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Biomedical subjects

S Nakaya

Publications and source records attributed to S Nakaya.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Mechanisms of absorption of inorganic mercury from rat small intestine. II. Composite effects of pH and halide ions on transport of mercuric chloride into isolated brush border membrane vesicles in rats.

Composite effects of pH and halide ions on the transport of HgCl2 into brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were investigated in rats. BBMV were incubated for 10 min. in buffer solution at different pH containing 10(-4) M HgCl2. The increase in pH increased the uptake of Hg by BBMV as a result of the increase in transport of Hg into intravesicular space and decrease in binding of Hg to BBMV. The isotonic displacement of NaCl in the buffer solution by LiCl or KCl did not change the uptake of Hg at each pH. The displacement of NaCl by mannitol increased the uptake of Hg at each pH, while the displacement by NaBr or NaI decreased the uptake and diminished the increasing effect of pH on the uptake of Hg. These changes in uptake of Hg due to the displacement were mainly ascribed to the changes in transport of Hg. These results suggest that the increase in pH mainly increases the transport of HgCl2 as a result of the conversion to hydroxide forms of Hg such as Hg(OH)Cl and Hg(OH)2, and Cl- Br- and I- act as the competing ions with OH- and decrease the transport of Hg.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Quality of life after resection of the stomach].

The quality of life after operation was analyzed using a questionnaire from 283 patients who received gastrectomy between 1972 and 1983 at Kobe University Hospital. Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Dunn's multiple comparison analysis were used to analyze multiple factors consisting of background, therapeutic and prognostic factors when the level of social activity is considered as the final evaluation. Categorical principle component analysis was used to examine the relationship among each factor and to verify the former results. The background factors played an important role for the outcome (i.e., longer survivors and/or patients with beign disease had better outcomes and patients over 60 years and/or with body weight less than 50kg had worse outcomes). In the analysis of therapeutic factors, it was suspected that suitable resection under suitable curability and/or suitable reconstruction method in the total resection of the stomach contributed to a better outcome. Also, therapeutic control of diarrhea after gastrectomy was suspected as being important among the many prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastrointestinal absorption of inorganic mercuric compounds in vitro.

Effects of intraluminal pH on the intestinal absorption and tissue binding of HgCl2 and HgO were studied in the everted sac of rat small intestine. The sac was incubated in media containing HgCl2 or HgO (10(-5 M] at different pH values. With an increase in pH, the uptake of HgCl2 in the intestinal tissue decreased and the transport of HgCl2 through the tissue increased. Similar pH dependence was observed in the uptake of HgO. The transport of HgCl2 seemed to be correlated with mercury bound to a protein (molecular weight between 440,000 and 669,000) and to be inversely correlated with that bound to intestinal metallothionein. These results suggest that the increase of intraluminal pH promotes the absorption of HgCl2 accompanied by a change in the binding of HgCl2 to the everted tissue sac.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

[Diastolic left ventricular pressure-mitral valve flow velocity curve: influence of heart rate change induced by atrial pacing].

To assess the left ventricular (LV) diastolic properties, the influence of heart rate change induced by atrial pacing on LV pressure-mitral valve (MV) flow velocity curves was studied. Simultaneous recording of MV flow velocity using pulsed Doppler echocardiography and LV pressure via a catheter-tip micromanometer was performed in 12 cases with past history of Kawasaki disease. Heart rates were increased in gradations of 10 beats from rest to 180 beat/min, or to the time when A-V block occurred. Diastolic LV pressures and MV flow velocities were plotted manually every 10 msec to establish pressure-velocity relationships at each heart rate. The relationship of LV pressure and MV flow velocity was non-linear, and formed a loop. At rest, this loop showed counterclockwise rotation (CCR) in all cases. By increasing heart rate, rotation changed from CCR to clockwise rotation (CR), except in two cases. With much greater increase in heart rate, CCR reappeared in five cases (second CCR). CCR may indicate that the increment of MV flow is smaller than the fall in LV pressure in the early diastolic filling period, suggesting the existence of inflow resistance. This is thought to be physiologic, and it is suspected that it is produced mainly by the MV and subvalvular structures. CR indicates that the MV flow velocity increases more rapidly than the fall in LV pressure, demonstrating that the resistance to inflow is reduced by increasing heart rate, and the increment of left atrial (LA) driving pressure plays a main role. In a case with simultaneous recording of LA and LV pressures, LA pressure became elevated and the LA-LV pressure gradient increased with an increasing heart rate. This suggests that the increment of LA pressure relates to a decrease of inflow resistance. The second CCR suggests that a resistance is produced beyond a capacity to compensate for elevated LA pressure. It can be speculated that this resistance is related to visco-elasticity of the LV, in addition to the MV and subvalvular structures.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1986

[Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic estimation of pressure gradient across a ventricular septal defect: with particular reference to potential factors of error].

The clinical validity and some problems concerning pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PD) in non-invasive estimates of pressure difference (delta P) across a ventricular septal defect were studied. The maximum velocity (max V) of the left to right shunt flow in the right ventricle was converted to delta P using the simplified Bernoulli equation: delta P = 4V2. We also used the equation: delta P = 4(V2(2) - V1(2)) to estimate the delta P in cases who had left to right shunt flows of high velocity in the left ventricle. Simulatenous recordings of both left and right ventricular pressures and PD were obtained during cardiac catheterization of 11 cases. Accurate Doppler estimates of delta P only from the maximum velocity of the left to right shunt flow in the right ventricle were impossible in nine cases whose actual delta P's were large (more than 41 mmHg) and also in eight cases whose right ventricular systolic pressure was high (either equal to or higher than left ventricular systolic pressure). Besides these 17 cases, delta P estimated by PD using the simplified Bernoulli equation in 39 cases, with pansystolic left to right shunt flows in the right ventricle, correlated well with the actually measured delta P (Y = 0.99X + 2.77, r = 0.91, p less than 0.01). The difference in the maximal instantaneous pressure gradient and Doppler delta P was considered insignificant (between 0 and 7 mmHg, mean 4 mmHg). In nine cases, the left to right shunt flows of relatively high speed (0.63 approximately 2.00 m/sec, mean 1.31 m/sec) were observed also in the left ventricle, and calculated delta P using the simplified Bernoulli equation overestimated the actually measured delta P by 2 to 16 mmHg (Y = 1.52X + 4.88, r = 0.95, p less than 0.01). However, if the delta P is estimated by using the equation, delta P = 4(V2(2) - V1(2)), without ignoring the maximum speed in the left ventricle (V1), it correlates well with the actually measured delta P (Y = 1.07X + 0.76, r = 0.98, p less than 0.01). Thus, in cases with left to right shunt flows with high speeds in the left ventricle, the equation: delta P = 4(V2(2) - V1(2)) was more accurate in estimating the delta P by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

[Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for gastric cancer in surgery. Comparative study of 2 and 4 times daily administrations of cefotiam].

Comparative study of prophylaxis with cefotiam (CTM) was carried out in 47 patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. The patients were randomized in 2 treatment groups. The first group A received a single intravenous drip dose of 0.5 g CTM, given 4 times daily for 5 days after surgery. The second group B received a single intravenous drip dose of 1 g CTM, given twice daily for 5 days. Postoperative infections occurred in 8.7% (2/23) of the patients receiving CTM in group A, and in group B 8.3% (2/24). The number of infections was similar in both groups of patients. Prophylactic efficacy of CTM has also been evaluated in fever index of A and B groups. Fever index was 16.36 +/- 4.00 degree hours in A group, and in B group 7.91 +/- 2.30 degree hours, respectively. The difference between the 2 groups are statistically significant tendency. A single dose of 1 g CTM, given twice daily for 5 days, provide effective prophylaxis against infections in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. CTM can be recommended for surgical prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Hormonal and functional changes and the quality of life in the late phase after gastric surgery for cancer].

The effects of gastrectomies and those reconstructions for gastric cancer on gut hormone release, GI tract transit time, RISA absorption test and triolein digestion and absorption test were investigated clinically. The patient's quality of life was evaluated by the reconstructive methods. In the cardiectomy type, gut hormone response was markedly increased. The transit time was significantly shortened. In the Billroth I and the interposition types, gut hormone response was slightly decreased. The transit time was normal. In the Billroth II and the Roux-en-Y types, gut hormone response was decreased. The transit time was prolonged. Serum glucose was markedly increased in the Roux-en-Y type. Absorption in protein was depressed in Billroth II and that in fat in Roux-en-Y. Quality of life was best in Billroth I, Billroth II, interposition, Roux-en-Y and cardiectomy in descending order. Postoperative changes of gut hormones and metabolism and the quality of life are influenced by the type of reconstructive procedure. For this reason, for the surgical treatment of cancer of the stomach, it would seem that partial, not total, gastrectomy is more appropriate if meeting the conditions of radical cancer treatment. Moreover, it seems to be indicated that a reconstructive procedure which allows food to pass through the duodenum is the procedure to choose.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1984

Gastrointestinal absorption of inorganic mercuric compounds in vivo and in situ.

The absorption of inorganic mercury in rats was studied by using ligated gastrointestinal segments and perfusion of small intestine. Poorly soluble mercuric oxide (HgO) as well as mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was absorbed from the ligated segments in the following order: duodenum greater than stomach = jejunum = ileum. The ligation of bile duct decreased the duodenal absorption of HgCl2, while no change was observed in that of HgO. In the bile duct-ligated rats, the coadministration of bile increased the absorption of HgCl2 compared to that in rats without the ligation. The absorption of HgCl2 was increased with an increase of pH of the solution perfused into small intestine. These results suggest that the alkalinity of bile promotes the absorption of HgCl2.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Surgical use of fluosol-DA in Jehovah's Witness patients.

The effects of Fluosol-DA 20% on circulating blood cells, hemodynamic parameters, blood gases, and organs are described and compared with the results of phase I human studies and animal experiments. Bleeding of preoperative anemia and/or surgical bleeding, Fluosol-DA 20% was administered to 7 of 10 Jehovah's Witness patients treated in this hospital. Six received 1,000 ml and the seventh received 2,000 ml. Hematological changes were examined after the administration of a 1-ml test dose and at early and late stages of Fluosol-DA 20% administration. Hemodynamics and blood gases were measured before and after infusion of Fluosol-DA 20%. Hepatic function was also determined. A drop in neutrophils and platelets was observed in some patients after the injection of a 1-ml test dose. This transient reaction was of short term, and the neutrophil and platelet levels recovered spontaneously. Both the efficacy and the safety of Fluosol-DA 20% were demonstrated in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Keypoints and compositions of total parenteral nutrition for patients with low glucose tolerance levels].

Management of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in depressed glucose metabolism was investigated clinically and experimentally in view of insulin control and/or new component of carbohydrate solution. Fifty TPN cases out of 837 for 9 years were successfully performed insulin control, while 17 patients were unable to get sufficient calory in spite of insulin administration. Cumulative expired CO2 after injection of radioactive carbohydrate in rats showed that each carbohydrate was utilized in the order of glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol and xylitol even in depressed glucose metabolism and that depressed carbohydrate metabolism was improved by adequate insulin injection. Combined use of glucose, fructose and xylitol at 4:2:1 (GFX) was was experimentally revealed to be superior to glucose alone as carbohydrate source of TPN in depressed glucose metabolism. Compared with conventional TPN (C-TPN), GFX-TPN showed lower blood glucose and insulin level in rabbits of sepsis and rats of streptozotocin diabetes. Contents of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate and triglyceride and activities of fructose 6 phosphate 2 kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase in liver of these animals supported that GFX had favourable effects on glucose and fat utilization in depressed glucose Blood glucose of early postoperative patients was lower in GFX-TPN than in C-TPN.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Subcostal 2-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of peripheral left coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease.

Our previous study provided a new 2-dimensional echocardiographic technique to detect peripheral right coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease, with use of the subcostal approach. An additional study was performed to detect peripheral left coronary artery aneurysms. Because the left anterior descending artery runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left circumflex artery along the mitral valve ring, these regions were searched for coronary aneurysms by use of the subcostal imaging approach. Among 143 patients with Kawasaki disease, 44 left coronary aneurysms were visualized in 22 patients. Three aneurysms at the origin of the obtuse marginal artery and 1 in the further peripheral site of the left circumflex artery were observed in 3 patients. Two aneurysms at the origin of the second diagonal branch of the peripheral left anterior descending artery were detected. These echocardiographic studies were done prospectively, and their features coincided well in size, shape, and anatomic location with confirmatory angiographic appearances.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1983

[Visualization of peripheral left coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease by subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography].

Our previous study provided a new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for detecting peripheral "right" coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease using a subcostal approach. In the present paper, we presented an additional study for detecting peripheral "left" coronary artery aneurysms. Because the left anterior descending artery runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left circumflex artery around the mitral valve ring, both coronary regions are difficult to search by a conventional method. Then coronary aneurysms of these regions were searched using the subcostal approach in this study. First, the sector beam was directed toward the heart on a plane parallel to a line between the patient's shoulders which allowed simultaneous visualization of four chambers (P1). The area around the mitral valve ring in this plane was examined for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left circumflex artery. Secondary, the beam section was positioned parallel to the line cutting both the long axes of the sternum and spinal column which allowed visualization of the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valves, interventricular septum, mitral valves and left atrium (P2). Thirdly, the sector plane was angled to the left (P3), and still more to the left (P4) until the left atrium just disappeared. By scanning from P2 to P4, the area around the mitral valve ring was examined for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left circumflex artery. By scanning from P4 to the cardiac apex (P5), the anterior interventricular sulcus was searched for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left anterior descending artery. Of 143 patients with Kawasaki disease, aged two months to 8 years, 7 peripheral left coronary aneurysms were visualized in five patients. These were three aneurysms in the left circumflex artery at the origin of the obtuse marginal artery, two aneurysms in segment 13, and two aneurysms in the left anterior descending artery at the origin of the second diagonal branch. These echocardiographic features coincided well in size, shape and anatomic location with angiographic appearances. In one patient whose echocardiogram in sector P2 showed a small echo-free space (2 X 2 mm) at the area around the mitral valve ring, the angiographic study showed the intact left circumflex artery, suggesting that there was a limitation to distinguish a very small coronary aneurysm from a normal one. There was no false negative diagnosis. These results showed that this new echocardiographic technique is useful for detecting peripheral left coronary aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Aneurysm↗