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Biomedical subjects

S Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Nilsson.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Gastrins and cholecystokinins release acetylcholine but not substance P from neurons in the guinea-pig taenia coli.

Gastrins and cholecystokinins contract the isolated taenia coli of the guinea-pig. Porcine CCK-39 produced the greatest contractile response and human gastrin-17 I and -34 the weakest. Pentagastrin had the highest affinity to the receptors and non-sulphated CCK-8 the lowest. The contractions produced by the CCK peptides were reduced by the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin and by the muscarinic blocker atropine but not by the substance P antagonist [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]SP. It is concluded that gastrin/CCK peptides act directly on smooth muscle cells and that in addition these peptides, notably sulphated forms of CCK, are capable of exciting cholinergic neurons (but not SP neurons) to cause smooth muscle contraction.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Effect on haemostasis of intravenous injection of alpha 2-antiplasmin in cats treated with streptokinase.

The effect in cats of an intravenous injection of purified human alpha 2-antiplasmin on changes in the haemostatic system, caused by administration of streptokinase was investigated. The decrease in fibrinogen and plasminogen caused by streptokinase infusion was immediately inhibited by the alpha 2-antiplasmin infusion. The increase in vascular permeability and the prolongation of coagulation times were efficiently inhibited.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Human extrinsic plasminogen activator fibrinolytic properties and neutralization in vivo.

The thrombolytic activity and elimination rate in vivo of a plasminogen activator purified from a melanoma cell line was examined in a rabbit thrombus model. Following an intravenous injection of 125I labelled plasminogen activator, its biological activity disappeared very rapidly from the plasma (t1/2 = 1.5 min) and radioactivity immediately accumulated in the liver. After a two-hour infusion with a total amount of 0.5 mg plasminogen activator a 60 per cent reduction in the weight of partially occluding thrombi was noted. No significant thrombolysis was seen in totally occluded vessels. Treatment with 0.5 mg plasminogen activator caused no depletion of fibrinogen or alpha 2-antiplasmin. No significant thrombolysis occurred after infusion of 0.5 mg streptokinase, but total lysis of occluding and non-occluding thrombi was obtained after a two-hour infusion of 1 mg streptokinase, without any reduction of fibrinogen. A marked reduction of alpha 2-antiplasmin was seen after both 0.5 and 1 mg of streptokinase treatment but were not seen in rabbits infused with plasminogen activator.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bombesin-, gastrin/CCK-, 5-hydroxytryptamine-, neurotensin-, somatostatin-, and VIP-like immunoreactivity and catecholamine fluorescence in the gut of the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias.

The presence of peptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in neurons and endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, and the distribution of catecholamines by use of the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence-histochemical technique. Bombesin-like immunoreactivity was present in numerous nerves in all layers and all parts of the gut, and also in endocrine cells in the mucosa throughout the stomach, rectum and intestine. VIP-like immunoreactivity occurred in an abundance of nerve fibres and in nerve cell bodies in all parts of the gut except the oesophagus, while 5-HT-like immunoreactivity was found sparsely in nerve fibres and more frequently in endocrine cells throughout the gut. Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity was present in numerous nerve fibres in the rectum, but only in scattered fibres in the other parts of the gut. Endocrine cells showing gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity were present in the intestine only. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity occurred in both nerve fibres and endocrine cells of the stomach and intestine, but only in nerves in the rectum. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was confined to endocrine cells of the intestine. Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry revealed 5-HT in endocrine cells and catecholamines in nerve fibres (and possibly also in endocrine cells) throughout the gut. Bombesin-, VIP-, gastrin/CCK- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities and catecholamine fluorescence were present in nerve fibres of the rectal gland and, with the exception of gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity, also in nerve bundles in the walls of the coeliac and mesenteric arteries. The findings of the present study form an anatomical basis for the assumption that several of the neuropeptides and amines could function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the gut of Squalus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2) from chromaffin and nervous tissue of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.

1. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; EC 1.14.16.2) was estimated in vitro in crude tissue homogenates from the posterior cardinal veins (chromaffin tissue) and the coeliac ganglion (adrenergic neurons) of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. 2. TH from the chromaffin tissue showed its highest activity at pH = 6.0 and a temperature of 30-35 degrees C, and was stimulated by low concentrations of catalase (20 micrograms/ml). 3. Estimations of the absolute TH activity in vitro showed values of 110 +/- 30 nmol/g X hr for the chromaffin tissue and 1120 +/- 280 nmol/g X hr for the coeliac ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Catecholamine biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo in the chromaffin tissue of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.

1. The biosynthesis of [3H]catecholamines from [3H]L-tyrosine in the intact chromaffin tissue of cod posterior cardinal veins was studied in vitro and in vivo at 10 degrees C. 2. The tritiated products dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were separated from the [3H]tyrosine by paper chromatography of tissue extracts and the radioactivity of 1 cm strips of the chromatogram was determined by liquid scintillation spectrophotometry. DOPA could never be demonstrated in the tissue extracts from any of the experiments performed. 3. The content of [3H]noradrenaline in pieces of the cardinal veins incubated in vitro was found to increase rapidly. The tissue content of dopamine and adrenaline remained at lower levels which were reached during the first few hours of the incubation. A similar pattern could be demonstrated in the chromaffin tissue in vivo after infusion of [3H]tyrosine, but the total content of the [3H]catecholamines was lower than in the in vitro experiments. 4. The results are consistent with the view that the methylation of noradrenaline is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of adrenaline in cod chromaffin tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Splanchnic nervous control of the stomach of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias.

The splanchnic innervation of the stomach of Squalus acanthias has been studied using an isolated perfused stomach preparation and isolated strip preparations from the smooth muscle of the stomach wall. The stomach contracted in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation, and this response was mimicked by all three putative transmitter substances tested: adrenaline, acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The response to nerve stimulation was not affected by atropine (10(-6) M) or methysergide (10(-6) M), but was abolished by phentolamine (10(-6) M). This concentration of phentolamine had little or no effect on the responses of the stomach to exogenous acetylcholine or 5-hydroxytryptamine, but significantly blocked the response to exogenous adrenaline. The results are interpreted in favour of an adrenergic excitatory splanchnic innervation of the dogfish stomach. A "rebound" contraction of the stomach normally occurred upon cessation of the splanchnic nerve stimulation. This response disappeared together with the primary contraction after administration of phentolamine, suggesting the involvement of an adrenergic mechanism in the occurrence of the "rebound" contraction in this preparation. The present experiments did not provide any conclusive evidence for a splanchnic nervous control of the gastric vasculature.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Characteristics of donor semen and cervical mucus at the time of conception.

With freshly ejaculated semen from 15 donors, 1017 inseminations were performed in 247 women. One hundred conceptions were achieved. The degree of crystallization of the cervical mucus and the characteristics of the donor semen were examined at each insemination. One insemination only from one single ejaculate was performed in each cycle. This procedure made it possible to describe the quality of the cervical mucus and the sperm sample characteristics on each occasion of conception. The conception rate was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) when the degree of crystallization of the cervical mucus was impaired. The conception rate was low when the sperm density was less than 20 million/ml, the percentage of abnormal sperm was above 50, and the degree of motility was graded 2 or less. The in vitro capillary sperm penetration test gave reliable information on the progressive motility of the sperm, showing a good correlation between penetration ability and conception rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The detachment, attachment and growth capacity of human glioma and glia cells in culture.

The detachment, attachment and growth were studied in malignant glioma and normal glia cells in culture, using the palladium-agarose cloning method. The number of cells in each individual clone was repeatedly counted throughout 10 days. All four glioma cell-lines studied detached and attached themselves at higher rates than the normal, diploid, glia cells. This dynamic behaviour seemed to be a general property of cultured, malignant, glioma cells. All the cell-lines contained clones with different properties. Some clones were growing, others were nearly constant in cell number and yet others decreased in cell number as a function of time. The differences between these types of clones were surprisingly sharp.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1983

A prospective randomized study of preoperative irradiation with cystectomy or cystectomy alone for invasive bladder carcinoma.

Prognosis was studied in 44 patients with urothelial bladder tumors, WHO grades 2 or 3, invading the lamina propria or the muscular coat, without signs of distant metastases. The patients were preoperatively randomized into two groups according to treatment: total cystectomy with or without preoperative irradiation. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 81 and 61%, respectively, in 22 patients not receiving preoperative irradiation. 22 patients preoperatively irradiated had 3- and 5-year survival rates of 81 and 75%, respectively. Individuals who were tumor-free at cystectomy after preoperative irradiation had an excellent prognosis and tumor eradication was achieved in 80% when a cumulative radiation effect (CRE) above 1,400 reu was administered. Only 1 of 10 patients who received a CRE above 1,400 reu died from bladder tumor. This might indicate that preoperative irradiation improves the survival rate providing the CRE exceeds 1,400 reu. The presence of residual tumor after transurethral resection, aimed at resecting the tumor completely, seems difficult to evaluate since the surgeon was mistaken in believing the excision to be radical in more than 50% of the cases. The risk of error was especially high when the tumor infiltrated the muscular wall of the bladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Vaginal administration of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha-methyl ester prior to vacuum aspiration. Peri- and postoperative complications.

In order to simplify the operative technique and lower the postoperative complication rate, 354 healthy primigravidae were treated with a vaginal suppository containing 1 mg of 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha 12 hours prior to vacuum aspiration abortion in the first trimester. The mean cervical diameter found at the operation was 8.5 mm and in 38% of the women no further mechanical dilatation of the cervix was needed. The amount of bleeding during the operation was low (mean 30 ml, max. 300 ml). No perforations of the uterus or cervical lacerations occurred at operation. Side effects of the prostaglandin such as vomiting, diarrhea and lower abdominal pain occurred in 80% of the women and must be regarded as disturbing to the patient and seem to require that the women be hospitalized. The incidence of genital infection following the abortion was found to be 6.2%. In 8.2% of the women, the postoperative bleeding persisted for more than 14 days. It is concluded that if the frequency of side effects can be lowered by using new analogues of prostaglandins, pretreatment with vaginal suppositories may be recommended before vacuum-aspiration at legal abortion in the first trimester.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1983

Late results of pyeloplasty for idiopathic hydronephrosis in adults.

A series of 91 cases of unilateral obstruction of the pelviureteric junction is reviewed. Primary nephrectomy was performed in 13 cases (14%) because of severe hydronephrosis and renal function less than 10% that of the normal kidney. Pyeloplasty was performed according to Anderson-Hynes in 74 cases and with a Culp-De Weerd flap in four cases. Nephrostomy was performed concomitantly with the pyeloplasty in 14 cases. The parenchymal function was normal before pyeloplasty in 78% of the 78 kidneys, though the drainage function was severely impaired in 76 of the kidneys and moderately impaired in two. Urine cultures were positive before pyeloplasty in two patients, and 13 of the treated kidneys contained calculi. Follow-up examination was performed 5 to 12 years (mean 8.5 years) after pyeloplasty in all 78 patients. Of the 17 kidneys with preoperatively impaired parenchymal function, 12 (71%) showed improvement. The drainage function was improved in 68 (91%) of the 75 studied kidneys. Persistently impaired drainage function after pyeloplasty was found only in kidneys with infection secondary to retrograde passage of a ureteral catheter for treatment of postoperative urinary leakage. Urinary infection occurred in 11 of the 33 cases with such leakage. Retrograde ureteral catheterization thus favoured the occurrence of urinary infection. Its importance as a risk factor for severe infection was shown by the necessity for secondary nephrectomy in three cases. Since nephrostomy tended to reduce the incidence of urinary leakage, and thereby the need for indwelling ureteral catheter, and since nephrostomy as such was not associated with urinary infection, we recommend its use in the management of idiopathic hydronephrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Angina pectoris and cold.

Ten patients with angina pectoris and a history of cold intolerance performed symptom limited work tests at +18 degrees C and at -17 degrees C. At -17 degrees C the work capacity was found to be 20% lower than at +18 degrees C. In nine of the patients the work load necessary to elicit anginal pain was lower in the cold. Nitroglycerine given before cycling increased the work capacity in the cold to levels obtained in room temperature, mainly due to a decrease in the systolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cardiovascular responses to static-dynamic work in young men, middle-aged athletes, and coronary patients.

The cardiovascular responses to combined static-dynamic work were measured in three groups of subjects: young men, middle-aged athletes, and coronary patients. The highest work capacity was found in the middle-aged athletes and the lowest in the coronary patients. In all instances the highest values of the rate pressure products were found in the coronary patients and the lowest in the middle-aged athletes. This study indicates that systolic blood pressure response to static-dynamic work increases with age and that lifelong endurance training and being a non-smoker does not seem to alter this.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cross-country skiing in coronary patients.

Since 1979, 33 coronary patients have participated altogether 52 times in the Ridderrenn, a 22 km cross-country ski race for handicapped persons. No complications occurred during the races. The authors conclude that cross-country skiing as a recreational activity can be enjoyed by many coronary patients, provided that extremes of cold and high-intensity exercise are avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Selective posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spasticity.

In 1976, Fasano, et al., described a new technique of posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spasticity. They stimulated electrically fascicles of the posterior roots in spastic patients and found that some fascicles responded to stimulation with tonic muscle contractions. They cut these fascicles, preserving those with a weaker or no reaction. The present authors have used a fairly similar technique in the treatment of eight patients with spasticity of the legs and one patient with spasticity of the arm: all fascicles of the posterior roots T12-Sl and C6-8, respectively, were stimulated electrically during surgery under general anesthesia. Approximately 60% to 80% of the fascicles responded to stimulation with tonic muscle jerks, and only these fascicles were cut. All nine patients showed a good reduction of spasticity. The residual cutaneous and joint sensation remained unchanged. Motility of the limbs usually improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparin fragments in rabbits.

Heparin and heparin fragments of different molecular weight and with different anti-factor Xa/APTT activity ratios were studied with respect to their ability to inhibit thrombus formation in an animal model. It is concluded that: a) Neither anti-factor Xa nor the APTT activity alone is a good reflector of the antithrombotic activity. b) Anti-factor Xa active fragments must have a minimum molecular weight in order to elicit good antithrombotic activity. c) High affinity for antithrombin III is important for good antithrombotic activity. d) A heparin fragment of molecular weight 4 000 has the same antithrombotic activity as heparin but less effect on the clotting time.

Animals↗