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Biomedical subjects

S Nakano

Publications and source records attributed to S Nakano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[A case of metastatic colon carcinoma in which a continuous intrahepatic artery-infusion of 5-FU leucovorin and cisplatin, and systemic chemotherapy with CPT-11 was very effective].

We report a patient with metastatic colon carcinoma who was treated effectively with a continuous intrahepatic artery-infusion of 5-FU, Leucovorin and cisplatin, and systemic chemotherapy with CPT-11. A 50-year-old man was diagnosed as having well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon with multiple liver metastases in March, 1997. Left hemicolectomy and subsequent catheterization into the common hepatic artery via the gastroduodenal artery were performed in April, 1997. He was treated with 3 courses of continuous intrahepatic artery-infusion of 5-FU, Leucovorin and cisplatin, and two courses of systemic chemotherapy with CPT-11 during hospitalization, followed by 6 courses of a similar intraarterial therapy in an outpatient setting. Reinstallation of the catheter into the hepatic artery via the femoral artery was performed because of occlusion of the reservoir. During the 6th course of intraarterial therapy, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting appeared and angiography revealed a narrowing of the hepatic artery. Therefore, the intrahepatic artery-infusion therapy was reinitiated with doses of 5-FU, Leucovorin and cisplatin reduced to approximately 80%. After 5 courses of this therapy, the computed tomography scan showed a marked decrease in the size of the metastatic hepatic lesions by 90%, and the serum level of CEA decreased from 657.7 ng/ml to 4.5 ng/ml. No severe side effects were seen during the treatment. Though multiple lung metastases were indicated during the intrahepatic artery-infusion therapy, both the liver and lung metastases have been well controlled with continuous intrahepatic artery-infusion chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. The continuous intrahepatic arterial infusion of 5-FU, leucovorin and cisplatin appears to be very effective for the treatment of colon carcinoma with liver metastasis without reducing the quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Radiographic and scintigraphic courses of union in cervical interbody fusion: hydroxyapatite grafts versus iliac bone autografts.

UNLABELLED: This study investigated the radiographic and scintigraphic courses of union in cervical interbody fusion using hydroxyapatite (HA) grafts or iliac bone autografts. METHODS: Twelve patients underwent both serial plain radiography and bone scintigraphy during the 12 mo after surgery. Serial plain radiographs were obtained every month until the end of the study period. Bone scintigrams with 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) were obtained at 2 wk and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 mo. Uptake of 99mTc-HMDP in the graft was expressed as a ratio of the counts in the graft to those in the axis. RESULTS: In the HA graft group, the plain radiographs of all patients showed a radiolucent stripe that disappeared 7.3 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SD) months after surgery. In the autograft group, a radiolucent stripe around the graft was not seen for any patient, and union was confirmed by follow-up radiographs within 6 mo after surgery. The serial changes in the 99mTc-HMDP uptake ratio showed no difference between the 2 groups. The 99mTc-HMDP uptake ratio peaked 1 mo after surgery and decreased rapidly to a plateau within 2 mo. CONCLUSION: In the HA graft group, despite the presence of a radiolucent stripe around the graft for more than 6 mo, the scintigraphic course of union was not different from that in the autograft group. The likelihood is that the presence of a radiolucent stripe around the HA graft in the early months after surgery is not always a sign of pseudoarthrosis.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of perioperative predictive factors influencing survival in patients with postinfarction ventricular septal perforation. Classified by the site of myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to identify the perioperative factors and to consider a counterplan for the improvement of surgical results, based on the site of myocardial infarction. METHODS: Sixteen patients with postinfarction ventricular septal perforation underwent surgical repair. The operation was performed 5+/-3 days after the onset of ventricular septal perforation using the same method, an infarctectomy and reconstruction of the septum and right and left ventricular walls with a single Dacron patch. The ventricular septal perforation was anterior in 11 patients and posterior in 5. Preoperative hemodynamics between survivors and non-survivors were compared. Left ventricular wall motion was estimated using echocardiography by wall motion score (divided into 17 segments and each segment was graded on a fourpoint scale: normal, 0; hypokinetic, 1; severe hypokinetic, 2; a- or dyskinetic, 3) and summed up. RESULTS: The operative mortality was 36% in 11 patients with anterior ventricular septal perforation. In non-survivors compared to survivors, wall motion score was greater (25+/-4 vs 18+/-4, p<0.01) and all values were over 20. The value of the cardiac index divided by Qp/Qs was lower (0.98+/-0.09 vs 1.44+/-0.31, p<0.02) and all were under 1.1. In 5 patients with inferior ventricular septal perforation, the operative mortality was 40%. In non-survivors compared to survivors, wall motion score was greater (18, 18 vs 7, 2, 12) and the right atrial pressure was greater (18, 19 vs 10, 9, 9 mmHg) due to a right ventricular infarction. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with poor left ventricular wall motion were lost for reasons unrelated to the site of myocardial infarction. Moreover, a cardiac index over Qp/Qs in anterior ventricular septal perforation and the existence of a right ventricular infarction in inferior ventricular septal perforation was predictive of operative mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A patient of MELAS with 3271 mutation with fatal outcome after alcohol intake].

A patient of MELAS is reported. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to Shimada Municipal Hospital because of nausea, vomiting, and right homonymous hemianopsia. She had past history of dizziness and convulsion. A brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an ischemic lesion in the left occipital lobe, which disappeared in the follow-up study. Laboratory examination indicated elevated lactate and pyruvate levels in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The muscle biopsy demonstrated ragged-red fibers and strongly SDH-reactive blood vessels. PCR-RFLP analysis of DNA extracted from her muscle and blood as well as her mother's blood revealed a T to C mutation at nucleophile position of 3271 in mitochondrial DNA. She was diagnosed as having MELAS and discharged. One year after the first admission, she re-visited our hospital because of three days' duration of fatigability and generalized muscle pain after alcohol intake. She had severe lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Despite a continuous hemodialysis and other intensive efforts, the patient died 20 hours later. Alcohol intake has been reported to induce rhabdomyolysis in myopathy with mitochondrial DNA deletions. The course of this patient suggests that alcohol intake can be an aggravating factor also in MELAS.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[A case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis with elevated anti-galactocerebroside antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid].

Anti-galactocerebroside (anti-GC) antibody has recently been recognized as a possible demyelinating agent. On the 9th day of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) pneumonia, an 8-year-old boy had a seizure lasting three hours followed by loss of consciousness for 30 hours. Anti-GC antibody titers and myelin basic protein in the CSF were 1:640 and 8.1 ng/dl, respectively. There were no neurological sequelae. It is suggested that the degree of elevation of anti-GC antibody titers in CSF may not correlate well with the severity and neurological prognosis in Mp encephalitis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2000

[Results of radioiodine therapy in patients with pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer].

Factors affecting the effect of 131I treatment and survival after pulmonary metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, were studied. Between 1984-1999, pulmonary metastases was observed in 51 out of 153 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at our institution. Of these 41 patients had papillary and 10 follicular thyroid cancer. There were 37 females and 14 males with mean age (+/- S.D.) of 50.5 +/- 19.0 years. These 51 patients were subjected to 131I therapy. The effect of 131I treatment and the prognostic values of the following variables were examined: sex, age at the time of 131I treatment, histologic type of cancer, size of pulmonary metastases on CT, total-body scintigraphy with 201Tl and 131I, serum thyroglobulin levels and presence of metastases in distant sites other than lung. The effect of 131I treatment was evaluated by means of changes in the number and size of metastatic shadows on chest CT and by serum thyroglobulin levels. The minimum duration of follow-up was 12 months. Therapeutic 131I dose scans revealed detectable uptake in 25 of 51 patients. Therapeutic 131I dose uptake was achieved more frequently in patients under 40 years of age and in those with follicular cancers. Of the 51 patients, 13 were evaluated to be treated successfully. Those under 40 years of age, with 131I uptake in the lung and presence of other metastases showed a good response to treatment than others. Follicular cancer showed a more significant association with coarse type of lung metastases (> 5 mm in diameter on chest CT) and good 131I uptake than papillary cancer. Of all the variables studied, the best prognosis for survival was demonstrated by increased 131I uptake in pulmonary metastases. These results indicate that age, 131I uptake and presence of other metastases are important factors in predicting the effect of 131I treatment for pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1999

The later part of high-frequency oscillations in human somatosensory evoked potentials is enhanced in aged subjects.

High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the range of 300-900 Hz have been shown to occur simultaneously with the primary response (N20) of the human somatosensory cortex following median nerve stimulation. We studied the effects of aging on somatosensory evoked HFOs. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded with a filter set at 10-2000 Hz following right median nerve stimulation in 15 normal young subjects and 15 normal aged subjects. The HFOs were obtained by digitally filtering the wide-band SEPs (10-2000 Hz) using a band-pass of 300-900 Hz. In the aged subjects, the number of negative peaks, amplitudes, duration and area of the HFOs between N20 peak and HFO endpoint were significantly larger than those of young subjects. However, those between N20 onset and N20 peak did not differ between the groups. These results suggest that the later part of HFOs is associated with aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in inclusion body myositis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate abnormal protein expression in inclusion body myositis (IBM). BACKGROUND: In IBM, ectopic deposition of beta-amyloid protein as well as several other proteins in some muscle fibers occurs. Some, but not all, of these proteins are also expressed in myofibrillar myopathy (MFM). The authors recently reported aberrant expressions of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)-enzymes regulating the cell replication cycle-in MFM. They therefore tested the notion that aberrant expression of CDKs also occurs in IBM. Among CDKs, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK5 have been demonstrated to phosphorylate tau, which is a component of inclusions in IBM. CDK5 appears in a stage of myogenesis when CDK1 and CDK2 are downregulated. METHODS: Cryostat sections of muscle specimens from 10 patients with sporadic IBM were immunostained for CDK1, CDK2, and CDK5. Fourteen patients with polymyositis and eight individuals with dermatomyositis served as disease control subjects. RESULTS: In IBM, numerous CDK5-positive inclusions were present in vacuolated fibers. CDK5 expression was not observed in any disease control subject. Regenerating fibers expressed CDK1 and CDK2 in all diseases. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)5, but no other CDKs, is involved in the formation of inclusions in IBM.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical localization of CDK5 activator p39 in the rat brain.

We examined the immunohistochemical localization of p39, the regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), in the adult rat brain. Cdk5 requires either p39 or p35 to assume its active form in the mammalian CNS. We developed a specific antibody against p39, and localized p39-immunoreactivity in the rat brain. p39-immunoreactivity was observed in the neuronal somata of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia, and also in the Purkinje cells. Immunopositive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were scattered throughout the rat brain. p35 immunoactivity has been observed exclusively in neurons and was never detected in glial cells. The present results suggest that p39 and p35 may have different functional roles in the regulation of Cdk5 in the rat CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Nucleic acid duplex stability: influence of base composition on cation effects.

The effects of counter ion on a nucleic acid duplex stability were investigated. Since a linear free energy relationship for the thermostability of oligonucleotide duplexes between those in 1 M and in 100 mM NaCl-phosphate buffer were observed regardless of whether they are DNA-DNA, RNA-RNA or RNA-DNA duplexes, simple prediction systems for [Delta] G degrees 37as well as T mvalues in 100 mM NaCl-phosphate buffer were established. These predictions were successful with an average error of only 2.4 degrees C for T mand 5. 7% for G degrees 37values. The number of Na+newly bound to a duplex when the duplex forms (-[Delta] n) was significantly influenced by the base composition, and -[Delta] n for d(GCCAGTTAA)/d(TTAACTGGC) was different for MgCl2, CaCl2, BaCl2and MnCl2(from 0.70 to 0.76 with the same order of the duplex stability). Almost no additive effects on the duplex stability was observed for NaCl and MgCl2, suggesting a competitive binding for these cations. The sequence-dependent manner of [Delta] n suggests the presence of preferential base pairs or nearest-neighbor base pairs for the cation binding, which would affect nearest-neighbor parameters.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1999

v-src induces cisplatin resistance by increasing the repair of cisplatin-DNA interstrand cross-links in human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells.

Activation of Src, which has an intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity, has been demonstrated in human solid tumors, such as colorectal and breast cancers. To investigate the role of activated Src in drug resistance, we evaluated the effect of v-src on the resistance to various anti-cancer drugs using v-src-transfected HAG-1 human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells. Compared with parental or mock-transfected HAG-1 cells, v-src-transfected HAG/src3-1 cells showed a 3.5-fold resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) but not to doxorubicin, etoposide or 5-fluorouracil. By contrast, activated H-ras, which acts downstream of src, failed to induce resistance to either of these drugs. Furthermore, wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor, and H7, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, did not alter CDDP resistance. Evaluation of the kinetics of the removal of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), measured by alkaline elution, showed a significant increase in this removal in HAG/src3-1 cells as compared with mock-transfected cells, though no differences were found in the formation of DNA ICLs between these cell lines. CDDP resistance in v-src-transfected cells was reversed, if not completely, by either herbimycin A or radicicol, specific inhibitors of Src-family PTKs, suggesting that Src tyrosine kinase activity induces CDDP resistance. Moreover, significant reduction in the repair of CDDP-induced DNA ICLs was observed upon treatment with radicicol. The intracellular glutathione content and mRNA expression of topoisomerase II and metallothionein were virtually identical between these cell lines, except for topoisomerase I mRNA. Our data strongly suggest that the ability of activated src, but not ras, to induce CDDP resistance is mediated by augmentation of DNA repair through Src to downstream signal-transduction pathways distinct from either the Ras, PI 3-kinase or PKC pathway.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1999

Host range of human T-cell leukemia virus type I analyzed by a cell fusion-dependent reporter gene activation assay.

We constructed a sensitive and quantitative assay system to examine human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) envelope (env) glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion in which T7 RNA polymerase in donor cells coexpressing env glycoproteins activates a reporter gene in recipient cells upon cell fusion. An efficient expression of HTLV-I env glycoproteins (gp46 and gp21) was observed in 293T cells transfected with an expression plasmid by both immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses. The cells expressing env glycoproteins also exhibited self-fusion. By cocultivating the donor cells with recipient cells transfected with a reporter plasmid possessing the luciferase gene under the T7 promoter, the expression of luciferase was observed upon cell fusion. The activation of the luciferase gene was inhibited by either anti-env neutralizing antibody or synthetic peptide corresponding to env gp21, thus indicating the cell fusion to be specifically mediated by the HTLV-I env glycoproteins expressed in the donor cells. A broad range of cell lines exhibited susceptibility to HTLV-I env-mediated cell fusion by this assay. This newly established assay system may thus provide an efficient way both to study the fusion mechanisms mediated by HTLV-I env glycoproteins and to identify the HTLV-I receptor(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and brain atrophy in myotonic dystrophy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy the age-related cerebral alterations present in myotonic dystrophy (MD) and to compare these results with those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN: Twenty-one patients (aged 16-63 years) with MD were compared with 16 age-matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS: In magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the mean (+/- SD) ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine and phosphocreatine in the patients with MD (1.09 +/- 0.32) was significantly lower than that in the control subjects (1.93 +/- 0.43) (P<.001). The mean ratio of N-acetylaspartate to choline-containing compounds in the patients with MD (1.70 +/- 0.44) was also significantly lower than that in the control subjects (2.75 +/- 0.53) (P<.001). These changes could be observed already in the younger patients. In magnetic resonance imaging, the mean brain area was significantly decreased and the mean ventricular space was significantly increased in patients with MD compared with the control subjects. Although we have confirmed brain atrophy in patients with MD in previous reports, a regression analysis indicated that the brain shrinks progressively with age in patients with this disorder and in control subjects, resulting in overlapping values for younger subjects. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that the cerebral abnormalities in patients with MD may be present at an early stage, when the results of magnetic resonance imaging studies are still equivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Does preoperative chemotherapy cause adverse effects on the perioperative course of patients undergoing esophagectomy for carcinoma?

The aim of this study was to clarify whether preoperative chemotherapy caused adverse effects on the perioperative course of patients undergoing esophagectomy. A total of 42 esophageal cancer patients were entered into a randomized trial and were analyzed. Twenty-one patients were assigned to immediate surgery (Surgery Group). The other 21 received two 5-day courses of chemotherapy comprising cisplatin (70 mg/m2) on day 1, and fluorouracil (700 mg/m2) and leucovorin (20 mg/m2) on each of days 1 to 5 (chemotherapy group). Hospital mortality comprised of one patient (2.3%) who had undergone an operation in the beginning of this series at 21 days after chemotherapy. Thereafter, the interval between the chemotherapy and operation was prolonged, with the average being 35 +/- 7 days. Preoperatively, both the lymphocyte counts and serum albumin levels were not increased in the chemotherapy group of patients even though their body weights increased. In the chemotherapy group, the operation time and the blood loss were increased and, on the 1st postoperative day, the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was high but the level of C-reactive protein was low. The incidence of positive microbial cultures of sputum and/or wound discharge within 8 postoperative days was higher in the chemotherapy group (42.9%) than in the surgery group (4.8%). The host defense damage caused by chemotherapy may be prolonged and may show adverse effects in patients undergoing esophagectomy in the early postoperative period. Minimally, a 4-week interval between the completion of chemotherapy and operation is recommended for preventing surgical mortality related to the preoperative chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Compensatory response of colon tissue to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

Depletion of goblet cells (the main mucin-producing cells in the colon) is one of the most reliable histological characteristics of ulcerative colitis, whereas a major symptom of this disease is bloody diarrhea containing a large amount of mucus. The discrepancy between these phenomena was investigated in a time-course study in rats with experimental colitis induced by treatment with oral dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 1, 3, or 5 days. Biochemical analysis showed a reduction in mucin content in the distal side of the colon that was proportional to the duration of DSS administration. In the proximal side of the colon, however, there was a significant increase in mucin content already on the first day of treatment with DSS. This increase in colonic mucin content continued for the 5 days of treatment. In the distal side, both sulfomucin and sialomucin decreased proportionally to the duration of DSS administration. In the proximal side, there was an increase in high iron diamine-Alcian blue-positive mucins, and confirming the proliferation of goblet cells. The proliferated glands were predominantly sialylated. Goblet cell depletion and an increase in mucin production occurred in different parts of the colon. This phenomenon may be a type of compensatory function of colon tissue in response to the localized decrease of mucin production in certain portions of the colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Identification of a novel bovine serum protein which is involved in human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-induced syncytium formation.

By immunizing rats with cocultured HTLV-I-positive ILT8M2 and HTLV-I-negative MOLT-4-cells, we isolated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated as mAb R21, which enhances the syncytium formation induced by coculturing ILT8M2 cells with MOLT-4 cells. The antigen recognized by mAb R21 was found on the surface of all T-cell, fibroblastoid, and epithelial cells lines, and a part of B-cell and myelomonocytoid cell lines. MAb R21 reacted with an approximately 17-kDa protein from ILT8M2 and MOLT-4 cell lysates in both nonreducing and reducing conditions by immunoblotting. Immunoprecipitation experiments using surface-labeled cells revealed that a 17-kDa protein is present on the surface of both ILT8M2 and MOLT-4 cells. Since the enhancing activity by mAb R21 of syncytium formation was observed only in the presence of a factor contained in fetal calf serum (FCS) which seems to bind to mAb R21, we purified this serum factor from FCS using a mAb R21-coupled Sepharose 4B column. The purified protein, designated as R21 protein, was revealed to be O-glycosylated but not N-glycosylated protein of approximately 17 kDa. The partial amino acid sequence of this protein indicates that R21 protein is a novel bovine serum protein which has approximately 90% amino acid homology with bovine platelet factor 4, a member of CXC chemokine family. These results indicate that the R21 protein on the surface of cells and/or in FCS may play an important role in the process of HTLV-I-induced syncytium formation by as yet unknown mechanism.

Amino Acid Sequence↗