Recipient macrophage depletion reduces the severity of graft coronary arteriosclerosis in the rat retransplantation model.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Nakata
Publications and source records attributed to S Nakata.
A unique mechanism of tolerance by perioperative intrathymic injection of bone marrow cells with a short course of ALS and FK506 in the rat cardiac allograft model.
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Animals↗
The CA125 regression rate to predict overall survival differ between paclitaxel-containing regimen and nonpaclitaxel regimen in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
In this study, we compare the time to normalization of CA125 after cytoreductive surgery between a paclitaxel-containing regimen and a non-paclitaxel regimen. This study demonstrates that CA125 regression in a paclitaxel-containing regimen was slower than that in a non-paclitaxel regimen. When we determine the CA125 regression rate to predict overall survival in ovarian cancer, we should take into account the kind of chemotherapy regimen, especially the use of paclitaxel.
Adult↗
Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in Japanese persons determined by microimmunofluorescence using reticulate bodies as single antigen.
The incidence of humoral antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 1005 Japanese individuals of various ages. Formalin-fixed purified reticulate bodies of C. trachomatis (L2(434) strain) were used as antigens in the microimmunofluorescence test. Of 137 pregnant women, 25 (18.2%) had antibody titers of 1:10 or larger. Of 120 cord blood specimens from newborns, 16 (13.3%) were positive. Among 565 infants and children a progressive, age-related increase in seropositivity was observed except in 6- to 8-year-olds: 9.2% for infants under 1 year old; 20.8 to 25.0% for 1-to 5-year-olds; 11.7 to 17.6% for 6- to 8-year-olds; and 26.1 to 32.3% for 9- to 15-year-olds. Among 183 adults the seropositivity rate was between 20.0 and 26.7%, and a progressive increase in seropositivity was not clearly observed. These data suggest that C. trachomatis infection occurs commonly in Japanese adults and children.
Adolescent↗
Removal of immunosuppressive substance in cancer patients' serum.
Anemia-inducing substance (AIS) appears in plasma as cancer progresses. In this study, a non-coated charcoal column was used to remove AIS from the cachectic plasma obtained from patients with advanced cancer. AIS could be completely removed by 6 cycles of adsorption using this column. Similar data were obtained in an experiment using VX-2-transplanted rabbits. These observations raised the possibility that plasmapheresis with a non-coated charcoal column may be available as a new means of immunotherapy for advanced cancer.
Biological Factors↗
Hepatitis C and B virus infections in populations at low or high risk in Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi, Vietnam.
Inhabitants and patients of two cities in Vietnam were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Anti-HCV was detected in 43 (9%) of 491 individuals without liver disease in Ho Chi Minh, more frequently (P < 0.001) than in 18 (4%) of 511 in Hanoi. There was no apparent age-specific distribution of anti-HCV. Among inhabitants of both cities, HBsAg and anti-HBs were frequent, detected in 10-14% and 35-37%, respectively; the prevalence of anti-HBs increased in parallel with age. Among individuals at high risk, the prevalence of anti-HCV was particularly high in drug users (58/67 or 87%) and patients on maintenance haemodialysis (15/28 or 54%) or with haemophilia (7/24 or 29%) in Ho Chi Minh, and in drug users in Hanoi (61/200 or 31%). Prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in high-risk groups was not different from those in the general population. Screening of anti-HCV in blood donors in Vietnam is of urgent necessity because blood supply is dependent on commercial blood donors, many of whom are drug users at high risk.
Adult↗
Sensitivity to cisplatin determined by the histoculture drug response assay and clinical response of endometrial cancer.
This study investigated the value of the in vitro histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) for predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with endometrial cancer. Specimens were obtained from 115 patients with endometrial cancer treated at Keio University Hospital between 1994 and 2002. Tumor fragments were cultured on collagen sponge gel with cisplatin for 7 days, and cell viability was assessed. The cutoff value of the 50% inhibitory concentration of cisplatin was set at 23 microg/mL. Sensitivity of stage III or IV disease to chemotherapy was investigated, and differences of 5-year progression-free survival between patients with sensitive and resistant tumors were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Tumors were evaluable in 93.0% of patients (107/115). Among 38 patients in stages III or IV, 23 received chemotherapy containing cisplatin. Seven sensitive tumors did not recur, while recurrence/progression occurred within 6 months in 8/16 patients with tumors showing low sensitivity. Among stages III and IV patients, there was a significant difference of 5-year progression-free survival (P < 0.05) between those with tumors showing high or low sensitivity. Accordingly, the HDRA may predict the efficacy of chemotherapy for endometrial cancer.
Adult↗
Is 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid, a hepatotoxic metabolite of valproate, responsible for valproate-induced hyperammonemia?
To investigate the association between valproate metabolism (VPA) and VPA-induced hyperammonemia together with the contribution of VPA hepatotoxicity risk factors such as young age, polypharmacy, and high serum VPA levels to VPA-induced hyperammonemia, plasma ammonia (NH3) levels, serum levels of VPA and its metabolites, and biochemical parameters were determined in 98 patients treated with VPA (53 monopharmacy cases and 45 polypharmacy cases). In monopharmacy patients, plasma NH3 levels did not depend on age, VPA dosage or serum levels. Serum level of 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-en) showed a negative correlation with plasma NH3 level in the monopharmacy group. In polypharmacy patients, plasma NH3 levels, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase were significantly higher, while level/dose VPA ratio, 2-en-VPA serum level, and bilirubin were significantly lower than those in monopharmacy patients. These results suggest that young age and relatively high VPA serum levels within the therapeutic range were unlikely to be risk factors for common hyperammonemia associated with VPA therapy and that 4-en was not causally related to this adverse effect. The decreased serum level of 2-en-VPA in polypharmacy patients may be a reflection of a certain mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be a mechanism of the increased NH3 levels. The changes in biochemical parameters in polypharmacy patients were considered results of the enzyme-inducing activity of coadministered antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
Adolescent↗
Long-term stability between click-evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion product otoacoustic emissions in guinea pigs: A comparison.
This study examines the long-term stability of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and we selected click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) from several types of OAEs. We then compared these methods for the long-term monitoring of inner ear functions. Over a period of 8 weeks, we measured CEOAEs and DPOAEs in guinea pigs (n = 8) every week and analyzed the changes in the total echo power of CEOAE, the echo power of frequency bands of CEOAE and the DPOAE level (f2/f1 = 1.2). We considered as 'stable' parameters those that showed small changes or of which the p value was close to 1.0. Good p values of CEOAEs were obtained over the 2- to 3-kHz range; better p values of DPOAEs were obtained over the 2- to 8-kHz range. Thus, DPOAEs afforded the extended frequency information achievable with CEOAEs. According to our results, DPOAEs were superior to CEOAEs as parameters of long-term stability because they showed fewer changes in level at each frequency.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
[PSA doubling time in prostate cancer relapsed after endocrine therapy].
PURPOSE: The PSA level of prostate cancer patients generally declines after endocrine therapy, but elevates when the cancer relapses in most cases. However, the rate of elevation differs with the case. We investigated the PSA doubling time (PSA-DT) of the prostate cancer patients whose PSA declined after endocrine therapy and later re-elevated, and investigated the relationship with other parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated 55 prostate cancer patients who underwent endocrine therapy between 1991 and 1998. Their PSA re-elevated continuously after their PSA fell below 10 ng/ml after the endocrine therapy as the first line treatment. First, the correlation coefficients with time and PSA were calculated in order to decide whether their PSA elevation was exponential or linear. PSA-DT was calculated thereafter, and compared with the clinical stage, pathological differentiation, clinical relapse style, time from the beginning of the therapy to PSA relapse, pre-treatment PSA value, and prognosis. The relationship between PSA-DT and each clinical parameter was tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences in survival rates and PSA-DT were calculated using the log-rank test. RESULTS: PSA elevated exponentially after cancer relapsed. PSA-DT in all cases ranged from 0.5 to 26.3 months, with an average of 4.4 +/- 4.8 (S.D.) months and the median was 2.5 months. PSA-DT was significantly (p < 0.01) short when the pre-treatment clinical stage was high, the time from the beginning of the therapy to PSA relapse was short, or the pre-treatment PSA value was high. PSA-DT tended to be short when the pre-treatment pathological differentiation was low, but not significantly. PSA-DT tended to be short when the cancer relapsed as distant metastasis rather than regional relapse, but not significantly. Prognosis from the initial treatment and PSA relapse was significantly poor when the PSA-DT was short. CONCLUSIONS: PSA elevated exponentially in the relapsed prostate cancer patients after the endocrine therapy. PSA-DT was distributed in a very wide range, and this value was considered to reflect the malignant potential and prognosis of the cancer. PSA-DT may be useful for determining the strategy after relapse.
Aged↗
A case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome produced by gastrinoma in the duodenum accompanied with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
A case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome produced by gastrinoma in the duodenum accompanied by multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1) is reported. A 46 year-old female underwent distal gastrectomy due to gastric ulcer 5 years ago. As ulceration of the residual stomach recurred, further examination was performed. Hyperprolactinemia, hypergastrinemia, primary hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic tumor, and duodenal carcinoid were evident, and the diagnoses of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and MEN-1 were established. The origin of the gastrin secretion was suspected to be from the pancreatic tumor, so sampling of the portal blood was performed. As lesion on the gastrinoma in the pancreas could not be identified, total parathyroidectomy was performed for primary hyperparathyroidism. The level of the gastrin secretion, however, remained high. Partial resection of the duodenum for the duodenal carcinoid and a distal pancreatectomy were carried out concurrently. Immunohistochemical study of the anti-gastrin antibody revealed duodenal tumor cells. Initially, the gastrinoma was thought to be in the pancreas, however, the lesion accompanied with MEN-1 and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome had occurred in the duodenum.
Duodenal Neoplasms↗
Effects of prostaglandin E1 administration during hepatectomy for cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prostaglandin E1 has been used in hepatectomy based on a few limited clinical studies suggesting that PGE1 improves liver function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PGE1 administration during hepatectomy for cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: Forty-three patients undergoing hepatectomy for cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into 2 groups: hepatectomy with Prostaglandin E1 treatment (PG group; n = 19) and without Prostaglandin E1 treatment (control group; n = 24). Prostaglandin E1 (0.02-0.07 microgram/kg/min) was administered intravenously from beginning to end of surgery in the PG group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age, gender, preoperative liver and renal function, or intraoperative variables such as blood loss, weight of resected liver and total clamping time by the Pringle maneuver. No patient had severe postoperative complications. Initial postoperative maximum concentrations of serum total bilirubin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in the PG group were significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Prostaglandin E1 administration during hepatectomy for cirrhotic heptocellular carcinoma resulted in improved renal and hepatic function.
Aged↗
Aeration time following ethylene oxide sterilization for reusable rigid sterilization containers: concentration of gaseous ethylene oxide in containers.
Because ethylene oxide (EO) gas is toxic to humans, restrictions have been imposed on its use for sterilization, specifying allowable levels of residual EO remaining in sterilized apparatus and materials. However, the aeration time that optimizes the removal of the remaining EO when a rigid sterilizing container is used for a vessel had not been identified. Therefore, polyvinyl chloride, which easily adsorbs EO, was placed in rigid sterilizing containers, and aeration was carried out after 1, 8, 12, 17, and 24 hours. After standard EO sterilization, the EO concentrations remaining in the air in the rigid containers were measured. The results indicate that a period of 17 hours of aeration is appropriate when a rigid sterilizing container is used.
Air↗
Portal vein thrombosis associated with hilar bile duct carcinoma and liver abscess.
As most portal vein occlusion in hilar bile duct carcinoma is caused by tumor invasion to the portal vein, other mechanisms of its occlusion are very rare. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who underwent surgical resection for an advanced hilar bile duct carcinoma associated with unusual portal vein occlusion. Preoperative diagnosis was advanced hilar bile duct carcinoma with liver abscess and right portal vein occlusion due to tumor invasion. Extended right hepatectomy combined with resection of caudate lobe was performed. Intraoperatively, tumor invasion to the portal vein was not evident and resected margin of the right portal vein showed thrombosis and no evidence of malignancy histologically. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with a combination of portal vein thrombosis and liver abscess in hilar bile duct carcinoma. Although portal vein occlusion due to thrombosis is an unusual complication in hilar bile duct carcinoma, the presence of liver abscess may be a useful diagnostic implication of this occlusion.
Aged↗
Effects of terminal cardioplegia with leukocyte-depleted blood on heart grafts preserved for 24 hours.
Canine hearts immersed in modified Collins solution were transplanted heterotopically (n = 23) and orthotopically (n = 15) to evaluate the effect of terminal warm-blood cardioplegia with or without leukocyte depletion. As the index for graft function, preload recruitable stroke work was measured in both series before harvesting (control) and after transplantation (percentage). The heterotopic hearts were divided into four groups (group 1 to 4) according to the preservation method; hearts were preserved for 3 hours in group 1 and for 24 hours in groups 2, 3, and 4. Simple terminal warm-blood cardioplegia was applied in group 3, and terminal warm-blood cardioplegia with leukocyte depletion was used in group 4. In the orthotopic series, five hearts were transplanted soon after harvesting (group 5) to simulate on-site transplantation, and the remaining ten hearts were transplanted after 24 hours of hypothermic preservation without and with terminal warm-blood cardioplegia with leukocyte depletion (groups 6 and 7, respectively). Among the heterotopic transplants, the percentage of preload recruitable stroke work was highest in group 4 (91% +/- 6%, 51% +/- 4%, 83% +/- 10%, 140% +/- 11% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). All orthotopic transplants in groups 5 and 7 were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without inotropic support and without significant differences in cardiac function between groups 5 and 7 (percentage of preload recruitable stroke work, 99% +/- 10% versus 102% +/- 2%; cardiac output, 122 +/- 10 versus 140 +/- 22 ml/kg/min). No orthotopic transplants in group 6 could be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, even with inotropic support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Canine heart-lung transplantation after twenty-four-hour hypothermic preservation with Belzer-UW solution.
Twenty four-hour heart-lung preservation with Belzer-UW solution was studied in the canine heterotopic heart-lung transplant model. Four pairs of mongrel dogs were used. The donor heart was arrested with cardioplegic solution. The heart and the lung were flushed with UW solution, then excised en bloc and immersed in 4 degrees C UW solution for 24 hours. The graft was transplanted heterotopically into the left pneumonectomized recipient. The transplant procedure consisted of end-to-end anastomosis of two left main bronchi, end-to-side anastomosis of the descending aortas, and end-to-end anastomosis of the donor's superior vena cava to the recipient's left pulmonary artery. The recipient's right pulmonary artery was ligated after an observation period, and cardiopulmonary functions were measured during room air ventilation. In all four transplanted dogs the grafts were able to sustain the recipient's circulation. The prepreservation and posttransplant cardiac output was 71.2 +/- 21.6 ml/min/kg and 96.4 +/- 44.4 ml/min/kg; the arterial PO2 was 80.8 +/- 12.9 mm Hg and 74.1 +/- 2.7 mm Hg; and the arterial PCO2 was 25.6 +/- 5.5 mm Hg and 35.9 +/- 13.3 mm Hg, respectively. There were no significant differences between the prepreservation and posttransplant values. Posttransplant myocardial water content was within the normal range. Pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly, to 13.8 +/- 3.7 from 8.8 +/- 5.2. Wood units, and the wet/dry ratio of the lung increased significantly, to 8.3 +/- 1.6 from 4.4 +/- 0.6. In conclusion, heart-lung grafts preserved in UW solution for 24 hours were able to sustain the recipient's circulation. Significant pulmonary edema, however, could not be prevented.
Adenosine↗
HLA-DR4 in Negro and Mexican rheumatoid arthritis patients.
We tested HLA-DR antigens in 38 Caucasian, 18 Negro, 17 Mexican, and 5 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Significantly high HLA-DR4 frequencies were observed in all races; 61% in Caucasians, 39% in Negroes, 77% in Mexicans, and 100% in Japanese. However, no clinical correlation with DR4 was found in these patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Induction of neonatal immunologic tolerance to heart transplantation by intrathymic myocardial cell inoculation in rats.
To induce immunologic tolerance, intrathymic inoculation of myocardial cells in rats was performed during the neonatal period. Isolated myocardial cells from Wistar-Lewis (LEW/Crj) rat hearts were inoculated into the thymi of incompatible neonatal Wistar-King (WKAH/HKm) rats without use of immunosuppressants. Ten weeks later the heart from the LEW donor was transplanted heterotropically to the pretreated male WKAH rat (group 1, n = 14). As controls (groups 2 through 4), heart transplantation was performed in each of 10-week-old rats as follows: (1) The syngeneic heart was transplanted (group 2, n = 4); (2) the allogeneic heart was transplanted without use of immunosuppressants (group 2, n = 12); and (3) the allogeneic heart was transplanted with use of immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, 20 mg/kg/day, for 10 days after transplantation, (group 4, n = 5). In groups 1 through 3, four rats with heart transplants in each group were killed on the seventh day after transplantation and were histopathologically examined. No early rejection was seen in group 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the thymus from the inoculated recipient revealed that donor myocardial cells continued to survive in the thymic tissue. The remaining rats in groups 1, 3, and 4 were saved for study of graft survival time. The longest proven graft survival in group 1 was 390 days, whereas it was only 7 days in group 3. These results indicated that intrathymic inoculation of donor myocardial cells in rats into incompatible neonatal recipients induced donor-specific tolerance for subsequent heart transplantation.
Animals↗