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Biomedical subjects

S Nariman

Publications and source records attributed to S Nariman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of mitral valve surgery on static lung function and exercise performance.

Lung function at rest was assessed in 50 patients before and six months after mitral valve surgery. There were small increases in spirometric volumes (FEV1 and vital capacity) with decreases in total lung capacity and residual volume, but no change in carbon monoxide transfer factor or transfer coefficient (KCO). Progressive exercise tests performed before and after operation in 19 of the patients confirmed an improved exercise capacity after surgery. The patients with the greatest symptomatic improvement in breathlessness were also those who achieved the greatest increase in maximum work load and the greatest decrease in ventilation for a given oxygen consumption. Depression of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram and frequent ventricular ectopic beats on exercise remained common after surgery and may have been due to digoxin treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Role of lung scanning in assessing the resectability of bronchial carcinoma.

Ventilation and perfusion lung scans were performed in 58 patients before operation for bronchial carcinoma to determine in which patients the lung scan was most useful for assessing mediastinal spread and resectability of the tumour. Perfusion of the affected lung was less with larger and more centrally situated tumours. Perfusion was also less for left-sided than for right-sided tumours but this is explained by the normal differential perfusion of the right and left lungs. The lung scan was unhelpful in predicting resectability of peripheral tumours, but with central tumours if perfusion of the affected lung was less than 25% of the total perfusion the lesion was likely to be non-resectable because of spread to the mediastinum. Airways obstruction was present in 67% of the patients but did not interfere with the interpretation of the scans. In most cases ventilation scans provided no additional information, and the use of krypton-81 m as a sensitive indicator of regional ventilation did not improve on the predictive value of the perfusion scan.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1983

Dose-response study of inhaled salbutamol powder in chronic airflow obstruction.

Dose-response relationships for salbutamol were studied in eight patients suffering from chronic airflow obstruction with no asthmatic features. Each inhaled, double blind, in randomised order 0, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 micrograms salbutamol on five successive mornings. Before and at intervals up to six hours after the inhalation FEV1, vital capacity, maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow-volume curves, and 12-minute walking distances were measured. Analysis of variance of the results indicated significant dose-response relationships and showed the larger doses to have a longer duration of action. Simple spirometric tests were as useful in providing objective evidence of benefit as maximum inspiratory flows or the 12-minute walking distance.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Nifedipine in the prevention of asthma induced by exercise and histamine.

Eight young men with documented exercise-induced asthma each performed two standard exercise tests and underwent two histamine challenges on separate days after double blind administration of either 20 mg nifedipine or placebo. The response to exercise was assessed by the maximal fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and to inhaled histamine by calculating the dose that produced a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). After premedication with nifedipine, the severity of exercise-induced asthma was significantly reduced (mean percent fall in FEV1, 6%, compared with 24% after placebo) and reactivity to histamine was reduced (geometric mean PC20, 1.68 mg X ml-1, compared with 0.46 mg X ml-1 after placebo). These results imply that nifedipine has a direct action on bronchial smooth muscle contractility but they do not exclude an additional effect on the secretion of chemical mediators from mast cells.

Asthma↗
PubMed1982

Relation between severity of mitral valve disease and results of routine lung function tests in non-smokers.

The effects of mitral valve disease on lung function have been studied in 26 non-smoking patients by relating values for lung volumes and carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) to various indices of cardiac function measured at catheterisation. In general, more severe mitral disease was associated with greater abnormalities of lung function. Reductions of the one-second forced expiratory volume, vital capacity, TLCO and transfer coefficient, and increase in residual volume were all significantly related to the severity of mitral valve disease. In addition, the cardiothoracic ratio, measured radiographically, showed an inverse correlation with both vital capacity and total lung capacity. Although some of the consequences of mitral valve disease on lung function resemble those of primary airway disease, useful distinguishing points are the relative normality of the forced expiratory ratio and the absence of an increase in total lung capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A general practice survey of the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.

An epidemiological survey was carried out at two centres in the north of England (Liverpool and Sunderland). One hundred and twenty patients were included in this survey to determine the relative incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in patients who present to their physician with an acute lower respiratory tract infection. Data were available at the end of the survey in 115 patients. Only one patient had a positive test for M.pneumoniae. There were nine patients who had a positive antibody test for either influenza or para-influenza. Four patients had a positive test for respiratory syncytial viruses. This survey points out the problems in the clinical diagnosis of respiratory infections in general practice.

Adolescent↗