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Biomedical subjects

S Nakashima

Publications and source records attributed to S Nakashima.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Human erythrocyte band 3 (EPB3) polymorphism: analysis of blood and bloodstains by an immunodetection method and frequency of the EPB3* Memphis variant.

The erythrocyte band 3 (EPB3) variant, band 3 Memphis (EPB3*Memphis), was detected by immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody to the 41 kDa cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of band 3 without protease treatment of erythrocytes. EPB3*Memphis was also detected by immunoblotting from 3-month-old bloodstains subjected to alpha-chymotrypsin treatment. A population genetic study using this method indicated that the EPB3 variant would be useful for forensic work in Japan, since the frequency of this variant in Japanese (Wakayama prefecture) is relatively high (0.159).

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗
PubMed1993

ABO blood grouping of bloodstains by sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibody specific for human red cell band 3.

ABO blood grouping of human bloodstains was performed by a sandwich ELISA using a species-specific monoclonal antibody to the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of human red cell membrane band 3. In a blind trial, all A, B and O bloodstains (a 1 cm long thread) and AB bloodstains (a 1.5 cm long thread) were accurately typed by this method. Even when bloodstains were contaminated by other body fluids (e.g., semen and saliva), only the ABO blood group epitopes on band 3 of the red cell membrane were detected. Thus, identification of human blood and ABO blood grouping of bloodstains which were contaminated by other body fluids could be simultaneously performed by this method.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1993

Chemiluminescence immunoassay to detect anti-HTLV-I antibodies.

A fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed for the detection of antibodies to HTLV-I. We used partially purified viral antigens coated on small polystyrene beads together with acridinium ester-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G mouse immunoglobulin G in this method. A good agreement was observed between our proposed method, the indirect immunofluorescence assay, the particle-agglutination test and the enzyme immunoassay. This new method, which is simple, sensitive, specific and rapid, should be useful for mass screening of anti-HTLV-I antibodies.

HTLV-I Antibodies↗
PubMed1993

Computer-aided 3-D reconstruction and measurement of the facial canal and facial nerve. I. Cross-sectional area and diameter: preliminary report.

Using a computer-aided three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction method, measurements were made at eight representative sites of diameters and the cross-sectional area of the facial canal, facial nerve, and the space between the canal and nerve. Materials used were serial histology sections of seven normal human temporal bones obtained from individuals of different ages. Two areas of decreased cross-sectional area of the facial canal were found: the proximal part of the labyrinthine portion and the middle part of the tympanic portion. These narrowings in the canal appeared to be correlated with decreased superior-inferior diameter of the facial canal in those portions, especially in adult temporal bones, and also with decreased cross-sectional area, both of the nerve and of the space between the canal and the nerve, in these portions. The developmental etiology of these narrowings is speculated on, and their possible relationship to Bell's palsy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

3-D anatomy of Scarpa's ganglion and surrounding structures.

We reconstructed in three dimensions, and measured by a computer-aided method developed by us, Scarpa's ganglion and surrounding important anatomical structures in 7 normal human temporal bones obtained from 7 individuals aged 7 days to 72 years. We found that this ganglion is shaped like an hourglass and lies with its superior part directed anterosuperolaterally, and its inferior part posteroinferomedially; these two parts are connected by the isthmus ganglionaris. Although the dimensions of the parts of the ganglion varied, such a structure was distinguishable in all the specimens we studied. The volume of the ganglion was found to be relatively consistent in these postnatal specimens; although the width and height of the ganglion varied, they were inversely correlated with each other (linear regression analysis, p < 0.05). We did note, however, some postnatal increase in the distance from the ganglion to its neighboring structures. We also identified a significant correlation between the width of the ganglion and the length of the internal auditory canal and the distance from the ganglion to the vestibular endorgans in any given specimen (linear regression analysis, p < 0.05). These results suggest that although the volume of Scarpa's ganglion does not change after birth, its shape does change with the growth of the individual temporal bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Uveitis in human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) carriers--3. A molecular biological study].

The presence of proviral DNA of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in the inflammatory cells in the aqueous humor was examined by polymerase chain reaction. The proviral DNA was detected in all the tested patients (n = 9) with HTLV-I uveitis. On the other hand, the provirus was not detected in 2 out of 3 HTLV-I seropositive patients with other types of uveitis, i.e., Behçet's disease, toxoplasmosis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease. None of the 11 seronegative patients with other types of uveitis or senile cataract had proviral DNA in the aqueous humor. Thus, the fact that HTLV-I-infected cells were present in the aqueous humor of all HTLV-I uveitis patients suggests significant involvement of HTLV-I in the pathophysiology of the uveitis.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1993

[Ocular manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients].

Ocular manifestations in 56 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients were examined prospectively. Eighteen of them had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 14 had AIDS-related complex (ARC), and 30 were asymptomatic carriers (AC). Two AIDS patients progressed from ARC and four ARC patients from AC. Seventy-two percent of AIDS patients had ocular manifestations, including cotton-wool spots (28%), retinal hemorrhages (44%), cytomegalovirus retinitis (28%) and papilledema (6%). We also found ocular signs in 50% of ARC patients and 40% of AC patients. Since ophthalmologic manifestations are common in HIV seropositive patients, it is necessary for them to undergo a routine series of ophthalmologic examinations.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1993

[IgE-receptor stimulation induces biphasic 1,2-diacylglycerol production in RBL-2H3 cells. Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D plays a major role in the second sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol accumulation].

Activation of RBL-2H3 cells by cross-linking their IgE receptors resulted in a biphasic increase in cellular 1,2-diacylglycerol (DG) content. The first-phase DG production was coincident with a transient breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The second large sustained phase of DG accumulation appeared to be derived mainly from phosphatidylcholine (PC) and partly from phosphatidylinositol (PI). The accumulation of phosphatidylethanol (PEt) and the reduction of DG formation in the presence of ethanol suggested that more than 50% of the DG due to PC hydrolysis was formed through the action of phospholipase D. The addition of phorbol myristate acetate or Ca2+ ionophore A23187 stimulated the hydrolysis of PC. In protein kinase C (PKC) down-regulated cells, PC hydrolysis induced by A23187 was markedly suppressed. Taken together, these results lead as to speculate that hydrolysis of PC is regulated by the increase in cellular Ca2+ and PKC activation through the hydrolysis of PIP2. The exocytotic response became evident with a 1 min time lag after antigen (Ag) stimulation, followed by the transient breakdown of PIP2. Ethanol inhibited Ag-stimulated serotonin secretion. The concentration-dependent inhibitory profile of secretion by ethanol correlated well with that of the sustained phase of DG accumulation. These results suggest that sustained DG production, mainly derived from PC through phospholipase D action, plays an important role in maintaining secretory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mass contents of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol in human platelets stimulated with a thromboxane analogue and thrombin.

Mass contents of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DG) were measured in U46619-stimulated human platelets. 1 microM of U46619 induced maximum responses in aggregation, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) secretion and increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Aggregation was almost comparable to that induced by maximal dose (1 U/ml) of thrombin, while 5HT release was almost half. The initial [Ca2+]i peak in response to U46619 was about half of thrombin stimulation. Production of IP3 and DG was, however, less than one tenth of that seen in thrombin stimulation. The profile (time course and concentration-dependency) of IP3 formation did not correlate with that of [Ca2+]i, suggesting that U46619 stimulates IP3-dependent and -independent Ca2+ mobilization. DG production was small but sustained for more than 5 min. These findings support the recent hypothesis that aggregation is regulated by a delayed accumulation of DG. The low level of 5HT secretion could be explained by the low production of second messengers, IP3 and DG.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1992

Uveitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.

Seroepidemiologic, clinical, and virologic studies were performed to determine whether human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I was closely associated with uveitis in two hospitals. One hospital was in an endemic area of the virus (Miyakonojo, Miyazaki) and the other hospital was in a less endemic area (Kurume). In the endemic area, the seroprevalence of the virus in patients with uveitis without defined causes (35.4%, 62 of 175 patients) was significantly higher than that in patients with nonuveitic ocular diseases (16.1%, 42 of 261 patients), or in patients with uveitis with defined causes (10.3%, eight of 78 patients). The seroprevalence in younger patients (20 to 49 years of age) with uveitis without defined causes in the area was 44.8% (30 of 67 patients), whereas it was only 9.3% (ten of 107 patients) in the other two groups. A similar observation was recorded even in the less endemic area (Kurume). Because the seroprevalence of the virus in the general population is known to be low in younger patients and to increase with age, these findings were interpreted to indicate that the association of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I with uveitis was significant. Most patients, particularly those aged 20 through 49 years, had an intermediate uveitis characterized by a moderate inflammation in the vitreous body accompanied by an iritis and retinal vasculitis. The ocular symptoms in the patients differed from those of other types of uveitis common in Japan (Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease, and toxoplasmosis, for example).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mediates the sustained formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol via phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C in cultured rat hepatocytes.

The addition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to rat hepatocytes in primary culture resulted in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DG) by a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). DG showed a biphasic increase; the first phase, corresponding with the peak of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and a second larger and prolonged phase. The HGF stimulates the phosphatidylcholine (PC)-derived prolonged DG formation by a phospholipase C pathway (PC-PLC) but not by a phospholipase D pathway. HGF also was found to elicit [Ca2+] oscillations which may be associated with the prolonged DG production from PC via the PC-PLC phospholipase C pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Species-specific epitopes exist on the cytoplasmic amino-terminal domain of erythrocyte band 3 protein.

Monoclonal antibodies (P3-9H, P3-1F, P3-2H, P3-4A, and P3-4C) to human erythrocyte band 3 were produced using human erythrocyte membranes as the immunogen. All epitopes defined by these antibodies were found on the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte band 3. The antibodies crossreacted variously with erythrocyte band 3 of primates (chimpanzee, orangutan, Rhesus monkey, Japanese monkey, spider monkey, and capuchin monkey) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. P3-9H did not crossreact with erythrocyte band 3 of any primate examined; P3-1F crossreacted only with that of chimpanzee; P3-2H crossreacted with erythrocyte band 3 of chimpanzee, spider monkey, and capuchin monkey; and P3-4A and P3-4C crossreacted with erythrocyte band 3 of all primates examined. These results suggest that evolutional changes in primates are accumulated in the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of band 3 and that species-specific epitopes exist on this domain.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

HTLV-I uveitis: a distinct clinical entity caused by HTLV-I.

Seroepidemiological, clinical and virological studies were carried out in an HTLV-I endemic area to find out if HTLV-I caused an intraocular inflammatory disorder, uveitis. The seroprevalence in patients with uveitis without defined etiologies (62/175, 35.4%) was significantly higher than that in patients with non-uveitic ocular diseases (42/261, 16.1%) or in patients with uveitis with defined etiologies (8/78, 10.3%). Moreover, the seroprevalence in young adults (20-49 years) with uveitis without defined etiologies was 30/67 (44.8%), whereas it was only 10/107 (9.3%) in the other two groups. The uveitis in HTLV-I carriers was characterized clinically by a moderate inflammation of the vitreous body accompanied by a mild iritis and retinal vasculitis. The proviral DNA of HTLV-I was detected by polymerase chain reaction from the inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber in 9 out of 9 seropositive patients with the uveitis, but not in any of the tested patients with other types of uveitis. These data, thus, indicate that HTLV-I causes a specific type of intraocular inflammation, uveitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Temporal bone histopathologic findings of Waardenburg's syndrome: a case report.

A histopathological study of the temporal bones of a 3-year-old black girl who had bilateral deafness associated with Waardenburg's syndrome type II showed a similar pattern of pathology in both ears. The most striking findings were an absence of pigmentation in the inner ear and cochleosaccular abnormality. This is, to our knowledge, only the third report on human temporal bone histopathology in Waardenburg's syndrome and the first report of such a case with absence of pigment (melanin) in the inner ear. A possible association of hearing loss with absence of inner ear pigment in this case is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

[Traumatic bilateral oculomotor nerve palsy: a case report].

A 28-year-old woman, with no past medical history, was admitted soon after a motor vehicle accident on March 1, 1990. On admission there were multiple small wounds in the right temporal region, but no wounds around the orbits. She was semicomatose with bilaterally fixed dilated pupils (6mm) and ptosis. The eyes were abducted bilaterally. No other cranial nerve palsy was noted. She moved four limbs spontaneously. No skull fracture was present on X-ray films. Cervical X-ray films revealed straightened cervical vertebral column but no fracture. Pelvic bone X-ray films demonstrated fracture and diastasis of the pubic bone. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a small subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage in the right ambient cistern. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) carried out 12 days after trauma demonstrated bilateral small subdural hematomas under the cerebellar tentorium and contusional lesions of the bilateral medial temporal lobes. There were no abnormalities present in the brain stem. The patient was treated conservatively with diuretics and steroids. Disturbance of consciousness gradually improved until one month after the trauma, when she came close to being alert. Bilateral ptosis cleared after 3 months, and adduction of the eyes recovered after 6 months. Vertical eye movement improved a little in 6 months. Fixed 6mm pupils changed to fixed 4mm pupils in 6 months. Bilateral traumatic oculomotor palsy is a rarely described condition, and its mechanism remains conjectural. We discussed the mechanism of the injury and the site of the lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of glutathione depletion on the synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen in cultured chondrocytes.

We studied the effect of the depletion of glutathione on the synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen in cultured chick chondrocytes. When the cultured chondrocytes were incubated with 1 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, the intracellular glutathione level markedly dropped within 12 h with no loss of cell viability. Incorporation of 35SO2-4 into proteoglycan was lowered in the presence of BSO. When the 35S-labeled proteoglycans were separated into two fractions by glycerol density gradient centrifugation, the inhibitory effect of BSO on the synthesis of proteoglycan was greater in the fast-sedimenting proteoglycan fraction, which consisted mainly of cartilage specific large proteoglycan (PG-H), than in the slowly sedimenting proteoglycan fraction. The inhibition by BSO of the synthesis of core protein-free glycosaminoglycan chains primed by p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside was smaller than the inhibition of the synthesis of proteoglycan. Analysis of glycosaminoglycans labeled with [3H]glucosamine indicated that the treatment of chondrocytes with BSO resulted in a small increase in the proportion of synthesis of hyaluronic acid to the synthesis of total glycosaminoglycan. The incorporation of [3H]proline into collagen was also inhibited by BSO. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 3H-labeled collagen showed that, in the presence of BSO, processing of Type II collagen appeared to slow down and the proportion of Type X collagen synthesis was reduced.

Animals↗