Expression of CD7 antigen precludes t(8;21)(q22;q22) chromosome aberration in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
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Antigens, CD↗
Biomedical subjects
S Nakayama
Publications and source records attributed to S Nakayama.
Basic evaluation of an immunoradiometric competitive inhibition assay for sialosyl-Tn antigen in sera in women. Assay conditions and normal values.
The assay conditions needed for an immunoradiometric competitive inhibition assay of sera in healthy women were studied using the monoclonal antibody TKH2, which is known to recognize specifically sialosyl-alpha 2,6-GalNAc alpha 1-0-serine/threonine (S-Tn) antigen, a mucinous cancer-related antigen. Stable results were obtained with an incubation time of 1.5 hours at room temperature. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.27% and 3.07%, respectively. The mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) levels of serum S-Tn in 602 healthy women was 21.2 U/ml (+/- 8.4 U/ml). Values showed a normal logarithmic distribution. Although slightly higher levels were seen in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women, the differences were not significant. The cutoff value of 41 U/ml was determined from data obtained in 602 healthy women; higher levels were observed in only 2%. Serum S-Tn levels were not strongly influenced by Lewis or ABO (H) blood type, smoking, pregnancy, parturition, or phase of menstrual cycle. The use of the S-Tn antigen as a tumor marker for various gynecologic cancers requires study.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Clinical evaluation of serum sialosyl-Tn antigen levels in comparison with CA 125 levels in gynecologic cancers.
The serum levels of sialosyl-alpha 2,6GalNAc alpha 1-0-serine/threonine (S-Tn) antigen and CA 125 antigen were measured in 205 patients with gynecologic tumors, including 48 ovarian cancers, 20 endometrial cancers, 29 cervical cancers, 57 benign ovarian tumors, 37 uterine leiomyomas, and 14 adenomyosis. Using a cutoff value of 41 U/ml for S-Tn and 35 U/ml for CA 125, positive findings were obtained in ovarian cancers in 31 of 48 (64.6%) patients with S-Tn antigen, and in 36 of 48 (75%) patients with CA 125. In uterine malignancies, positive findings were obtained in 11 of 49 (22.4%) patients and in 8 of 49 (16.3%) patients with the serum S-Tn and CA 125 antigens, respectively. In ovarian benign tumors, false-positive findings with CA 125 were observed in 16 of 57 (28.1%) patients, but with S-TN antigen in only 3 of 57 (5.3%) patients (P less than 0.01). For the ovarian tumors, excluding patients with recurrent disease, the specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of the serum S-Tn antigen level for detecting cancer exceeded that of the serum CA 125. The combined assay of serum S-Tn and CA 125 antigens gave positive results in 38 of 48 (79.2%) patients with ovarian cancers; most of the negative findings were obtained in Stage I disease. A significant decreases in serum S-Tn level was observed after cytoreductive surgery in 14 patients with ovarian cancer (P less than 0.01). Four patients with a subsequent recurrence showed a concomitant rise in serum S-Tn. The cyst fluid and ascitic fluid showed high levels of S-Tn antigen in patients with ovarian cancer, in contrast to findings in patients with benign ovarian tumors. In conclusion, serum S-Tn antigen has limited use in diagnosing early stage ovarian cancer and uterine malignancies, but it can detect with accuracy ovarian cancers when used in a combination assay with CA 125 and can monitor the status of disease after therapy.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Possible mechanism of ruthenium red antagonism of capsaicin-induced action in the isolated guinea pig ileum.
Ruthenium red (3-5 microM) antagonism of the inhibitory effect of capsaicin (1 microM) on the contractile response to mesenteric nerve stimulation in the presence of hexamethonium (50 microM) and guanethidine (2 microM) was reversed significantly by sialic acid (2 mM) or neuraminidase (0.1 U/ml). These results suggested that ruthenium red at low concentrations inhibits the capsaicin-induced desensitization of activated Ca2+ influx into sensory nerves at least in part by binding to sialic acid residues.
Animals↗
Mechanism of skin penetration-enhancing effect by laurocapram.
In order to clarify the mechanism of action of laurocapram (Azone) on the skin permeation of drugs, the following experiments were done. First, the effect of Azone on the skin components was compared with that of other penetration enhancers. Azone markedly fluidized liposomal lipids (as a model lipid system) compared with other enhancers. Ethanol extracted large amounts of the stratum corneum lipids, whereas Azone did not. These results suggest that the effect of Azone on the lipids in the stratum corneum is not the same as that of ethanol. In addition, ethanol increased the amount of free sulfhydryl (SH) group of keratin in the stratum corneum, whereas Azone did not directly affect the stratum corneum protein. Azone increased water content in the stratum corneum, as measured by skin conductance. This effect might be a reason for the action of Azone. For further understanding, the enhancing effects of Azone on the skin permeation of several model compounds (alcohols, sugars, and inorganic ions) were compared with the effects of pretreatment with distilled water, which was thought to increase water-holding capacity, and pretreatment with ethanol, which was thought to affect the lipids and protein in the skin barrier (i.e., stratum corneum). Pretreatment with water or ethanol enhanced skin permeation of hydrophilic compounds, whereas they decreased that of octanol, a hydrophobic compound. The tendency of Azone to increase or decrease the skin permeation rate of most compounds was similar to that of pretreatment with water or ethanol. However, the effect of Azone on the skin permeation of inorganic ions was relatively low, whereas that of pretreatment with water or ethanol was high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alcohols↗
Evolution of EF-hand calcium-modulated proteins. II. Domains of several subfamilies have diverse evolutionary histories.
In the first report in this series we described the relationships and evolution of 152 individual proteins of the EF-hand subfamilies. Here we add 66 additional proteins and define eight (CDC, TPNV, CLNB, LPS, DGK, 1F8, VIS, TCBP) new subfamilies and seven (CAL, SQUD, CDPK, EFH5, TPP, LAV, CRGP) new unique proteins, which we assume represent new subfamilies. The main focus of this study is the classification of individual EF-hand domains. Five subfamilies--calmodulin, troponin C, essential light chain, regulatory light chain, CDC31/caltractin--and three uniques--call, squidulin, and calcium-dependent protein kinase--are congruent in that all evolved from a common four-domain precursor. In contrast calpain and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SARC) each evolved from its own one-domain precursor. The remaining 19 subfamilies and uniques appear to have evolved by translocation and splicing of genes encoding the EF-hand domains that were precursors to the congruent eight and to calpain and to SARC. The rates of evolution of the EF-hand domains are slower following formation of the subfamilies and establishment of their functions. Subfamilies are not readily classified by patterns of calcium coordination, interdomain linker stability, and glycine and proline distribution. There are many homoplasies indicating that similar variants of the EF-hand evolved by independent pathways.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Protective effect of carteolol, a beta-blocker, on myocardial cellular damage in ischemic and reperfused pig hearts: assessment with gated in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy.
To assess the effect of carteolol, a beta-blocker, on ischemia and reperfusion, changes in the ultrastructure of myocytes and energy metabolism were studied by 31P-NMR in 41 pig hearts without collateral circulation. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 20 min and reperfused for 120 min in three groups: seven pigs (group 1, no treatment with carteolol; group 2, pre-ischemia treatment with carteolol (10 micrograms/kg); group 3, post-ischemia treatment with carteolol before reperfusion). Other groups of five pigs were killed after 120 min of ischemia (group 4, no treatment; group 5, pre-ischemia treatment) or 20 min of ischemia (group 6, no treatment; group 7, pre-ischemia treatment). After 20 min of ischemia, ATP was higher in groups 2 (76 +/- 9% of the baseline value) than in group 1 (59 +/- 5%) and group 3 (60 +/- 10%). However, the difference disappeared after 30 min of ischemia. After 120 min of reperfusion, ATP showed much better recovery in group 2 (92 +/- 9%) than in groups 1 (66 +/- 7%) and 3 (68 +/- 10%). Ischemic injury, as viewed by light and electron microscopy, was milder in group 7 than in group 6 after 20 min occlusion, but the myocytes were almost normal after 120 min reperfusion in groups 1 to 3. The heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product showed no significant difference among the groups. These results indicate that pre-ischemia treatment with carteolol provided protection against ischemic cellular injury and accelerated the repletion of ATP during reperfusion, but the post-ischemia treatment did not lead to recovery of ATP. Therefore, the favorable effect during reperfusion of pre-ischemia treatment with carteolol depends on its protective effect during ischemia.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of phospholipid metabolites in ischemic liver.
To assess the metabolic alterations induced by normothermic hepatic ischemia, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis was performed on liver samples using perchloric acid extraction. In particular, phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters, the intermediary metabolites of membrane phospholipid turnover, were characterized precisely and quantitated. Phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine, the precursors of phospholipid anabolism, did not change, while the phosphodiesters decreased. In contrast, alpha-glycerophosphate, which is both a precursor of phospholipid synthesis and the intermediary product of phospholipid degradation, markedly increased following 30 min of normothermic ischemia. These findings suggest that cellular phospholipids are actively degraded during normothermic hepatic ischemia.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Localized, aggregative, and diffuse adherence to HeLa cells, plastic, and human small intestines by Escherichia coli isolated from patients with diarrhea.
Adherence of diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) adherence factor-positive (EAF+) E. coli of EPEC serotypes (class I EPEC) adhered to plastic and human jejunal and ileal mucosa, similar to case and HeLa cells. Localized adherence, elongation of cell microvilli, and "locking" of the bacterial aggregates by the elongated microvilli were evident after incubation for 20 min. EAF+ E. coli adhered strikingly to mucus but rarely to M cells in Peyer's patch-associated epithelium. Most enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) strains adhered to plastic, similar to HeLa cells. Some diffuse-adhering E. coli (DAEC) strains displayed no adherence to plastic but formed "dimples" on HeLa cells. Both EAggEC and DAEC adhered at lower levels to human small intestines (except M cells) than did EAF+ E. coli. In all cases of EAF+ E. coli, EAggEC, and DAEC, strains were found with atypical characteristics. The data demonstrate the unique adherence characteristics of EAF+ E. coli, EAggEC, and DAEC.
Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
Ascending contraction mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptors in canine small intestine.
We investigated the mechanism of ascending contraction induced by activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptors in anesthetized dogs. Pressure-measuring balloons were inserted into a loop of extrinsically denervated jejunum. Drugs were administered via the arterial tree to the oral or the anal segment and the ensuing mechanical responses were monitored. Administration of 2-methyl-5-HT (440 pmol-44 nmol) to the anal segment caused contractions in the oral segment in a dose-dependent manner. This response was inhibited by treating the anal segment with ICS 205-930, cocaine, hexamethonium, or tetrodotoxin and by treating the oral segment with atropine or hexamethonium. The response persisted even after abolition of contraction in the anal segment by nifedipine. These results imply that activation of 5-HT3 receptors can induce an ascending contraction through an enteric excitatory pathway formed by a series of cholinergic interneurons and final cholinergic motor neurons, apart from the anal contraction.
Animals↗
Pharmacokinetics of zonisamide; saturable distribution into human and rat erythrocytes and into rat brain.
The distribution of zonisamide, a new antiepileptic drug, in erythrocytes and in brain was studied to clarify the factors influencing its distribution in epileptic patients. In both humans and rats, zonisamide was concentrated significantly in erythrocytes in a saturable manner. When the effective concentration of zonisamide in serum was compared with that in blood in nine refractory epileptic patients taking zonisamide chronically, the variation in effective serum concentration was significantly larger than that in blood concentration. In rats, the distribution in the brain also showed saturability. These results suggest that differences in saturable binding to various tissues may contribute to the wide variation that occurs in the effective serum concentration of zonisamide in epileptic patients and that monitoring of the blood concentration of zonisamide may provide useful information for treatment with this drug.
Administration, Oral↗
Amino acids and peptides. XXXIII. Synthesis of N-terminal epitope peptides of mammalian metallothioneins (MTs).
In order to determine the fine structure of the mammalian metallothionein (MT) epitope to a monoclonal anti-rat Zn-MT-II antibody (MT 189-14-7), N-terminal peptides of various lengths of mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) were synthesized by a conventional solution method using the newly developed beta-2-adamantylaspartate, and their immunological properties were examined. It was found that the N-terminal acetyl group was indispensable for the reaction with the monoclonal antibody and the N-terminally acetylated pentapeptide, Ac-Met-Asp-Pro-Asn-Cys-OH, was the smallest peptide which exhibited a significant reactivity with the antibody.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Amino acids and peptides. XXXIV. Synthesis of mouse metallothionein I. (1). Synthesis of dotriacontapeptide corresponding to C-terminal sequence 30-61 (alpha-fragment) of mouse metallothionein I and related peptides and examination of their heavy metal-binding properties.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Effects of sino-Japanese herbs in the family Compositae on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats].
The effects of hot water extracts (HWEs) from 15 kinds of Compositae herbs and distanninized fractions (DTFs) from 9 of these herbs on rat hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase (APD) and aniline hydroxylase (ANH) were examined in vitro. The APD activity was inhibited by HWEs from 12 herbs, of which the effect of HWE from Inchinko was remarkable. Inhibitory effects of DTFs from Inchinko, Gaiyo, Kantoka, Sojustu and Byakujutsu on the APD activity were smaller, if any, than those of the corresponding HWEs, whereas DTF from Koka enhanced the activity of APD. The ANH activity was inhibited by HWEs from 11 herbs. HWEs from Inchinko, Gaiyo and Senpukuka increased the ANH activity, whereas the DTFs from them caused inhibition. The inhibitory effect of DTF from Shion on the ANH activity was smaller than that of the corresponding HWE, but the effects of DTFs from Koka, Byakujutsu, Sojutsu and Mokko were larger than those of the respective HWEs. LPO was inhibited by HWEs from 14 herbs, of which the HWEs from Inchinko, Gaiyo, Kantoka, Koka and Mokko caused marked inhibitions. Except in the case of Shion, the inhibitory effects of DTFs on LPO were smaller than those of the corresponding HWEs, whereas DTF from Koka still showed a marked inhibition. In the present experiments, it is suggested that Inchinko, Gaiyo, Koka, Kikuka, Senpukuka, Byakujutsu, Sojutsu and Mokko, which showed remarkable effects on LPO and the activities of APD and ANH, might also exert their effects in vivo.
Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
[Effects of Sino-Japanese herbs in the family Umbelliferae on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats].
Eight kinds of hot water extracts (HWE) and 2 kinds of distanninized fractions (DTF) from Umbelliferae herbs were prepared. The effects of HWE and DTF on rat hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), aminopyrine N-demethylase (APD) and aniline hydroxylase (ANH) activities were examined in vitro. The APD activity was inhibited by HWE, DTF from Byakushi and HWE from Uikyo, Zenko, Toki, Senkyu, Bofu and Saiko, respectively, whereas DTF from Uikyo caused no significant effect. The ANH activity was inhibited by HWE, DTF from Byakushi, Uikyo and HWE from Bofu, Zenko, Hokushajin and Toki, respectively. LPO was inhibited by HWE from Zenko, Byakushi and Senkyu, but increased by Saiko, Uikyo, Bofu and Hokushajin. The results of Uikyo DTF suggests that the components of Uikyo that altered the activity of APD and ANH are different respectively. Marked inhibitions on the activity of APD and ANH caused by Byakushi indicate that Byakushi might affect the activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in vivo.
Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
[Anti-atherogenic effect of NIP-200 on the experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits].
The anti-atherogenic effect of NIP-200 3,5-dimethyl-4,6-diphenyl-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione ) was studied in experimental models of 1% cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits. Interference with growth of the animals did not occur in NIP-200-treated rabbits. NIP-200 had no effect on plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, free cholesterol and phospholipid during the entire experimental period. However, NIP-200 increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, although the average rate of increase was not statistically significant. Percentage surface areas of atherosclerotic lesions on the aorta in NIP-200-treated rabbits (26 +/- 6%) was significantly lower than those in HCD-fed rabbits (48 +/- 8%) (P less than 0.05). Histological studies indicated that NIP-200 prevented intimal thickening, proliferation of elastic fibers and fatty necrosis. Thus, NIP-200 prevented the progression of atherosclerosis without affecting the serum TC. The above results suggest that the improvement of lipoprotein metabolism on the arterial wall and the prevention of migration and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells may also be important factors in the progression of atherosclerosis.
Animals↗
Possibility of allergic reaction to dentin primer--application on the skin of guinea pigs.
We studied the allergic reaction of guinea pigs to glyceryl methacrylate (GM), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and meso-erythritol methacrylate (EM), which are used as dentin primers. On the 18th day of the application test, when macroscopic investigation revealed an inflammatory reaction, the methacrylic acid-treated group showed marked eschar formation in comparison with the control group. In each of the dentin primer groups, a slight degree of skin redness was noted, but there were no serious symptoms. On the 25th day, the applications were resumed macroscopic inspection on the 32nd day found eschar in the methacrylic acid group only. Therefore, this experiment with dentin primers suggests a delayed allergic reaction. Local irritability test showed a more severe reaction than the application test. In this test, all experimental dentin primers and methacrylic solution promptly showed inflammation, and the chemical compound, methacrylic acid was a factor in inflammation.
Animals↗
Re-evaluation of death by asphyxia based on cerebral blood flow (VII)--on the information on electric potentials obtained from deep electroencephalographic electrodes.
The author presents electroencephalographic patterns (a physiological parameter of the brain function observed at rapid and fatal drowning of rabbits), cerebral blood flow (CBF) which support the physiological activities of the brain, and the relationship between systemic respiration and circulation with special reference to changes in the electrical potentials detected by deep electroencephalographic electrodes. The possibility of diagnosis of fatal drowning is examined, based on the results.
Action Potentials↗