swimbladder blood flow in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was characterized by recording the changes in blood flow rate and blood pressure following stimulation of the vagus nerve. After electrical stimulation, blood flow in the swimbladder artery increased from 0.9 ml min-1 to 2.1 ml min-1. Video recordings of small vessels on the caudal side of the rete mirabile revealed an increase in erythrocyte velocity combined with a small vasodilation. This effect could not be blocked by injection of the -adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, the ss-adrenergic antagonist propranolol or the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist atropine. In all preparations with a high initial flow rate (>1.9 ml min-1), vagotomy resulted in a marked decrease in blood flow (by approximately 80 %). This effect was not observed in preparations with a low initial swimbladder blood flow. Stimulation of the vagus nerve produced a decrease, and vagotomy produced an increase, in perfusion pressure in blood-perfused swimbladder preparations. Histological studies revealed the presence of a ganglion in the vagus nerve located on the anterior part of the resorbing section of the swimbladder close to the origin of the ductus pneumaticus, which is probably associated with swimbladder function. These results suggest that swimbladder blood flow, at least to some extent, is under vagal tonic control. The effects do not, however, appear to involve the classical - and ss-adrenergic or muscarinic cholinoceptor functions.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed1997

The sub-pulmonary conus and the arterial anastomosis as important sites of cardiovascular regulation in the crocodile Crocodylus porosus

We present evidence to support the hypothesis that the arterial anastomosis and the cogteeth-like valves located in the sub-pulmonary conus in the right ventricle are important sites of cardiovascular regulation in the crocodile Crocodylus porosus. The influence of the arterial anastomosis on the development of the 'foramen spike' in the left aortic pressure trace, which occurs at the onset of diastole when the pressures in the right and left aortas become equal, and on gastrointestinal blood flow was examined in unanaesthetised C. porosus using blood vessel occluders. Measurements of blood flow in the arterial anastomosis showed that, during non-shunting conditions, there was a substantial systolic blood flow from the right aorta into the coeliac artery. The total coeliac artery blood flow was the sum of the anastomosis flow from the right aorta plus the left aortic flow originating from the right aorta via the foramen of Panizza during diastole. During mechanically induced pulmonary-to-systemic shunting, the anastomosis blood flow was reversed, with blood flowing from the left to the right aorta. The magnitude of the 'foramen spike' was directly related to the vascular resistance in the anastomosis. When vascular resistance in the anastomosis was high, such as during mechanical occlusion, there was an increase in the right aortic to left aortic pressure gradient during systole which resulted in an increase the foramen spike amplitude. Recordings of right intraventricular pressure in unanaesthetised C. porosus showed spontaneous changes in right intracardiac systolic pressure. The pressure recordings were biphasic, with the second contraction (isometric) being highly variable in size, indicating the control of pulmonary outflow resistance, possibly via the 'cogteeth valves' located in the sub-pulmonary conus in the right ventricle.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Absence of LKM-1 antibody reactivity in autoimmune and hepatitis-C-related chronic liver disease in Sweden. Swedish Internal Medicine Liver club.

BACKGROUND: Type-2 autoimmune hepatitis is a subgroup of chronic hepatitis characterized by the presence of liver/kidney microsomal autoantibodies type 1 (LKM-1). A frequent association with chronic hepatitis C suggests that hepatitis virus might trigger autoimmune reactivity. LKM-1-positive chronic hepatitis is not uncommon in southern Europe but is rarely seen in the USA and the UK. The prevalence in Scandinavia is hitherto unknown. METHODS: We used an automated prototype LKM-1 immunometry-based assay (IMx) to detect LKM-1 antibodies in sera from 350 Swedish patients with chronic liver diseases (100 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 80 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 100 with hepatitis C, and 70 patients with various forms of chronic hepatitis, including 36 autoimmune cases), and from 17 children with autoimmune hepatitis. Sera reactive in the IMx assay were subjected to immunofluorescence testing. RESULTS: No clearly LKM-reactive sera were detected. Serum samples from 29 patients were borderline reactive in the IMx assay but tested negative in the confirmatory immunofluorescence test. Positive tests in the former assay were likely caused by reactivity against microsomal antigens other than LKM-1/cytochrome P450IID6. CONCLUSIONS: LKM-1-positive type-2 autoimmune hepatitis is very rare in Sweden. Furthermore, chronic hepatitis C did not trigger this type of autoimmune reactivity in our patients, probably owing to genetic insusceptibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Scientists - physicians and industrialists. How radiation therapy reached Sweden and the regional hospital in Falun].

At the turn of the century the medicine is changed into science rather than experience. A great deal depending on the science of physics specifically x-ray and radiation. One of the first physicians who were interested in radiation therapy was Tor Stenbeck and later Gosta Forssell. Another early pioneer was Nils Valdemar Akerblom who was a physican in Falun at the province of Dalarna. With the help of a stipulated donation by the engineer and vice manager at the Stora Kopparbergs Berslags AB, Lars Yngstrom the first radioactive preparations arrived to Falun 1911. But already 1904 Dr. Akerblom had experimentally given ratiotherapy to patients with cancer. The hospital in Falun and Dr. Akerblom received an additonal donation form the Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags AB.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1997

Guinea pig apolipoprotein C-II: expression in E. coli, functional studies of recombinant wild-type and mutated variants, and distribution on plasma lipoproteins.

Guinea pig apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) lacks four amino acid residues in the amino-terminal, lipid-binding part compared to apoC-II from other mammalian species (Andersson et al. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 4074-4080). To explore whether this structural difference explains the low ability of guinea pig plasma to activate lipoprotein lipase in vitro, we have expressed guinea pig apoC-II in Escherichia coli and have constructed an insertion mutant with the four missing amino acid residues compared to human apoC-II. With a synthetic emulsion of long-chain triacylglycerols, both the wild-type guinea pig apoC-II and the insertion mutant stimulated lipoprotein lipase similar to human apoC-II, but with chylomicrons from an apoC-II-deficient patient, 5- to 10-fold more of both wild-type guinea pig apoC-II and the insertion mutant were needed. Studies of tryptophane fluorescence indicated a slight difference in how guinea pig apoC-II interacted with liposomes, and presumably with lipoproteins, as compared to human apoC-II. The level of apoC-II (11.5 +/- 5.4 microg/ml) was lower in guinea pig compared to human plasma, and most of guinea pig apoC-II was on HDL-like particles. These had decreased ability to donate apoC-II to lipid emulsions compared to human HDL. Some guinea pig apoC-II was associated with LDL which, as demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, had higher affinity for lipoprotein lipase than human LDL, and inhibited rather than stimulated the lipase reaction in vitro. We conclude that while guinea pig apoC-II is fully competent to stimulate lipoprotein lipase, the sum of several different factors explains the low ability of guinea pig plasma to accomplish stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Apolipoprotein CII from chicken (Gallus domesticus). The amino-terminal domain is different from corresponding domains in mammals.

The amino acid sequence of chicken apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) was determined from cDNA sequencing and from partial protein sequencing. The chicken sequence showed an overall identity of around 30% to all the other previously known apoCII sequences. Comparison of the carboxyl-terminal domain (residues 51-79, human numbering) showed at least 50% identity between species. By limiting the region to residues 51-70 the similarity was remarkably high, about 85%. This is in concert with the previous opinion that residues in the region 56-76 are directly engaged in binding to lipoprotein lipase and in activation of this enzyme. In contrast, in the amino-terminal end up to residue 50 (human numbering) less than 24% of the amino acid residues in chicken apoCII were identical to residues of any of the other species. In addition, chicken apoCII is four residues longer than human apoCII (83 versus 79 residues), probably due to an extension at the amino-terminal end. Although the sequence was completely different in the amino-terminal domain, the structures necessary for binding to lipid appear to be present in chicken apoCII. Secondary structure prediction showed that the amino-terminal domain could form two amphipathic alpha-helices in almost similar areas of the sequence as was previously predicted for human apoCII.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of proliferation markers and their prognostic value for women with endometrial carcinoma. Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and flow cytometric S-phase fraction.

BACKGROUND: The understanding of proliferation is a central issue in oncology. Several methods exist for the assessment of the growth fraction and cell-cycle time, but comparative studies that give the clinician advice about the most reliable use of new markers are few. The aim of the current study was to perform methodologic, descriptive, comparative, and prognostic studies of Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and flow cytometric S-phase fraction (SPF) in endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of Ki 67 (n = 175) and PCNA (n = 146) were studied immunohistochemically; and the SPF (n = 297) by flow cytometry. The median follow-up time was 78 months. RESULTS: Neither Ki-67 nor PCNA had any correlation to either the stage or the histopathologic subtype of the tumors, but they were covariant with the histopathologic grade (P < 0.05). There was an interrelationship between Ki-67 and PCNA (P < 0.001), and both were associated with the size of the SPF (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Mean SPF was high in advanced stages and strongly associated with histopathologic subtype (P < 0.0001) and ploidy (P < 0.0001). Tumors with strong Ki-67 expression were more often aneuploid (P < 0.01). In initial analyses, Ki-67 and SPF were predictors of poor survival (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas PCNA was not. When SPF was added to a comprehensive multivariate model, Ki-67 provided no further prognostic information, whereas SPF remained a powerful predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 and, to a lesser extent, PCNA, give approximate estimates of the growth fraction, whereas SPF only reflects the proportion of cells in S-phase. However, SPF is by far the strongest predictor of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of probucol on low density lipoprotein oxidation and femoral atherosclerosis.

The Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST) investigated the effect of the lipid lowering and antioxidant drug probucol on the development of atherosclerosis in humans. 303 hypercholesterolemic patients were randomized to receive either probucol or placebo, in combination with dietary advice and cholestyramine for a three-year period. Probucol was not found to effect progression regression of femoral atherosclerosis significantly as assessed by quantitative arteriography. To evaluate the effectiveness of probucol as an antioxidant during the study period, detailed analyses were performed on 42 of the randomized patients. During the trial, probucol-treated patients (n = 26) had 15% lower total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and 35% lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.0001) compared with controls (n = 16). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) from probucol treated individuals was more resistant to oxidation by Cu2+ as determined by the lag phase for the formation of conjugated dienes (220 +/- 8 vs. 82 +/- 7 min (mean +/- S.E)), showed a 13 times lower formation of lipid peroxides, a 97% reduction in macrophage degradation and close to 90% less decrease in LDL receptor binding following oxidation as compared with controls (P < 0.001 for all differences). The results demonstrate that although probucol provided a significant protection against Cu(2+)-induced oxidative modification of LDL, it lacked effect on the development of femoral atherosclerosis. The relevance of these observations for the proposed role of lipid oxidation in atherosclerosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Estrogen induces apoptosis in a rat prostatic adenocarcinoma: association with an increased expression of TGF-beta 1 and its type-I and type-II receptors.

Rats transplanted with the androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327 PAP prostatic adenocarcinoma were castrated and treated with either estrogen or vehicle alone for short periods (4 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr) and for 6 weeks. In these tumors the expression of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta type-I and type-II receptors (TGF-beta RI, TGF-beta RII) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic cells were identified by in situ nick and labelling (TUNEL). Tumor growth was retarded by castration and even more by additive estrogen treatment. The epithelium of the untreated tumors stained weakly for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta RI, but TGF-beta RII was not detected. Castration induced moderate TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity in a major part of the glandular epithelium after 24 hr. After 12 hr already, castration plus estrogen resulted in an intense staining for TGF-beta 1 in the basal epithelial cells, some of which also showed an apoptotic appearance. The percentage of cells having stained positive for TGF-beta 1 was significantly higher in the estrogen-treated groups than in the castrated group after 12 hr, and its elevated TGF-beta 1 level remained at 6 weeks. Notably, the increased immunoexpression of TGF-beta 1 occurred before the onset of induction of apoptosis. In parallel with the upregulation of TGF-beta 1 after castration, the expression of its receptors. TGF-beta RI and RII, was induced and was further enhanced by the additive estrogen treatment. The number of intensely stained TGF-beta 1 tumor cells showed a strong correlation with the number of apoptotic tumor cells identified by TUNEL in the whole material. Furthermore, TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity co-localized with the presence of apoptotic cells in the estrogen-treated tumors at 6 weeks after castration.

Activin Receptors, Type I↗
PubMed1996

[Stress fractures. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis of the lumbar vertebrae among young athletes with back pain].

Frequency of spondylolysis is higher among athletes who perform movements involving repeated flexion and extension of the spine than in the normal population. This article describes 50 patients (30 women, 20 men) with spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis grade 1 who were examined at the Norwegian Institute of Sports Medicine. Handball, followed by soccer, were the dominating sports in our study. Most of the patients were 15-19 years old; 20 patients had had low back pain for more than 12 months from onset till the first examination. In 45 patients the defect was found in the fifth lumbar vertebra, in three in L3 and in two in L4. This study indicates that stress fracture is the most dominating cause of spondylolysis in athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary.

We have cloned a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The cDNA of clone 29 was isolated from a rat prostate cDNA library and it encodes a protein of 485 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 54.2 kDa. Clone 29 protein is unique in that it is highly homologous to the rat estrogen receptor (ER) protein, particularly in the DNA-binding domain (95%) and in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (55%). Expression of clone 29 in rat tissues was investigated by in situ hybridization and prominent expression was found in prostate and ovary. In the prostate clone 29 is expressed in the epithelial cells of the secretory alveoli, whereas in the ovary the granuloma cells in primary, secondary, and mature follicles showed expression of clone 29. Saturation ligand-binding analysis of in vitro synthesized clone 29 protein revealed a single binding component for 17beta-estradiol (E2) with high affinity (Kd= 0.6 nM). In ligand-competition experiments the binding affinity decreased in the order E2 > diethylstilbestrol > estriol > estrone > 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol >> testosterone = progesterone = corticosterone = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. In cotransfection experiments of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a clone 29 expression vector and an estrogen-regulated reporter gene, maximal stimulation (about 3-fold) of reporter gene activity was found during incubation with 10 nM of E2. Neither progesterone, testosterone, dexamethasone, thyroid hormone, all-trans-retinoic acid, nor 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,I7beta-diol could stimulate reporter gene activity, whereas estrone and 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol did. We conclude that clone 29 cDNA encodes a novel rat ER, which we suggest be named rat ERbeta to distinguish it from the previously cloned ER (ERalpha) from rat uterus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Binding of neuroleptic drugs (trifluoperazine and rimcazole) to vanilloid receptors in porcine dorsal horn.

Neuroleptic drugs were reported to modulate [3H]resiniferatoxin binding to vanilloid receptors in the spinal cord, with marked differences between rat and man. In the present study, we have used a [3H]resiniferatoxin binding assay using porcine dorsal horn membranes to explore further species differences in the interaction of neuroleptic drugs at spinal vanilloid receptors. Specific binding of 13 pM [3H]resiniferatoxin to porcine dorsal horn membranes (corresponding to a 7% fractional receptor occupancy) was affected by trifluoperazine in a bi-phasic fashion, with an initial 90% enhancement of binding preceding inhibition: a fit to the modified Hill equation yielded a cooperativity index of 1.8 and a Ki of 5 microM. Under similar conditions, rimcazole, by contrast, had a monophasic effect: it enhanced but, up to 100 microM, did not inhibit [3H]resiniferatoxin binding. These results are in accord with previous findings in human spinal cord but contrast with those in the rat. In experiments in which the concentration of [3H]resiniferatoxin was varied, 20 microM trifluoperazine reduced the Bmax by 33% (from 181 +/- 9 fmol/mg protein to 121 +/- 5 fmol/mg protein) without a measurable change in affinity or cooperativity. In parallel experiments, by contrast, neither capsaicin nor capsazepine (both at a concentration of 10 microM) affected the Bmax or cooperativity but, as expected, reduced the affinity from 61 +/- 8 pM to 120 +/- 11 pM or to 101 +/- 7 pM, respectively. Whereas vanilloid receptor agonists (resiniferatoxin and capsaicin) affected [3H]resiniferatoxin binding at low (approximately 7%) fractional receptor occupancies by the radioligand in a bi-phasic fashion, the competitive vanilloid receptor antagonist capsazepine failed to induce the initial binding enhancement. Thus, capsazepine appears to bind to vanilloid receptors in a non-cooperative fashion, or at least with much reduced positive cooperativity in this system. The mechanism by which neuroleptic drugs modulate resiniferatoxin binding is yet to be clarified and is clearly complicated as well as species-dependent; nonetheless, the reduced Bmax at higher concentrations suggests that it may at least in part be non-competitive.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of 1-alpha blockader on maximal oxygen consumption and physical endurance in hypertensive men].

The effect of alpha 1 adrenoceptor blockade (doxazosin, 4 mg daily) on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and physical endurance capacity in 16 mildly hypertensive, athletic men was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-period of 4 weeks, cross-over study. The maximal work load obtained during graded bicycle ergometer exercise and the VO2 max were reduced by 16 +/- 3 W (mean +/- SE) and 3 +/- 1 ml x kg-1 x min-1 on doxazosin (p < 0.001 for both), and the running time on 5000 m track increased by 43 +/- 12 sec (p < 0.05). Thus, alpha 1-blockade moderately reduces VO2 max and physical endurance capacity in mildly hypertensive athletic men. However, lower systolic blood pressure (9 +/- 4 mm Hg, p < 0.05) immediately after running, and unchanged heart rate suggest a safer performance of exercise.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Deoxythymidine kinase in the staging of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The role of prostate-specific antigen in the management of prostatic adenocarcinoma is still not fully ascertained. Its place in the monitoring of patients who have undergone radical treatment is without question but its role in the primary assessment of a lesion is a point of continuous discussion. This study reports the analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 92 patients with different stages of prostatic adenocarcinoma prior to treatment; in the case of the localized lesions, this was based to a great extent on the findings at lymphadenectomy. Apart from PSA analysis, deoxythymidine kinase (dTK) analyses were also performed in an attempt to discover whether the latter could provide additional information about the tumor load in the different patient categories, viz. those with lymph node involvement (group 1), those with lymph node involvement but without distant metastases (group 2), and those with disseminated disease (group 3). The median PSA and dTK values in groups 1-3 were 6.5 micrograms/L and 2.7 U/microliter, 16 micrograms/L and 2.6 U/microL, and 90 micrograms/L and 7.8 U/microL, respectively. If the two analyses were used concomitantly, they could differentiate true localized disease from metastatic in approximately 92% of cases. The combination should prove of value in the primary assessment of a patient with a newly diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of proliferation indicators in residual prostatic adenocarcinoma cells after radical external beam radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Fifty-five patients who had received radical external beam radiotherapy (RRT) for clinically staged, localized prostatic adenocarcinoma were examined with systematic sextant mapping with the help of transrectal ultrasound-guided core biopsies. The average follow-up after RRT was 6.8 years. Residual cancer was found histopathologically in 67% (37/55) of the patients investigated. METHODS: In the present report, the viability of these tumor cells was studied using immunohistochemical staining methods with the monoclonal antibodies MIB1 and PC10, which are specific for the proliferation-associated antigens Ki-67 and PCNA. RESULTS: Available data concerning proliferating activity in the pretreatment situation in 12 of these patients revealed that proliferating activity was substantially reduced in the majority of cases after RRT. Post-RRT, Ki-67, and PCNA activity was nonetheless found to varying degrees in 64% and 94% of the 36 evaluable tumor-harboring specimens, respectively. In the majority of cases, the proportion of proliferating cells, designated "score", was low. However, Ki-67 scores of up to 8% and PCNA scores of up to 50% were obtained in 35% (8/23) and 97% (33/34) of the specimens, respectively, with proliferative activity. There was no significant correlation between tumor grade and proliferative score in the follow-up biopsies. In the 36 cases investigated, endocrine treatment did not influence the proliferation results. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates a proliferative capacity in residual tumor cells in a long-term follow-up after RRT, suggesting that these cancer cells might have a biological significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗