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Biomedical subjects

S Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to S Nelson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Fatal hemoptysis in acute bacterial endocarditis.

Massive hemoptysis is a rare complication of bacterial endocarditis. When seen, it is most often due to septic pulmonary emboli with infarction or rupture of a mycotic aneurysm of the pulmonary artery; these conditions are usually associated with endocarditis of the tricuspid valve. We report a case of fatal hemorrhage into the lung from a mycotic aneurysm of the subclavian artery, which eroded into the left upper lobe; this condition arose as a sequela of staphylococcal endocarditis involving the mitral valve.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Endotoxin-induced suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses against Staphylococcus aureus.

In order to evaluate the effect of endotoxin on lung host defenses, Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with either placebo or 5 mg/kg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide B. Two hours after treatment, animals were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus by either low dose aerosol inhalation or high dose intratracheal instillation of the bacteria into the lungs. Quantitative lung bacteriologic examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for total and differential cell counts were performed immediately (zero hour) and at 4 h after bacterial challenge. Lung phagocytic defenses against aerosolized S. aureus challenges are provided solely by the alveolar macrophage (AM) in the absence of inflammation. In aerosol-challenged control rats, 20.6 +/- 2.0% of the initial deposited bacterial challenge remained viable in the lung at 4 h. Animals pretreated with endotoxin, however, showed a significant decrease in pulmonary bactericidal activity (31.3 +/- 3.4% bacteria remaining at 4 h), indicating a defect in alveolar macrophage (AM) function. Further assessment of the bactericidal oxidative metabolism of endotoxin-treated AM by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence indicated an increased production of free radical oxygen species when compared with control nontreated cells in both the unstimulated (66 +/- 4 versus 38 +/- 7 x 10(3) cpm in control) and stimulated (250.5 +/- 17.1 versus 147.1 +/- 6.2 x 10(3) cpm in control) states. Total and differential cell counts in both control and endotoxin-treated aerosol-challenged rats were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aerosols↗
PubMed1988

Detection of neonatal hypoglycemia--a comparison of three reagent strips.

This article reports two studies that replicate previous investigations of the effectiveness of Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix and Visidex for making nursing assessments of hypoglycemia in the newborn. The article also describes a third study that combines results of the first two studies with results of previous studies in the literature in an attempt to improve the reliability and validity of the findings. In the first study, 102 blood samples were tested using either Chemstrip bG or Dextrostix and then compared with laboratory blood glucose levels. Because of the small number of hypoglycemic samples, a second study was devised in which six samples of cord blood were artificially titrated to known levels of glucose. In this study, Visidex as well as Chemstrip bG and Dextrostix were used. Eighty-five percent, 50 percent and 90.4 percent of the hypoglycemic samples were detected by Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix and Visidex, respectively. Data available in the literature from previous studies investigating the same question were then compiled and analyzed. The composite sample of 402 infants for Dextrostix and 484 for Chemstrip bG resulted in the finding that less than half of the hypoglycemic infants tested with Dextrostix were detected whereas Chemstrip bG detected 90 percent of them. The conclusion reached is that both Chemstrip bG and Visidex can be considered adequate screening techniques for nursing assessment of hypoglycemia in the newborn, while visually read Dextrostix is unacceptable in clinical practice.

Blood Glucose↗