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Biomedical subjects

S Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Nilsson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia in men with gallstone disease.

Lipoprotein disorders are associated with changes in the bile lipid composition, and gallstone disease has been reported to be common in hyperlipoproteinemic patients. To find out whether there is a significant correlation between hyperlipoproteinemia and gallstone disease, we compared the prealence of hyperlipoproteinemia in a consecutive series of male gallstone patients with that in an age-matched consecutive series of gallstone-free patients. The gallstone patients were hyperlipoproteinemic in 43.5% as compared with 22.5% in the control patients. This difference was statistically significant. Prebetahyperlipoproteinemia (type IV) was the most common lipoprotein disorder in gallstone patients as well as in control patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Decrease of sperm antibody titer in males, and conception after treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Although autoimmunization to spermatozoa is a cause of male infertility, the cause of antibody formation is unknown in most cases. It has been shown that the titer is usually unchanged for as much as 16 years in the same individual. Trials to reduce the titer with varying methods have not been successful. A new possibility of treatment was indicated by the finding of a higher incidence of prostatitis in men with sperm antibodies than in a control group. Following treatment of prostatitis we observed a reduction of the antibody titer in eight cases. In five cases the cervical mucus penetrating capacity of the spermatozoa improved, and conception occurred.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1977

A human alloantiserum precipitates Ia-like molecules from chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

Alloantigens specific for human B lymphocytes can be identified with selected antisera. These antigens have similarities to murine Ia antigens in that they are found on human B lymphocytes and are controlled by genes linked to genes controlling HLA. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing B cell antigens were labeled with 3H leucine and the membrane components reacting with the B cell antisera isolated by immunoprecipitation. These membrane components had m.w. of 33,000 and 24,000 daltons similar to the murine Ia antigens. The results complete the homology of murine Ia and human B cell alloantigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Uptake and release of catecholamines in sympathetic nerve fibres in the spleen of the cod, Gadus morhua.

The effects of drugs known from mammalian experiments to interfere with uptake and release of adrenergic transmitters in the sympathetic nerve terminals have been investigated on perfused spleen and isolated spleen strips from the cod. Cocaine and desipramine inhibit the accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline in the perfused spleen, probably by interfering with uptake mechanisms. Both drugs also shift to the left the dose-response curves for noradrenaline and adrenaline on isolated strips, cocaine being most potent. The maximal contraction force of isolated strips also increases after cocaine when noradrenaline is the agonist, but not when methacholine is used or on chronically denervated strips. This effect of cocaine is therefore not due to a general postsynaptic effect. Tyramine and amphetamine both release stored 3H-noradrenaline from the perfused spleen, and tyramine also contracted the spleen strips. In contrast to the situation in mammals, the dose-response curve for tyramine is not affected by cocaine, and tyramine (up to 10(-3) M) present in the bath does not potentiate the dose-response curve for noradrenaline on isolated strips. Different uptake mechanisms for tyramine and noradrenaline into the nerve terminal are therefore suggested for the cod sympathetic fibres. The alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent phentolamine produces an increase in overflow of label during nerve stimulation at 5Hz in the perfused spleen preloaded with 3H-noradrenaline. An alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated control of the release of catecholamines, similar to that in mammals, appears to be present in the cod.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1976

Uptake and release of catecholamines in sympathetic nerve fibers in the spleen of the cod, Gadus morhua.

The effects of denervation or pretreatment with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine on the contractile responses of the cod spleen have been studied. The contraction produced by tyramine is abolished by pretreatment with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine and by denervation. The response to tyramine is restored in reserpine-treated strips after exposure to noradrenaline, but this is not the denervated or 6-hydroxydopamine-treated strips. The response to noradrenaline is potentiated by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment or denervation, while neither acute (2 days) nor chronic (8 days) reserpine treatment have any detectable effect. The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and denervation are probably due to specific supersensitivity caused by the loss of the presynaptic uptake mechanisms on destruction of the nerve terminals, but contribution by a non-specific postsynaptic supersensitivity is not completely excluded. The effect of acetylcholine is also significantly potentiated by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or denervation, but not by reserpine, while the dose-response curve for carbachol is not affected by the specific cholinesterase inhibitor BW 284 C51, denervation or 6-hydroxydopamine. The degree of potentiation of the acetylcholine curve caused by both denervation and 6-hydroxydopamine treatment is very similar to that produced by BW 284 C51. It is concluded therefore, that the cholinesterase is associated with nerve fibres which are destroyed by denervation and 6-hydroxydopamine. Although the cod spleen receives both cholinergic and adrenergic sympathetic innervation all responses to nerve stimulation of the perfused spleen are abolished after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. The possibility is suggested that the sympathetic fibres to the cod spleen represent a primitive type of neuron, with both catecholamines and acetylcholine present within the same terminals.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) activity and catecholamine content in chromaffin tissue and sympathetic neurons in the cod, Gadus morhua.

The activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) has been measured in the chromaffin tissue of the head kidney and in the sympathetic neurons of the coeliac ganglion/splanchnic nerve in the cod. The content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in these tissues and in other adrenergically innervated tissues and blood plasma was also determined. Adrenaline dominates over noradrenaline in most sympathetically innervated tissues, in the chromaffin tissue and in blood plasma, but not in the muscularis mucosae of the swimbladder. High PNMT activity was found in the chromaffin tissue in the walls of the posterior cardinal veins, and also in sympathetic neurons. It is concluded that the adrenaline found in the sympathetic nerves may originate from intraneuronal adrenaline synthesis, but also from circulating adrenaline which is taken up and stored.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Autonomic nerve control of the swimbladder of the goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris.

The autonomic nerve control of the swimbladder of the goldsinny wrasse has been studied by experiments with isolated strips from the muscularis mucosae, drug effects on gas secretion in vivo, fluorescent histochemistry and quantitative analysis of catecholamine content. Vagotomy, atropine and mecamylamine significantly inhibited induced gas secretion, suggesting a cholinergic vagal secretory innervation of the gas gland. The anterior part of the mucosa (secretory part) is contracted by acetylcholine and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. These responses are competitively antagonized by atropine and phentolamine or yohimbine respectively. The posterior (resorbent) part of the mucosa is contracted by acetylcholine, but beta-adrenoceptor agonists relax the acetylcholine-precontracted preparations. These responses are competitively blocked by atropine and propranolol respectively. The pA2-values from all experiments with antagonists are well comparable with values obtained for the same drugs in other teleost or mammalian tissues. Tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or phenylephrine had mixed effects on the posterior part. This effect is at least in part due to release of nervously stored catecholamines. Fluorescent histochemistry revealed a strong innervation by both smooth and varicose adrenergic fibres in all parts of the swimbladder, noradrenaline being the dominant catecholamine. Yellow fluorescent cells, which may contain 5-hydroxytryptamine, were also seen in the swimbladder mucosa. No conclusive evidence for a cholinergic innervation of the muscularis mucosae was obtained.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Electron microscopie and enzyme cytochemical studies on the guinia pig metaphysis with special reference to the lysosomal system of different cell types.

A transmission electron microscopic study of demineralized, methaphyseal bone of the young guinea pig is presented. Special attention is paid to the lysosomal system of the different cell types. Visualization of acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activity was used to identify tissue components as belonging thereto. The distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity, a plasma membrane marker, was also examined. Osteoblasts were distinguished by a marked development of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Perivascular cells type A, morphologically resembled the osteoblasts, and are believed to represent an early stage in the specialization of the latter. A few lysosomes were normally found in the osteoblasts; they were less common in the type A cells. In contrasts to their regular occurrence in guinea pig epiphyseal cartilage, dense bodies of lysosomal nature ("type I vesicles") were only rarely seen in the bone matrix. Structures analogous to the type II vesicles in cartilage were, however, normally present. Their membrane showed activity of alkaline phosphatase. Possible functions of lysosomes and matrix vesicles in osteogenesis are discussed. Perivascular cells type B and chondroclasts both contained a prominent Golgi complex and large numbers of free ribosomes, mitochondria and lysosomes. In the type B cells, inclusion material of varying appearance often occurred in the lysosomes and in endocytic vesicles. The chondroclasts sometimes presented a ruffled border, with associated vacuoles and lysosomes in the subjacent cytoplasm. It is suggested that both cell types participate in the resorption of the epiphyseal cartilage. Chondroclasts presumably arise by fusion of type B cells and/or monocytic precursors from the peripheral blood.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Effects of drugs and nerve stimulation on the spleen and arteries of two species of dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula and Squalus acanthias.

The effects of drugs and nerve stimulation on the spleen of 2 species of dogfish have been examined by experiments with perfused spleens and isolated spleen and artery strips. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine, acting via alpha adrenoceptors, constrict the perfused spleen of both species, thereby releasing erythrocytes, and contract the isolated spleen and artery strips. Phenotolamine competitively antagonizes the excitatory effects of adrenergic agonists. The responses of the spleen to acetylcholine are very irregular, and a rapid desensitization makes evaluation of the mode of action of this drug difficult. In the artery strips acetylcholine produces a dose-dependent contraction. Fluorescent histochemistry reveals well developed adrenergic innervation of the arteries, and a few adrenergic terminals in the spleen. Stimulation of splenic nerves produces normally splenoconstriction in Squalus, which can be blocked by phentolamine but not by atropine. The nervous control of the Scyliorhinus spleen seems to be poor or lacking. It is concluded that the dogfish spleen, and maybe also the arteries, are to a large extent controlled by circulating catecholamines and (in Squalus) also by sympathetic adrenergic fibres.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Late effects of transurethral resection of bladder tumours at the ureteric orifice.

Nineteen patients, transurethrally resected for low-grade malignant tumours of the urinary bladder at or near the ureteric orifice, were investigated with respect to the presence of distal ureteric stenosis and/or vesico-ureteric reflux. The follow-up studies were performed from 6 to 28 (mean 12) months after the resection and included intravenous pyelography, voiding cystography, cytoscopy with catheterization of the ureteric orifice on the operated side, quantitative urinary culture, and serum creatinine determination. The intravenous pyelographies showed that the ureters on the operated side were significantly wider than those on the control side. This widening was recorded regardless of whether vesico-ureteric reflux was present or not. Vesico-ureteric refluxwas found on the operated side in 9 patients. No reflux was found on the control side in any patient. Preoperatively, no difference in ureteric width was observed between the tumour side and the control side. No severe stenosis was found at the follow-up investigation-in all cases at least a 5 French catheter could be inserted. Postoperatively, the urinary cultures were positive in 4 patients, 3 of whom had a vesico-ureteric reflux. A slight increase in the serum creatinine was noticed in one patient. The absence of ureteric stenosis in this series might be caused by the fact that the resection was performed with a minimum of coagulation.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Segmental cortical renal infarction with spontaneous regression. A clinical and roentgenological study.

A patient with a suspected segmental aseptic renal infarction is described. Initially, the clinical picture was characterized by pain and macroscopic haematuria. An acute intravenous pyelography showed a normal roentgen anatomy. At a second intravenous pyelography one week later, an incomplete filling of the two cranial calyces was found. A subsequent renal angiography showed an avascular area within the corresponding parenchyma. The distinct demarcation of the avascular zone caused us to suspect that the disease might be ischemic. A second and a third renal angiography 6 weeks and 4 months later, respectively, both showed complete restoration with a normal vascular pattern. The necessity of performing an acute renal angiography in every case of a suspected renal infarction is stressed. The possibility of preventing hypertension by kidney resection in patients with incomplete restoration of the renal parenchyma is evaluated.

Adult↗