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Biomedical subjects

S Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Nilsson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acupuncture for tinnitus management.

Fifty-six patients with continuous and severe tinnitus as their major complaint were treated with traditional Chinese acupuncture. After a pre-treatment period with baseline evaluation of tinnitus, 10 treatments were given during a period of 20 days, followed by a post-treatment period in order to obtain indications of prolonged treatment effects. Assessments were made using visual analogue scales (VAS) and a verbal retrospective rating scale. Three patients reported improvement which lasted for at least 10 days after the last treatment, indicating a possible long-term effect in some cases. Twenty-one percent of the patients reported transient intensity reductions lasting for hours/days. Estimated 'substantial' improvement rate by VAS, consistent for all three parameters involved (intensity, annoyance, awareness), was 20%, while the corresponding deterioration rate was 25%. Statistical analysis of the whole group did not show any significant general treatment effects. Interactions between treatment evaluations by verbal rating and VAS are discussed as well as interactions with psychological components.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1991

Cloning, sequence, and developmental expression of a type 5, tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase of rat bone.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a characteristic constituent of osteoclasts and some mononuclear preosteoclasts and, therefore, used as a histochemical and biochemical marker for osteoclasts and bone resorption. We now report the isolation of a 1397-base pair (bp) full-length TRAP/tartrate-resistant acid ATPase (TrATPase) cDNA clone from a neonatal rat calvaria lambda gt11 cDNA library. The cDNA clone consists of a 92-bp untranslated 5'-flank, an open reading frame of 981 bp and a 324-bp untranslated 3'-poly(A)-containing region. The deduced protein sequence of 327 amino acids contains a putative cleavable signal sequence of 21 amino acids. The mature polypeptide of 306 amino acids has a calculated Mr of 34,350 Da and a pI of 9.18, and it contains two potential N-glycosylation sites and the lysosomal targeting sequence DKRFQ. At the protein level, the sequence displays 89-94% homology to TRAP enzymes from human placenta, beef spleen, and uteroferrin and identity to the N terminus of purified rat bone TRAP/TrATPase. An N-terminal amino acid segment is strikingly homologous to the corresponding region in lysosomal and prostatic acid phosphatases. The cDNA recognized a 1.5-kilobase mRNA in long bones and calvaria, and in vitro translation using, as template, mRNA transcribed from the full-length insert yielded an immunoprecipitated product of 34 kDa. In neonatal rats, TRAP/TrATPase mRNA was highly expressed in skeletal tissues, with much lower (less than 10%) levels detected in spleen, thymus, liver, skin, brain, kidney, brain, lung, and heart. In situ hybridization demonstrated specific labeling of osteoclasts at endostal surfaces and bone trabeculae of long bones. Thus, despite the apparent similarity of this osteoclastic TRAP/TrATPase with type 5, tartrate-resistant and purple, acid phosphatases expressed in other mammalian tissues, this gene appears to be preferentially expressed at skeletal sites.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Galanin inhibits the potassium-evoked release of acetylcholine and the muscarinic receptor-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover in slices of monkey hippocampus.

In the ventral hippocampus of Cynomologus monkey, galanin, a 29 amino acid long neuropeptide, reduced the potassium-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine from slices preloaded with [3H]choline and diminished the carbachol-stimulated accumulation of [3H]inositol polyphosphates in hippocampal microprisms preincubated with myo-[2-3H]inositol. Using receptor autoradiography a strong, specific binding of iodinated galanin was observed in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. These may thus be the sites where galanin exerts its inhibitory effects on acetylcholine (ACh) release and phosphoinositide breakdown. These data provide evidence that galanin is a modulator of cholinergic function in septo-hippocampal neurons of primates.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

M-15: high-affinity chimeric peptide that blocks the neuronal actions of galanin in the hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and spinal cord.

The 20-amino acid peptide M-15 binds with high affinity (IC50 approximately 0.1 nM) to 125I-labeled galanin (125I-GAL) binding sites in membranes from the ventral hippocampus, midbrain, and rat spinal cord. Receptor autoradiographic studies show that M-15 can displace 125I-GAL from all labeled sites. M-15 acts as a reversible high-affinity antagonist in blocking the inhibitory effects of GAL on the evoked release of acetylcholine in vivo in the hippocampus and on the GAL-induced hyperpolarization of locus coeruleus neurons in slices. M-15 also blocks the facilitatory effects of GAL on the spinal flexor reflex. Thus, the chimeric peptide M-15 [GAL-(1-13)-substance P-(5-11)amide] represents the first antagonist to the neuronal actions of GAL.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

High level expression of functional full length and truncated glucocorticoid receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Demonstration of ligand-induced down-regulation of expressed receptor mRNA and protein.

Full length human glucocorticoid receptor and truncated receptor derivatives lacking the major amino-terminal trans-activating domain were expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The receptors were co-expressed together with human metallothionein IIa, and the expression levels were amplified in the presence of increasing concentrations of metal. In amplified cells, both synthesized receptor forms showed the expected molecular weights, as assayed by affinity labeling and immunoblotting. They were expressed at concentrations of about 350,000-520,000 molecules/cell which corresponds to a 10-fold increase in receptor levels as compared to rat liver cells. The hormone (agonist or antagonist) binding properties of the expressed proteins were very similar to those characteristic of authentic glucocorticoid receptors in tissues or cultured cells. Moreover, the expressed proteins specifically recognized a glucocorticoid-response element sequence motif in in vitro protein-DNA binding experiments. The activation of a glucocorticoid-responsive reporter gene by the expressed full length receptor was dramatic (about 75-fold) and strictly ligand-dependent. In contrast, the expressed amino-terminal deletion mutant exhibited considerably weaker functional activity but showed normal hormone-binding properties. Upon exposure to dexamethasone in vivo, the expressed receptor mRNAs and proteins were down-regulated about 2- to 6-fold, indicating that regulatory signals important for autoregulation may be contained within structures corresponding to the ligand and DNA-binding domains. Transcription from the expression vector was not negatively regulated from the hormone, strongly arguing that receptor down-regulation was due to a post-transcriptional mechanism. In conclusion, this expression system should be a useful tool for further structural and functional studies of the receptor, including the biochemistry of its activation from a cryptic to a functional species, and its ligand-dependent autoregulation.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1991

Synthesis of the trisaccharide, 2-(p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)ethyl O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-2-acet amido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside, corresponding to the blood group P1 determinant.

The 2-(p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)ethyl beta-glycoside of the P1 antigen trisaccharide, O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-2- acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, was synthesized. Thioglycoside intermediates were used as building blocks.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Facial fracture protection criteria for the Hybrid III load sensing face.

A method for establishing protection criteria for the Hybrid III load sensing face has been developed. Impactor PMTO (Post Mortem Test Object) tests described by Welbourne, Ramet, and Zabreski (1989) were repeated with a Hybrid III dummy equipped with the load sensing face. The probability function for PMTO nasal fracture based on energy was used as a basis to determine protection criteria for nasal fracture measured by the load sensing face.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Premenstrual tension: a placebo-controlled efficacy study with spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Forty-three healthy women with a characteristic history of premenstrual tension participated in a placebo controlled, crossover study. The effects of spironolactone (Aldactone) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Gestapuran) on ten symptoms of premenstrual tension were evaluated. Placebo tablets as well as spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate significantly improved a mood index score (which is a generally accepted method to measure premenstrual symptoms). Spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate were however both significantly (P less than 0.05) better than placebo in relieving the symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Image operations in quantification of atherosclerosis from digitized angiograms.

This report describes a method of quantifying the inner volume (lumen volume) of a contrast medium-filled femoral artery from a roentgenogram by computerized image analysis. The various factors influencing the accuracy of the volume determination are analyzed and an image-processing procedure for the elimination of artifacts due to crossing arteries is described and evaluated. The presented methods have been used in a large study of 281 patients and the short-term reproducibility has been found to be 1.00.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and endometrial effects of oestradiol and progesterone in post-menopausal women.

This study reports the clinical effects in a group of post-menopausal women after 4 months of treatment with 2 mg micronized 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) in combination with different doses of micronized progesterone (50, 100 or 200 mg) for 25 days each month. The 30 participants were divided into three groups. All of the subjects tolerated the preparation well and obtained relief from their climacteric complaints. None dropped out because of side effects and no changes were observed in blood pressure, weight or Papanicolaou cytology. Breakthrough bleeding was noted in the first cycle, mainly in the group receiving the lowest dose of progesterone. Endometrial biopsies performed before and after 4 months of treatment showed an atrophic endometrium in most of the women who received 100 mg progesterone and in all of the women on 200 mg progesterone. The results showed that this new combination of 2 mg E2 and micronized progesterone in different doses was both effective and well accepted.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High level expression of functional full length human thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus.

We have cloned the human thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 (hThR beta) from the human breast cancer cell line T47D using the PCR technique. A recombinant baculovirus transfer vector pVL1392/hThR beta was constructed and the full length receptor was expressed in the insect cell line Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9). Approx. 10-15 x 10(6) receptors are expressed/cell which implies a production level of 2.5-4.0 mg hThR beta/l of cell culture. The expressed hThR beta displayed a single class of binding sites for T3 with high affinity. Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody indicated that the molecular weight of the baculovirus expressed receptor is approx. 50 kDa. Crude nuclear extract of hThR beta labeled with [125I]T3 sedimented as a 4 S peak on a glycerol gradient. No receptor could be detected in the cytoplasm indicating its proper translocation to the nuclear compartment. An oligonucleotide containing a palindromic thyroid hormone response element is specifically recognized and retarded in a gel-mobility-shift assay in the presence of nuclear extract of Sf9 cells expressing hThR beta. These data suggest that hThR beta expressed in Sf9 cells is functional and displays characteristics virtually indistinguishable from those of the thyroid hormone receptor (ThR) extracted from mammalian cells. Furthermore, the data indicate that the baculovirus expression system is adequate for large-scale production of receptor for detailed structural and functional studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Gut blood flow in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus.

Simultaneous recordings of blood flow in the right and left aorta and carotid and coeliac artery were made in the crocodile, Crocodylus porosus at rest and during various stimuli. In resting animals the right aorta and carotid artery flow profiles resembled the recordings obtained in the caiman (Axelsson et al. 1989a), with an anterograde blood flow throughout the cardiac cycle. As in the caiman, the left aorta flow profile was complex with both anterograde and retrograde blood flow during the cardiac cycle, and a net left aorta blood flow near zero at rest. The coeliac artery blood flow profile did not show the complex pattern seen in the upper aorta, immediately suggesting that most of the coeliac artery blood originates elsewhere. We believe that coeliac artery blood flow in the resting animal derives from the right aorta via the abdominal anastomosis between the two aortas. Feeding induced an increase in the coeliac artery and left aorta blood flow, probably due to a decrease in visceral vascular resistance, and hence coeliac arterial and the left aorta blood pressure, which facilitates blood flow (from right to left aorta) through the foramen of Panizza. During short 'fright dives', heart rate fell and there was a decrease in the recorded blood flows: carotid artery blood flow did not decrease to the same extent as the RAo and coeliac artery flow, indicating some capacity for redistribution of blood to the cephalic circuits during diving. Similarly, a near-unimpaired carotid artery blood flow was maintained after adrenaline injection. Substance P increased the coeliac artery blood flow and produced a right-to-left cardiac shunt, probably by construction of the pulmonary vasculature.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1991

Sonographic dating of pregnancies among women with menstrual irregularities.

In order to study the benefit of sonographic dating, 277 women with irregular periods and 264 women with a scanty last bleeding had gestational age and estimated day of delivery (EDD) estimated from both last menstrual period (LMP) and measurement of fetal Biparietal Diameter (BPD) in the second trimester. For the women with irregular periods, the two estimates differed by more than 7 days for 51.6%, and more than 14 days for 25.6%. Corresponding figures for women with a scanty last bleeding were 44.3% and 21.6%, respectively. In general, the BPD estimates were better than the LMP estimates (P = less than 0.001) in predicting day of delivery, especially when the differences between the estimates exceeded 7 days. For women with irregular periods, post-term pregnancies decreased, from 20.2% according to the LMP estimate to 2.5% according to the BPD estimate. Corresponding figures for women with a scanty last bleeding were 16.7% and 4.5%, respectively. According to the LMP estimate, 64.8% of the women with irregular periods and 69.3% of the women with a scanty last bleeding gave birth within +/- 14 days of EDD. Corresponding figures for the BPD estimate were 83.6% and 88.3%, respectively. The conclusion is that sonographic dating of pregnancies among women with irregular periods and women with a scanty last bleeding substantially improve the accuracy of term prediction.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1991

In situ expression of mRNA for proto-oncogenes in benign prostatic hyperplasia and in prostatic carcinoma.

Nine cases of prostatic carcinoma and 5 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were examined for the in vivo expression of mRNA by an in situ hybridization technique for cellular proto-oncogenes, c-myc, c-fos, and c-sis. The latter of which encodes the B-chain of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). High levels of c-myc and c-sis mRNAs were demonstrated in one highly differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Signals were localized in epithelial cells, both in packed cancer cells and in benign hyperplastic cells with glandular differentiation. A lower level of c-fos mRNA was also detected in the same areas. Four other carcinoma specimens showed c-sis mRNA, three of which also expressed c-fos mRNA. One other carcinoma expressed only c-myc mRNA. Three BPH specimens also contained c-sis and c-fos mRNA with one also exhibiting c-myc mRNA in the glandular epithelial cells. The results support the possibility that local production of growth factors, i.e. PDGF, may play a role in proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells.

Genes, myc↗
PubMed1991

Early clinical stages of nonseminomatous testis cancer. Evaluation of the primary treatment and follow-up procedures of the SWENOTECA project.

During a 5-year period, 588 consecutive patients with nonseminomatous testicular germ cell cancer were included by 16 hospitals into the Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Project (SWENOTECA). A total of 370 (63%) had early clinical stages (CS1, CS1Mk+ and CS2A), and 345 (93%) of these patients underwent pathological staging (PS) by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). The overall clinical staging accuracy was 75%, with no significant difference between hospitals with low, medium or high patient accrual rate. Addition of bipedal lymphography did not improve the clinical staging accuracy compared to evaluation of the retroperitoneum by CT alone. Tumor serum markers before and close monitoring of the levels after orchiectomy gave valuable information regarding risk of retroperitoneal metastases. After a median follow-up period of 5 years 30 (13.8%) of 217 patients with PS1 disease relapsed, only 3 of them later than 18 months from the RPLND. Short orchiectomy to RPLND time interval, vascular invasion and absence of teratoma elements in the primary tumour were significant predictors of relapse in PS1 cases according to multivariate analysis. Unilateral RPLND was not associated with higher relapse rate than a bilateral procedure, but significantly reduced the risk of dry ejaculation after RPLND. None out of 122 PS2 patients who received adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy after RPLND relapsed, despite the fact that 37 of them had only undergone a unilateral RPLND. Repeated CT examinations and most routine blood tests except serum alpha foeto protein (AFP), beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) may safely be omitted in the follow-up period for patients who have been pathologically staged with RPLND, provided that effective adjuvant chemotherapy has been given to the PS2 patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗