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Biomedical subjects

S Navarro

Publications and source records attributed to S Navarro.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Persistence of the mixture of chlorfenvinphos and cypermethrin (Survan) in citrus fruits.

The Survan (a mixture of the insecticides chlorfenvinphos and cypermethrin) persistence in lemon citrus fruits, verna variety, is studied. In all the cases, residues of both compounds have been detected in the juices of the fruits treated. When the mixture of the insecticides is used at a concentration of 0.20%, the levels of chlorfenvinphos after 14 days is not higher than 0.14 ppm; however, when it is used at a 0.15% concentration, this value is overpassed in all the samples. The residues of the cypermethrin component are not higher than 0.35 ppm throughout the whole experiment.

Chlorfenvinphos↗
PubMed1988

Lipomatosis of the pancreas: an unusual cause of massive steatorrhea.

Fat replacement of the exocrine pancreas is a rare cause of exocrine pancreatic failure. We report two adult patients (a 25-year-old woman and a 63-year-old man) with weight loss and massive steatorrhea in whom abdominal computed tomograms were diagnostic of pancreatic lipomatosis. In both patients, oral pancreatic enzyme replacement in association with cimetidine led to a marked reduction of steatorrhea and weight gain. Pancreatic lipomatosis should be suspected in cases of severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the absence of abdominal pain and diabetes. Computed tomogram scanning should lead to an increasing detection rate of this unusual condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Value of the P3 amylase fraction as an indicator of the long-term prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

The value of the serum P3 amylase fraction in the prediction of the course of acute pancreatitis (AP) after the initial episode was studied prospectively. Eighty-eight patients with AP were included. Amylase, lipase, trypsin and the P3 amylase fraction were measured in serum obtained at the time of discharge. Patients were followed for 60 days after discharge and divided into two groups: 75 patients who did not have complications, of whom 22.6 per cent displayed elevation of one or more pancreatic enzymes at discharge (17.3 per cent hypertrypsinaemia, 9.3 per cent hyperlipasaemia and 6.6 per cent P3 fraction); and 13 patients who had an unsatisfactory outcome (4 died, 4 developed a pseudocyst and 5 presented with recurrent pancreatitis). All of the latter group had an increase in at least one enzyme at the time of discharge (92.3 per cent P3 fraction, 69.2 per cent trypsin, 15.3 per cent lipase, and 7.6 per cent amylase). Both the persistence of the P3 fraction and hypertrypsinaemia were significantly more frequent in patients with an unfavourable outcome than in those with an uncomplicated course (P less than 0.001). On the other hand, persistent elevation of total amylase and lipase were unrelated to outcome. The hospitalization time was similar in both groups (good outcome 21.4 +/- 1.9 days, unfavourable outcome 17.3 +/- 5.3 days). It is concluded that the presence of P3 amylase fraction or hypertrypsinaemia at the time of discharge from hospital in a patient with acute pancreatitis suggests a risk of a later complication. Careful surveillance until enzyme levels become normal is urged. It is suggested that isoamylase P3 determination is the most sensitive assay to screen for the complications of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Generalized amyloidosis: a rare complication of cystic fibrosis.

A new case of cystic fibrosis complicated with secondary amyloidosis is reported. We reviewed ten cases described up to now in the literature, emphasizing the rarity of this association. The usefulness of serum trypsin concentration as an index of exocrine pancreatic function and the accuracy and simplicity of the abdominal fat biopsy in the histologic diagnosis of amyloidosis were evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reversibility of exocrine pancreatic failure in chronic pancreatitis.

In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the development of exocrine pancreatic failure is generally thought to be an irreversible process. We found evidence to the contrary in a prospective study of 70 patients who were evaluated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sequential measurements of stool fat, percent urinary PABA excretion, and serum trypsin during a follow-up time period of 1-4 yr. Initial p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) testing showed exocrine failure in 51 patients, 35 of whom had low serum trypsin levels while 14 (27%) disclosed unexpectedly high trypsin concentrations. Ductal morphology was similar in patients with low and high trypsin values. In 8 of the latter cases, steatorrhea improved and pancreatic function tests became normal after pancreaticojejunostomy in 4 patients, alcohol abstinence in 3 patients, and spontaneous resolution of a pseudocyst in 1 patient. Pancreatic cancer was present in a further 3 patients. Of the 37 patients with low PABA and low trypsin at the outset, there was no improvement of exocrine function in 17 of 18 who were surgically treated. Conservative treatment had a similar effect in another 6 patients who were available for follow-up in this group. The mean duration of symptomatic disease was shorter (p less than 0.001) in patients with low PABA and high trypsin levels (1.4 +/- 1.2 yr) than in those with low PABA and low trypsin levels (4.5 +/- 1.3 yr). The results show that up to 20% of patients with chronic pancreatitis have exocrine pancreatic failure, which is apparently due to early ductal obstruction of a gland with preserved function; this situation can be suspected when low urinary PABA excretion and high serum trypsin levels are simultaneously found; and (c) exocrine failure may be reversible in these patients by using a pancreatic drainage procedure or alcohol abstinence. Such a peculiar pattern of pancreatic function tests may also suggest pancreatic cancer.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Utility of biliary microscopy for the prediction of the chemical composition of gallstones and the outcome of dissolution therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid.

To learn whether microcrystalline solids in bile could predict gallstone composition, the findings determined by polarizing microscopy of gallbladder bile were related to stone type at cholecystectomy in 53 patients. Cholesterol crystals were present in 36 of 39 cholesterol stone bile and absent in 12 of 14 bile from non-cholesterol stones. Fifteen cholesterol stones (eight radiopaque) contained calcium carbonate, and characteristic vaterite microspheroliths were observed in 53% of their bile. In another study, crystals in basal duodenal bile were related to the outcome of gallstone dissolution treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, 10 mg/kg X day. In 39 patients treated for 1 yr, efficacy (complete gallstone dissolution) was 41% overall and 52% in patients with stones less than or equal to 10 mm in diameter. In connection with the findings of biliary microscopy, efficacy was 93% in 14 patients with cholesterol crystals in bile, and 27% in 11 patients with microspheroliths in bile. Cholecystectomies in 9 patients with dissolution failure revealed 4 cases of non-cholesterol stones and 5 cases (including 3 with on-therapy calcification) of calcium carbonate-rich cholesterol stones with a surface/interior mineral ratio greater than 3. The results confirm that cholesterol crystals in bile are a sensitive measure of cholesterol gallstones. They also show that vaterite microspheroliths in bile indicate the presence of calcium carbonate in gallstones. Both findings suggest that biliary crystals reflect gallstone composition, and it is demonstrated that this information is useful in predicting the success or failure of cholelitholysis with ursodeoxycholic acid. Finally, the data show that radiologically undetectable stone calcification reduces the probability of dissolution, and that the calcified structures appearing in some stones during treatment are composed of calcium carbonate.

Bile↗
PubMed1984

Lipid-protein ratios by infrared spectroscopy.

A method for measuring the ratio of diacyl phospholipid to protein in lipid-protein mixtures and membranes by infrared spectroscopy is described. Samples made of diacyl phospholipid and proteins mixed in known ratios were analyzed for lipid-protein ratio by the infrared (ir) method. Results had a standard deviation of less than +/- 4% over the lipid-protein molar ratio range of 9:1 to 320:1. Calculations of the ratio of total lipid to protein require that the diacyl phospholipid-to-protein ratio be divided by the mole fraction of diacyl phospholipid in the total lipid. Phospholipid-protein ratios for various sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations (R1-washed, octylglucoside purified, deoxycholate treated) were determined by the ir method and compared to literature values. Also, phospholipid-protein ratios were determined for R1-washed sarcoplasmic reticulum by three chemical analyses using different protein assays and were compared with ratios obtained by the infrared method. The infrared results were closest to those of a chemical method designed specifically for membrane proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The glutathione status of Ephestia cautella (Walker) pupae exposed to carbon dioxide.

The exposure of E. cautella pupae, 0-24 hr old, to controlled atmospheres high in carbon dioxide reduces their tissue glutathione levels. If the period of exposure is not too long the levels return to control values after three days. Evidence is presented to show that exposure to CO2 inhibits the biosynthesis of glutathione. The implications of such inhibition at cellular and higher levels are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of fasting, nasogastric suction and cimetidine in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

88 unselected patients with acute pancreatitis entered a randomized clinical trial comparing the therapeutic efficacy of fasting alone, nasogastric suction and fasting plus cimetidine. The disease was mild to moderate in all but 3 cases, and cholelithiasis was the main etiological factor. The number of treatment failures and complications, and the clinical outcome were similar in the three groups. However, when compared to fasting alone, nasogastric suction was shown to delay the resumption of bowel activity a mean of 11 h (p less than 0.05), prolong the duration of pain a mean of 20 h (p less than 0.01), increase analgesic needs (pentazocine lactate) a mean of 64 mg (p less than 0.05), and lengthen hospital stay a mean of 2 days (p = NS). In conclusion, cimetidine has no beneficial effects in acute pancreatitis. It is suggested that fasting alone be initially used as the simpler, safer and more economical therapy. Nasogastric suction should be reserved for patients presenting with intestinal ileus, a situation that occurred in 1 out of every 8 cases in the present series.

Acute Disease↗