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Biomedical subjects

S Nakata

Publications and source records attributed to S Nakata.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Autologous blood transfusion in surgery of urologic malignant tumor].

BACKGROUND: Autologous blood transfusion has been widely endorsed, because of the adverse effects attributed to homologous blood transfusion. So we employed autologous blood transfusion to avoid homologous blood transfusion in operation of urological malignant patients. We reviewed our experience with autologous blood transfusion in 48 patients. METHODS: A total of 48 patients underwent operation with 400 to 1,200 ml preoperative autologous blood donation, in 41 patients with administration of erythropoietin and 7 patients without erythropoietin. The details of operations are radical nephrectomy in 18 cases (2 cases were bilateral), radical nephro-ureterectomy in 2 cases, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in 2 cases, radical prostatectomy in 12 cases and radical cystectomy in 14 cases. RESULTS: The volume of surgical blood loss were 381 +/- 522 ml in nephrectomy (1,158 +/- 202 ml in bilateral case), 517 +/- 5 ml in radical nephro-ureterectomy 636 +/- 574 ml in RPLND, 665 +/- 291 ml in radical prostatectomy and 1,123 +/- 417 ml in radical cystectomy. Only three cases needed homologous blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: We can avoid homologous blood transfusion in 94% of patients. Autologous blood transfusion is recommended as safe and convenient.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Hereditary prostate cancer].

Familial prostate cancer patients are sometimes encountered. Hereditary prostate cancer is a more specific form of familial prostate cancer that is inherited by a susceptibility gene consistent with Mendelian inheritance. Early age at onset is the most important characteristic. No clear differences in either stage, grade or prognosis have been found between hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer. No susceptibility genes have been isolated yet, but several genes may exist. In Japan, doctors are not generally aware of hereditary and familial prostate cancer. Family history is one of the most important risk factors of prostate cancer. We should make an effort to find prostate cancer patients at an early stage in the high risk families.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical features of multiple primary cancers including prostate cancer].

We analyzed the clinical features of multiple primary cancers (MPCs) that included prostate cancer. MPCs were observed in 93 (15.2%) of the patients suffering from prostate cancer. In the MPC group, the organ most commonly involved was the stomach, followed by bladder, colon and lungs. The median age at diagnosis of the first, second and third cancers was 72, 74, and 75 years old, respectively, and the duration between the first and second cancers (median: 20 months) was longer than that between the second and third cancers (median: 8 months). In the 37 MPC patients whose cause of death was obvious, 29 (78.4%) died of a cancer; prostate cancer was not so common (6 patients) as the cause of death. Age at diagnosis and grade distribution of prostate cancer were not significantly different between the MPC and single primary cancer (SPC) groups. However, the proportion of earlier stage was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the MPC group than in the SPC group, and this trend was more obvious in patients whose prostate cancer was diagnosed as the second cancer. The prostate cancer-specific survival rates were significantly higher in the patients with MPC, and this trend was more obvious in the patients with stage D or moderately differentiated cancer. It is important in the follow up of prostate cancer patients to be aware of the possibility of the occurrence of a second cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical features of influenza in children].

All age groups in a population become ill with fever, respiratory tract involvement and systemic symptoms by influenza A virus. An understanding of the differences in the clinical features of influenza between children and adults may be helpful for the diagnosis and the treatment of influenza in children. This paper summarizes the clinical features and the disease burden of influenza in children, the currently available rapid diagnosis kits for influenza A and B virus, the treatment of influenza A and B infections by anti-influenza medications(amantadine and zanamivir), the prophylaxis of influenza A and B infections by anti-influenza medications and vaccines, and the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Virus vaccines].

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Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiological study of the G serotype distribution of group A rotaviruses in Kenya from 1991 to 1994.

An epidemiological study on the G serotype distribution of group A rotaviruses (GARV) isolated in Kenya was carried out in one urban hospital in Nairobi and in two rural hospitals in Nanyuki and Kitui to clarify the prevalent G serotypes before future introduction of the ready licensed rotavirus vaccine in Kenya. A total of 1,431 stool specimens were collected from children, who were mainly outpatients, aged from 0 to 6 years old with acute gastroenteritis from August 1991 to July 1994. Samples positive for GARV by conventional ELISA were then analyzed by subgrouping and serotyping ELISA and by PAGE. To ascertain the G serotypes of viruses in samples that were unable to be typed by serotyping ELISA, polymerase chain reaction was also attempted. The prevalence of GARV was 28.4% in the urban hospital, 22.5% in Nanyuki, and 13.7% in Kitui. Among rotavirus-positive samples, subgroup II rotaviruses were detected in 63.1%, and subgroup I rotaviruses were 25.9%. Serotype G4 was most prevalent, accounting for 41.6% followed by 23.3% of serotype G1, 17.0% of serotype G2, and serotype G3 was rarely isolated. Seven strains of serotype G8/P1B rotavirus was detected for the first time in Kenya by RT-PCR. Eleven specimens with an unusual composition of subgroup, serotype, and electropherotype were atypical GARV in which the P-serotype was P1A, P1B, or P2. Although uncommon GARV serotype G8/P1B and atypical GARV were detected, the four major GARV serotypes, G1 through G4, should be targeted at this moment for vaccination to control this diarrheal disease in Kenya. Continuous monitoring of the G- and P-serotype distribution of GARV should provide important information about the impact of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Experimental demonstration and simulation of electrochemical non-linear responses to glucose and its interferents with an amperometric sensor.

A novel sensing system based on the multi-dimensional information contained in a dynamic non-linear response is proposed. A sinusoidal potential was applied to an amperometric-type glucose sensor and the resulting current of the sensor was analyzed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The amplitudes of the higher harmonics of FFT characterize the non-linear properties of the response. The amplitudes of the higher harmonics of FFT exhibit characteristic changes which depend on the concentration and the kinetics of the reactions of glucose and its interferents at the sensor surface. The essential features of the current-potential curve were reproduced by a computer simulation based on the kinetics of electrochemical reactions.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed1999

A calculation method for the range of occluding phase at the lower incisal point during chewing movements using the curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion (CMDME).

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for calculating the range of the occluding phase in chewing movements. In this study, we defined 'range' as the distance of the movement at the lower incisal point while the mandible moves with tooth contact. First, mandibular excursions were measured using an opto-electronic movement analysis system, which can measure mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. With use of this measurement data, the curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion (CMDME) previously reported was made. Then, chewing movements were measured using the same analysis system. The movements were separated into their component chewing cycles. Finally, we calculated the distance between each cycle and the CMDME. The occluding range of our subject was 0.4 mm at the closing phase and 3.4 mm at the opening phase. These results suggest that tooth contact occurs during chewing movement and demonstrate that the range of the occluding phase for the opening and closing phases of a subject can be calculated without morphological data from a dental cast.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serotypes of human rotaviruses in 7 regions of Japan from 1984 to 1997.

Human rotavirus (HRV) serotypes were studied from diarrheal stool specimens in children in 7 regions of Japan (Sapporo, Tokyo, Maizuru, Osaka, Kagawa, Kurume, and Saga) from 1984 to 1997 by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies against serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted for analysis of "others" which included nonserotypable and mixed-serotype rotavirus specimens by EIA. In 3756 rotavirus-positive specimens, serotype 1 was detected in 2649 (70.5%), serotype 2 in 362 (9.6%), serotype 3 in 232 (6.2%) and serotype 4 in 196 (5.2%). Overall, serotype 1 was predominant from 1984 to 1997, although there were a few cases in which serotype 2, 3 and 4 became predominant based on area and year. The frequency of serotype 1 has gradually increased since 1993. Twenty two, 2, 3 and 1 among 57 specimens of "others" by EIA from Tokyo, Maizuru, Sapporo and Kurume in 1995-1996 and 1996-1997 were determined as serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 9 by RT-PCR, respectively.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene polymorphism and ethanol patch test as a screening method for alcohol sensitivity.

To assess clinical availability of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 gene polymorphism to detect alcohol sensitivity among a Japanese population, we determined the ALDH 2 genotypes and also compared to an ethanol patch test in 119 young Japanese. Their alcohol sensitivity was evaluated by a questionnaire on the frequency of alcohol-associated symptoms when they drink. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR primers were flanking the polymorphic region in exon 12 of the ALDH 2 gene. The distribution of the typical homozygote, the heterozygote and the atypical homozygote was 63.9, 31.9 and 4.2%, respectively. Gene frequencies of the typical and atypical alleles calculated from the genotype frequencies were 0.80 and 0.20. The atypical genotypic homozygotes were positively associated with facial flushing symptom, but not with positive response for ethanol patch test. These results indicate that ALDH 2 genotypes determination is essential to detect alcohol sensitivity whereas the ethanol patch test has some limitations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Associations of self-regulation with personality traits and self-efficacy in Japanese elementary school children.

This study was conducted to investigate the associations of scores on four self-regulation subscales identified by Nakata and Shiomi in 1998 with those on personality traits measured on the Shimoda Personality Inventory and self-efficacy with 123 Japanese elementary school children. Scores on the self-regulation subscales had significant positive correlations with scores on immodithymic and syntonic traits, and significant negative correlations with scores on schizothymic, nervous, and uncertain traits. Correlations with self-efficacy were also positive and significant. From these results higher scorers on self-regulation may have more positive personality traits and higher self-efficacy scores.

Child↗